1
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Du L, Barral P, Cantara M, de Hond J, Lu YK, Ketterle W. Atomic physics on a 50-nm scale: Realization of a bilayer system of dipolar atoms. Science 2024; 384:546-551. [PMID: 38696550 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Controlling ultracold atoms with laser light has greatly advanced quantum science. The wavelength of light sets a typical length scale for most experiments to the order of 500 nanometers (nm) or greater. In this work, we implemented a super-resolution technique that localizes and arranges atoms on a sub-50-nm scale, without any fundamental limit in resolution. We demonstrate this technique by creating a bilayer of dysprosium atoms and observing dipolar interactions between two physically separated layers through interlayer sympathetic cooling and coupled collective excitations. At 50-nm distance, dipolar interactions are 1000 times stronger than at 500 nm. For two atoms in optical tweezers, this should enable purely magnetic dipolar gates with kilohertz speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pierre Barral
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Cantara
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julius de Hond
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Vasquez AR, Mordini C, Vernière C, Stadler M, Malinowski M, Zhang C, Kienzler D, Mehta KK, Home JP. Control of an Atomic Quadrupole Transition in a Phase-Stable Standing Wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:133201. [PMID: 37067320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a single calcium ion confined in a surface-electrode trap, we study the interaction of electric quadrupole transitions with a passively phase-stable optical standing wave field sourced by photonics integrated within the trap. We characterize the optical fields through spatial mapping of the Rabi frequencies of both carrier and motional sideband transitions as well as ac Stark shifts. Our measurements demonstrate the ability to engineer favorable combinations of sideband and carrier Rabi frequency as well as ac Stark shifts for specific tasks in quantum state control and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmelo Mordini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Vernière
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Malinowski
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kienzler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karan K Mehta
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Khazali M, Lechner W. Scalable quantum processors empowered by the Fermi scattering of Rydberg electrons. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2023; 6:57. [PMID: 38665413 PMCID: PMC11041703 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Quantum computing promises exponential speed-up compared to its classical counterpart. While the neutral atom processors are the pioneering platform in terms of scalability, the dipolar Rydberg gates impose the main bottlenecks on the scaling of these devices. This article presents an alternative scheme for neutral atom quantum processing, based on the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms in spin-dependent lattice geometries. Instead of relying on Rydberg pair-potentials, the interaction is controlled by engineering the electron cloud of a sole Rydberg atom. The present scheme addresses the scaling obstacles in Rydberg processors by exponentially suppressing the population of short-lived states and by operating in ultra-dense atomic lattices. The restoring forces in molecule type Rydberg-Fermi potential preserve the trapping over a long interaction period. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates different competing infidelity criteria, eliminates unwanted cross-talks, and significantly suppresses the operation depth in running complicated quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsadegh Khazali
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19395-5531 Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547 Tehran, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Parity Quantum Computing GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Deist E, Gerber JA, Lu YH, Zeiher J, Stamper-Kurn DM. Superresolution Microscopy of Optical Fields Using Tweezer-Trapped Single Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:083201. [PMID: 35275676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We realize a scanning probe microscope using single trapped ^{87}Rb atoms to measure optical fields with subwavelength spatial resolution. Our microscope operates by detecting fluorescence from a single atom driven by near-resonant light and determining the ac Stark shift of an atomic transition from other local optical fields via the change in the fluorescence rate. We benchmark the microscope by measuring two standing-wave Gaussian modes of a Fabry-Pérot resonator with optical wavelengths of 1560 and 781 nm. We attain a spatial resolution of 300 nm, which is superresolving compared to the limit set by the 780 nm wavelength of the detected light. Sensitivity to short length scale features is enhanced by adapting the sensor to characterize an optical field via the force it exerts on the atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Justin A Gerber
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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5
