1
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Banu MSA, Huda KMK, Harun-Ur-Rashid M, Parveen S, Tuteja N. A DEAD box helicase Psp68 positively regulates salt stress responses in marker-free transgenic rice plants. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:293-304. [PMID: 37247124 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Helicases are the motor proteins not only involved in transcriptional and post-transcription process but also provide abiotic stress tolerance in many crops. The p68, belong to the SF2 (DEAD-box helicase) family proteins and overexpression of Psp68 providing enhanced tolerance to transgenic rice plants. In this study, salinity tolerant marker-free transgenic rice has been developed by overexpressing Psp68 gene and phenotypically characterized. The Psp68 overexpressing marker-free transgenic rice plants were initially screened in the rooting medium containing salt stress and 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Stable integration and overexpression of Psp68 in marker-free transgenic lines were confirmed by molecular analyses including PCR, southern, western blot, and qRT-PCR analyses. The marker-free transgenic lines showed enhanced tolerance to salinity stress as displayed by early seed germination, higher chlorophyll content, reduced necrosis, more survival rate, improved seedling growth and more grain yield per plant. Furthermore, Psp68 overexpressing marker-free transgenics also accumulated less Na+ and higher K+ ions in the presence of salinity stress. Phenotypic analyses also revealed that marker-free transgenic rice lines efficiently scavenge ROS-mediated damages as displayed by lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde content, delayed electrolyte leakage, higher photosynthetic efficiency, membrane stability, proline content and enhanced activities of antioxidants enzymes. Overall, our results confirmed that Psp68 overexpression confers salinity stress tolerance in marker-free transgenics, hence the technique could be utilized to develop genetically modified crops without any biosafety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sufara Akhter Banu
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kazi Md Kamrul Huda
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Md Harun-Ur-Rashid
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shahanaz Parveen
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
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2
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Singh R, Kaur N, Praba UP, Kaur G, Tanin MJ, Kumar P, Neelam K, Sandhu JS, Vikal Y. A Prospective Review on Selectable Marker-Free Genome Engineered Rice: Past, Present and Future Scientific Realm. Front Genet 2022; 13:882836. [PMID: 35754795 PMCID: PMC9219106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.882836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a staple food crop, rice has gained mainstream attention in genome engineering for its genetic improvement. Genome engineering technologies such as transgenic and genome editing have enabled the significant improvement of target traits in relation to various biotic and abiotic aspects as well as nutrition, for which genetic diversity is lacking. In comparison to conventional breeding, genome engineering techniques are more precise and less time-consuming. However, one of the major issues with biotech rice commercialization is the utilization of selectable marker genes (SMGs) in the vector construct, which when incorporated into the genome are considered to pose risks to human health, the environment, and biodiversity, and thus become a matter of regulation. Various conventional strategies (co-transformation, transposon, recombinase systems, and MAT-vector) have been used in rice to avoid or remove the SMG from the developed events. However, the major limitations of these methods are; time-consuming, leftover cryptic sequences in the genome, and there is variable frequency. In contrast to these methods, CRISPR/Cas9-based marker excision, marker-free targeted gene insertion, programmed self-elimination, and RNP-based delivery enable us to generate marker-free engineered rice plants precisely and in less time. Although the CRISPR/Cas9-based SMG-free approaches are in their early stages, further research and their utilization in rice could help to break the regulatory barrier in its commercialization. In the current review, we have discussed the limitations of traditional methods followed by advanced techniques. We have also proposed a hypothesis, “DNA-free marker-less transformation” to overcome the regulatory barriers posed by SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Umesh Preethi Praba
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurwinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Mohammad Jafar Tanin
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kumari Neelam
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Sandhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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3
