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Edula SR, Hand LC, Roberts PM, Beasley E, Snider JL, Kemerait RC, Chee PW, Bag S. Characterization of Caulimovirid-like Sequences from Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Exhibiting Terminal Abortion in Georgia, USA. Viruses 2024; 16:1111. [PMID: 39066273 PMCID: PMC11281623 DOI: 10.3390/v16071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) in the development of apical tissue necrosis, resulting in the terminal abortion of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Georgia. The high-throughput sequence analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic plant tissue samples revealed near-complete EVE-Georgia (EVE-GA) sequences closely related to caulimoviruses. The analysis of EVE-GA's putative open reading frames (ORFs) compared to cotton virus A and endogenous cotton pararetroviral elements (eCPRVE) revealed their similarity in putative ORFs 1-4. However, in the ORF 5 and ORF 6 encoding putative coat protein and reverse transcriptase, respectively, the sequences from EVE-GA have stop codons similar to eCPRVE sequences from Mississippi. In silico mining of the cotton genome database using EVE-GA as a query uncovered near-complete viral sequence insertions in the genomes of G. hirsutum species (~7 kb) but partial in G. tomentosum (~5.3 kb) and G. mustelinum (~5.1 kb) species. Furthermore, cotton EVEs' episomal forms and messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts were detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants collected from cotton fields. No significant yield difference was observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic plants of the two varieties evaluated in the experimental plot. Additionally, EVEs were also detected in cotton seeds and seedlings. This study emphasizes the need for future research on EVE sequences, their coding capacity, and any potential role in host immunity or pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra R. Edula
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Lavesta C. Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | | | - Edward Beasley
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Robert C. Kemerait
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Peng W. Chee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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Mushegian AR, Elena SF. Evolution of plant virus movement proteins from the 30K superfamily and of their homologs integrated in plant genomes. Virology 2015; 476:304-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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