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Fraxanet J, González-Cuadra D, Pfau T, Lewenstein M, Langen T, Barbiero L. Topological Quantum Critical Points in the Extended Bose-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:043402. [PMID: 35148131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of topology and quantum criticality can give rise to an exotic mix of counterintuitive effects. Here, we show that unexpected topological properties take place in a paradigmatic strongly correlated Hamiltonian: the 1D extended Bose-Hubbard model. In particular, we reveal the presence of two distinct topological quantum critical points with localized edge states and gapless bulk excitations. Our results show that the topological critical points separate two phases, one topologically protected and the other topologically trivial, both characterized by a long-range ordered string correlation function. The long-range order persists also at the topological critical points and explains the presence of localized edge states protected by a finite charge gap. Finally, we introduce a superresolution quantum gas microscopy scheme for dipolar dysprosium atoms, which provides a reliable route towards the experimental study of topological quantum critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fraxanet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Cuadra
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tilman Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Langen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca Barbiero
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy
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6
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Qian ZH, Cui JM, Luo XW, Zheng YX, Huang YF, Ai MZ, He R, Li CF, Guo GC. Super-resolved Imaging of a Single Cold Atom on a Nanosecond Timescale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263603. [PMID: 35029497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cold atomic systems, fast and high-resolution microscopy of individual atoms is crucial, since it can provide direct information on the dynamics and correlations of the system. Here, we demonstrate nanosecond-scale two-dimensional stroboscopic pictures of a single trapped ion beyond the optical diffraction limit, by combining the main idea of ground-state depletion microscopy with quantum-state transition control in cold atoms. We achieve a spatial resolution up to 175 nm using a NA=0.1 objective in the experiment, which represents a more than tenfold improvement compared with direct fluorescence imaging. To show the potential of this method, we apply it to observe the secular motion of the trapped ion; we demonstrate a temporal resolution up to 50 ns with a displacement detection sensitivity of 10 nm. Our method provides a powerful tool for probing particle positions, momenta, and correlations, as well as their dynamics in cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin-Ming Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xi-Wang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ran He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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7
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Drechsler M, Wolf S, Schmiegelow CT, Schmidt-Kaler F. Optical Superresolution Sensing of a Trapped Ion's Wave Packet Size. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:143602. [PMID: 34652202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate superresolution optical sensing of the size of the wave packet of a single trapped ion. Our method extends the well-known ground state depletion (GSD) technique to the coherent regime. Here, we use a hollow beam to strongly saturate a coherently driven dipole-forbidden transition around a subdiffraction limited area at its center and observe state dependent fluorescence. By spatially scanning this laser beam over a single trapped ^{40}Ca^{+} ion, we are able to measure the wave packet sizes of cooled ions. Using a depletion beam waist of 4.2(1) μm we reach a spatial resolution which allows us to determine a wave packet size of 39(9) nm for a near ground state cooled ion. This value matches an independently deduced value of 32(2) nm, calculated from resolved sideband spectroscopy measurements. Finally, we discuss the ultimate resolution limits of our adapted GSD imaging technique in view of applications to direct quantum wave packet imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Drechsler
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, UBA CONICET, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian T Schmiegelow
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, UBA CONICET, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Quantum gas magnifier for sub-lattice-resolved imaging of 3D quantum systems. Nature 2021; 599:571-575. [PMID: 34819679 PMCID: PMC8612934 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imaging is central to gaining microscopic insight into physical systems, and new microscopy methods have always led to the discovery of new phenomena and a deeper understanding of them. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide a quantum simulation platform, featuring a variety of advanced detection tools including direct optical imaging while pinning the atoms in the lattice1,2. However, this approach suffers from the diffraction limit, high optical density and small depth of focus, limiting it to two-dimensional (2D) systems. Here we introduce an imaging approach where matter wave optics magnifies the density distribution before optical imaging, allowing 2D sub-lattice-spacing resolution in three-dimensional (3D) systems. By combining the site-resolved imaging with magnetic resonance techniques for local addressing of individual lattice sites, we demonstrate full accessibility to 2D local information and manipulation in 3D systems. We employ the high-resolution images for precision thermodynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices as well as studies of thermalization dynamics driven by thermal hopping. The sub-lattice resolution is demonstrated via quench dynamics within the lattice sites. The method opens the path for spatially resolved studies of new quantum many-body regimes, including exotic lattice geometries or sub-wavelength lattices3-6, and paves the way for single-atom-resolved imaging of atomic species, where efficient laser cooling or deep optical traps are not available, but which substantially enrich the toolbox of quantum simulation of many-body systems.