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Sharma A, Chouhan A, Bhatt T, Kaur A, Minhas AP. Selectable Markers to Marker-Free Selection in Rice. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Li X, Pan L, Bi D, Tian X, Li L, Xu Z, Wang L, Zou X, Gao X, Yang H, Qu H, Zhao X, Yuan Z, He H, Qu S. Generation of Marker-Free Transgenic Rice Resistant to Rice Blast Disease Using Ac/Ds Transposon-Mediated Transgene Reintegration System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644437. [PMID: 33959140 PMCID: PMC8095379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast is one of the most serious diseases of rice and a major threat to rice production. Breeding disease-resistant rice is one of the most economical, safe, and effective measures for the control of rice blast. As a complement to traditional crop breeding, the transgenic method can avoid the time-consuming process of crosses and multi-generation selection. In this study, maize (Zea mays) Activator (Ac)/Dissociation (Ds) transposon vectors carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (mCherry) genetic markers were used for generating marker-free transgenic rice. Double fluorescent protein-aided counterselection against the presence of T-DNA was performed together with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based positive selection for the gene of interest (GOI) to screen marker-free progeny. We cloned an RNAi expression cassette of the rice Pi21 gene that negatively regulates resistance to rice blast as a GOI into the Ds element in the Ac/Ds vector and obtained marker-free T1 rice plants from 13 independent transgenic lines. Marker-free and Ds/GOI-homozygous rice lines were verified by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis to be completely free of transgenic markers and T-DNA sequences. qRT-PCR analysis and rice blast disease inoculation confirmed that the marker-free transgenic rice lines exhibited decreased Pi21 expression levels and increased resistance to rice blast. TAIL-PCR results showed that the Ds (Pi21-RNAi) transgenes in two rice lines were reintegrated in intergenic regions in the rice genome. The Ac/Ds vector with dual fluorescent protein markers offers more reliable screening of marker-free transgenic progeny and can be utilized in the transgenic breeding of rice disease resistance and other agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dongling Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xudan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaomeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohong Qu, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-122X
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Wang N, Arling M, Hoerster G, Ryan L, Wu E, Lowe K, Gordon-Kamm W, Jones TJ, Chilcoat ND, Anand A. An Efficient Gene Excision System in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1298. [PMID: 32983193 PMCID: PMC7492568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Use of the morphogenic genes Baby Boom (Bbm) and Wuschel2 (Wus2), along with new ternary constructs, has increased the genotype range and the type of explants that can be used for maize transformation. Further optimizing the expression pattern for Bbm/Wus2 has resulted in rapid maize transformation methods that are faster and applicable to a broader range of inbreds. However, expression of Bbm/Wus2 can compromise the quality of regenerated plants, leading to sterility. We reasoned excising morphogenic genes after transformation but before regeneration would increase production of fertile T0 plants. We developed a method that uses an inducible site-specific recombinase (Cre) to excise morphogenic genes. The use of developmentally regulated promoters, such as Ole, Glb1, End2, and Ltp2, to drive Cre enabled excision of morphogenic genes in early embryo development and produced excised events at a rate of 25-100%. A different strategy utilizing an excision-activated selectable marker produced excised events at a rate of 53-68%; however, the transformation frequency was lower (13-50%). The use of inducible heat shock promoters (e.g. Hsp17.7, Hsp26) to express Cre, along with improvements in tissue culture conditions and construct design, resulted in high frequencies of T0 transformation (29-69%), excision (50-97%), usable quality events (4-15%), and few escapes (non-transgenic; 14-17%) in three elite maize inbreds. Transgenic events produced by this method are free of morphogenic and marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ajith Anand
- Crop Genome Engineering, Applied Science and Technology, Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA, United States
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6
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Low Long Terminal Repeat (LTR)-Retrotransposon Expression in Leaves of the Marine Phanerogam Posidonia Oceanica L. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10030030. [PMID: 32213979 PMCID: PMC7151569 DOI: 10.3390/life10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seagrasses as Posidonia oceanica reproduce mostly by vegetative propagation, which can reduce genetic variability within populations. Since, in clonally propagated species, insurgence of genetic variability can be determined by the activity of transposable elements, we have estimated the activity of such repeat elements by measuring their expression level in the leaves of plants from a Mediterranean site, for which Illumina complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence reads (produced from RNAs isolated by leaves of plants from deep and shallow meadows) were publicly available. Firstly, we produced a collection of retrotransposon-related sequences and then mapped Illumina cDNA reads onto these sequences. With this approach, it was evident that Posidonia retrotransposons are, in general, barely expressed; only nine elements resulted transcribed at levels comparable with those of reference genes encoding tubulins and actins. Differences in transcript abundance were observed according to the superfamily and the lineage to which the retrotransposons belonged. Only small differences were observed between retrotransposon expression levels in leaves of shallow and deep Posidonia meadow stands, whereas one TAR/Tork element resulted differentially expressed in deep plants exposed to heat. It can be concluded that, in P. oceanica, the contribution of retrotransposon activity to genetic variability is reduced, although the nine specific active elements could actually produce new structural variations.
