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Barbiero M, Salvatierra JP, Risaro M, Clivati C, Calonico D, Levi F, Tarallo MG. Broadband serrodyne phase modulation for optical frequency standards and spectral purity transfer. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1958-1961. [PMID: 37221809 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We perform low phase noise, efficient serrodyne modulation for optical frequency control and spectral purity transfer between two ultrastable lasers. After characterizing serrodyne modulation efficiency and its bandwidth, we estimate the phase noise induced by the modulation setup by developing a novel, to the best of our knowledge, composite self-heterodyne interferometer. Exploiting serrodyne modulation, we phase locked a 698 nm ultrastable laser to a superior ultrastable laser source at 1156 nm by means of a frequency comb as a transfer oscillator. We show that this technique is a reliable tool for ultrastable optical frequency standards.
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2
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Differential clock comparisons with a multiplexed optical lattice clock. Nature 2022; 602:425-430. [PMID: 35173344 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress in optical atomic clock performance has advanced the frontiers of timekeeping, metrology and quantum science1-3. Despite considerable efforts, the instabilities of most optical clocks remain limited by the local oscillator rather than the atoms themselves4,5. Here we implement a 'multiplexed' one-dimensional optical lattice clock, in which spatially resolved strontium atom ensembles are trapped in the same optical lattice, interrogated simultaneously by a shared clock laser and read-out in parallel. In synchronous Ramsey interrogations of ensemble pairs we observe atom-atom coherence times of 26 s, a 270-fold improvement over the measured atom-laser coherence time, demonstrate a relative instability of [Formula: see text] (where τ is the averaging time) and reach a relative statistical uncertainty of 8.9 × 10-20 after 3.3 h of averaging. These results demonstrate that applications involving optical clock comparisons need not be limited by the instability of the local oscillator. We further realize a miniaturized clock network consisting of 6 atomic ensembles and 15 simultaneous pairwise comparisons with relative instabilities below [Formula: see text], and prepare spatially resolved, heterogeneous ensemble pairs of all four stable strontium isotopes. These results pave the way for multiplexed precision isotope shift measurements, spatially resolved characterization of limiting clock systematics, the development of clock-based gravitational wave and dark matter detectors6-12 and new tests of relativity in the lab13-16.
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3
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Figueroa NL, Berengut JC, Dzuba VA, Flambaum VV, Budker D, Antypas D. Precision Determination of Isotope Shifts in Ytterbium and Implications for New Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:073001. [PMID: 35244440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of isotope shifts for the five spinless Yb isotopes on the 6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}→5d6s ^{1}D_{2} transition using Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy. We combine these data with existing measurements on two transitions in Yb^{+} [Counts et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 123002 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.123002], where deviation from King-plot linearity showed hints of a new bosonic force carrier at the 3σ level. The combined data strongly reduce the significance of the new-physics signal. We show that the observed nonlinearity in the joint Yb/Yb^{+} King-plot analysis can be accounted for by the deformation of the Yb nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Figueroa
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - V V Flambaum
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - D Budker
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Antypas
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Tinsley JN, Bandarupally S, Penttinen JP, Manzoor S, Ranta S, Salvi L, Guina M, Poli N. Watt-level blue light for precision spectroscopy, laser cooling and trapping of strontium and cadmium atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25462-25476. [PMID: 34614877 DOI: 10.1364/oe.429898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-power and narrow-linewidth laser light is a vital tool for atomic physics, being used for example in laser cooling and trapping and precision spectroscopy. Here we produce Watt-level laser radiation at 457.75 nm and 460.86 nm of respective relevance for the cooling transitions of cadmium and strontium atoms. This is achieved via the frequency doubling of a kHz-linewidth vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), which is based on a novel gain chip design enabling lasing at > 2 W in the 915-928 nm region. Following an additional doubling stage, spectroscopy of the 1S0 → 1P1 cadmium transition at 228.87 nm is performed on an atomic beam, with all the transitions from all eight natural isotopes observed in a single continuous sweep of more than 4 GHz in the deep ultraviolet. The absolute value of the transition frequency of 114Cd and the isotope shifts relative to this transition are determined, with values for some of these shifts provided for the first time.
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Gogyan A, Tecmer P, Zawada M. Multi-reference ab initio calculations of Hg spectral data and analysis of magic and zero-magic wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8654-8665. [PMID: 33820308 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have identified magic wavelengths for 1S0 ↔ 3P1,2 (mJ = 0) transitions and zero-magic wavelengths for the 3P1,2 (mJ = 0) states of 200Hg atoms, analysed the robustness of the magic conditions with respect to wavelength and polarization imperfections. We show that the most experimentally feasible magic wavelength for the 1S0 ↔ 3P2 transition is 351.8 nm of π polarized light. Relevant transition wavelengths and transition strengths are calculated using the state-of-the-art Complete Active Space Self-Consistent-Field (CASSCF) method with a perturbative inclusion of spin-orbit coupling. The transition wavelengths are a posteriori corrected for the dynamical energy using the second-order perturbation theory.
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Counts I, Hur J, Aude Craik DPL, Jeon H, Leung C, Berengut JC, Geddes A, Kawasaki A, Jhe W, Vuletić V. Evidence for Nonlinear Isotope Shift in Yb^{+} Search for New Boson. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:123002. [PMID: 33016768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We measure isotope shifts for five Yb^{+} isotopes with zero nuclear spin on two narrow optical quadrupole transitions ^{2}S_{1/2}→^{2}D_{3/2}, ^{2}S_{1/2}→^{2}D_{5/2} with an accuracy of ∼300 Hz. The corresponding King plot shows a 3×10^{-7} deviation from linearity at the 3σ uncertainty level. Such a nonlinearity can indicate physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) in the form of a new bosonic force carrier, or arise from higher-order nuclear effects within the SM. We identify the quadratic field shift as a possible nuclear contributor to the nonlinearity at the observed scale, and show how the nonlinearity pattern can be used in future, more accurate measurements to separate a new-boson signal from nuclear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Counts
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Joonseok Hur
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Diana P L Aude Craik
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Honggi Jeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Calvin Leung
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Julian C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Amy Geddes
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Akio Kawasaki
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Heinz A, Park AJ, Šantić N, Trautmann J, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Bloch I, Blatt S. State-Dependent Optical Lattices for the Strontium Optical Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:203201. [PMID: 32501054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate state-dependent optical lattices for the Sr optical qubit at the tune-out wavelength for its ground state. We tightly trap excited state atoms while suppressing the effect of the lattice on ground state atoms by more than 4 orders of magnitude. This highly independent control over the qubit states removes inelastic excited state collisions as the main obstacle for quantum simulation and computation schemes based on the Sr optical qubit. Our results also reveal large discrepancies in the atomic data used to calibrate the largest systematic effect of Sr optical lattice clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heinz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - A J Park
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - N Šantić
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - J Trautmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S Blatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
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