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9
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Meng Y, Liedl C, Pucher S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Imaging and Localizing Individual Atoms Interfaced with a Nanophotonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:053603. [PMID: 32794877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single particle-resolved fluorescence imaging is an enabling technology in cold-atom physics. However, so far, this technique has not been available for nanophotonic atom-light interfaces. Here, we image single atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using an optical nanofiber. Near-resonant light is scattered off the atoms and imaged while counteracting heating mechanisms via degenerate Raman cooling. We detect trapped atoms within 150 ms and record image sequences of given atoms. Building on our technique, we perform two experiments which are conditioned on the number and position of the nanofiber-trapped atoms. We measure the transmission of nanofiber-guided resonant light and verify its exponential scaling in the few-atom limit, in accordance with Beer-Lambert's law. Moreover, depending on the interatomic distance, we observe interference of the fields that two simultaneously trapped atoms emit into the nanofiber. The demonstrated technique enables postselection and possible feedback schemes and thereby opens the road toward a new generation of experiments in quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Pucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Chu Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Cai J. Quantum Sensing with a Single-Qubit Pseudo-Hermitian System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:020501. [PMID: 32004038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum sensing exploits the fundamental features of a quantum system to achieve highly efficient measurement of physical quantities. Here, we propose a strategy to realize a single-qubit pseudo-Hermitian sensor from a dilated two-qubit Hermitian system. The pseudo-Hermitian sensor exhibits divergent susceptibility in a dynamical evolution that does not necessarily involve an exceptional point. We demonstrate its potential advantages to overcome noises that cannot be averaged out by repetitive measurements. The proposal is feasible with the state-of-art experimental capability in a variety of qubit systems, and represents a step towards the application of non-Hermitian physics in quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Chu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Physics, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Bienias P, Subhankar S, Wang Y, Tsui TC, Jendrzejewski F, Tiecke T, Juzeliūnas G, Jiang L, Rolston SL, Porto JV, Gorshkov AV. Coherent optical nanotweezers for ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.013306. [PMID: 33344798 PMCID: PMC7745712 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.013306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There has been a recent surge of interest and progress in creating subwavelength free-space optical potentials for ultracold atoms. A key open question is whether geometric potentials, which are repulsive and ubiquitous in the creation of subwavelength free-space potentials, forbid the creation of narrow traps with long lifetimes. Here, we show that it is possible to create such traps. We propose two schemes for realizing subwavelength traps and demonstrate their superiority over existing proposals. We analyze the lifetime of atoms in such traps and show that long-lived bound states are possible. This work allows for subwavelength control and manipulation of ultracold matter, with applications in quantum chemistry and quantum simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F. Jendrzejewski
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Tiecke
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G. Juzeliūnas
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L. Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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12
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Tsui TC, Wang Y, Subhankar S, Porto JV, Rolston SL. Realization of a stroboscopic optical lattice for cold atoms with subwavelength spacing. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 101:10.1103/physreva.101.041603. [PMID: 35528197 PMCID: PMC9074761 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.101.041603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical lattices are typically created via the ac Stark shift and are limited by diffraction to periodicities ⩾ λ/2, where λ is the wavelength of light used to create them. Lattices with smaller periodicities may be useful for many-body physics with cold atoms and can be generated by stroboscopic application of a phase-shifted lattice with subwavelength features. Here we demonstrate a λ/4-spaced lattice by stroboscopically applying optical Kronig-Penney-like potentials which are generated using spatially dependent dark states. We directly probe the periodicity of the λ/4-spaced lattice by measuring the average probability density of the atoms loaded into the ground band of the lattice. We measure lifetimes of atoms in this lattice and discuss the mechanisms that limit the applicability of this stroboscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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13
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Subhankar S, Bienias P, Titum P, Tsui TC, Wang Y, Gorshkov AV, Rolston SL, Porto JV. Floquet engineering of optical lattices with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2019; 21:10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f. [PMID: 38903249 PMCID: PMC11187970 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ab500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Floquet engineering or coherent time periodic driving of quantum systems has been successfully used to synthesize Hamiltonians with novel properties. In ultracold atomic systems, this has led to experimental realizations of artificial gauge fields, topological band structures, and observation of dynamical localization, to name just a few. Here we present a Floquet-based framework to stroboscopically engineer Hamiltonians with spatial features and periodicity below the diffraction limit of light used to create them, by time-averaging over various configurations of a 1D optical Kronig-Penney (KP) lattice. The KP potential is a lattice of narrow subwavelength barriers spaced by half the optical wavelength ( λ / 2 ) and arises from the nonlinear optical response of the atomic dark state. Stroboscopic control over the strength and position of this lattice requires time-dependent adiabatic manipulation of the dark-state spin composition. We investigate adiabaticity requirements, and shape our time-dependent light fields to respect these requirements. We apply this framework to show that a λ / 4 -spaced lattice can be synthesized using realistic experimental parameters. As an example, we discuss mechanisms that limit lifetimes in these lattices, explore candidate systems with their limitations, and study adiabatic loading into the ground band of these lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Subhankar
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - P. Titum
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - T-C. Tsui
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - A. V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - S. L. Rolston
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - J. V. Porto
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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