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7
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Mascagni F, Vangelisti A, Usai G, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Natali L. A computational genome-wide analysis of long terminal repeats retrotransposon expression in sunflower roots (Helianthus annuus L.). Genetica 2020; 148:13-23. [PMID: 31960179 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons have a major role in determining genome size, structure and function, thanks to their ability to transpose. We performed a meta-analysis of LTR-retrotransposon expression in roots of sunflower plantlets treated with different plant hormones, chemicals and NaCl. By using Illumina cDNA libraries, available from public repositories, we measured the number of reads matching the retrotranscriptase domains isolated from a whole genome library of retrotransposons. LTR-retrotransposons resulted in general barely expressed, except for 4 elements, all belonging to the AleII lineage, which showed high transcription levels in roots of both control and treated plants. The expression of retrotransposons in treated plants was slightly higher than in the control. Transcribed elements belonged to specific chromosomal loci and were not abundant in the genome. A few elements resulted differentially expressed depending on the treatment. Results suggest that, although most retrotransposons are not expressed, the transcription of such elements is related to their abundance, to their position in the chromosome and to their lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mascagni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Usai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Natali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Du D, Jin R, Guo J, Zhang F. Construction of Marker-Free Genetically Modified Maize Using a Heat-Inducible Auto-Excision Vector. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050374. [PMID: 31108922 PMCID: PMC6562874 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modification is a promising tool for plant breeding, and gradual application from the laboratory to the field. Selectable marker genes (SMG) are required in the transformation process to simplify the identification of transgenic plants; however, it is more desirable to obtain transgenic plants without selection markers. Transgene integration mediated by site-specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. Here, we present an auto-elimination vector system that uses a heat-inducible Cre to eliminate the selectable marker from transgenic maize, without the need for repeated transformation or sexual crossing. The vector combines an inducible site-specific recombinase (hsp70::Cre) that allows for the precise elimination of the selectable marker gene egfp upon heating. This marker gene is used for the initial positive selection of transgenic tissue. The egfp also functions as a visual marker to demonstrate the effectiveness of the heat-inducible Cre. A second marker gene for anthocyanin pigmentation (Rsc) is located outside of the region eliminated by Cre and is used for the identification of transgenic offspring in future generations. Using the heat-inducible auto-excision vector, marker-free transgenic maize plants were obtained in a precisely controlled genetic modification process. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the inducible auto-excision system was tightly controlled, with highly efficient DNA excision, and provided a highly reliable method to generate marker-free transgenic maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxiang Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ruchang Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jinjie Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fangdong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Nie Q, Qiao G, Peng L, Wen X. Transcriptional activation of long terminal repeat retrotransposon sequences in the genome of pitaya under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:460-468. [PMID: 30497974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Frequent somatic variations exist in pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) plants grown under abiotic stress conditions. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons can be activated under stressful conditions and play key roles in plant genetic variation and evolution. However, whether LTR retrotransposons promotes pitaya somatic variations by regulating abiotic stress responses is still uncertain. In this study, transcriptionally active LTR retrotransposons were identified in pitaya after exposure to a number of stress factors, including in vitro culturing, osmotic changes, extreme temperatures and hormone treatments. In total, 26 LTR retrotransposon reverse transcriptase (RT) cDNA sequences were isolated and identified as belonging to 9 Ty1-copia and 4 Ty3-gypsy families. Several RT cDNA sequences had differing similarity levels with RTs from pitaya genomic DNA and other plant species, and were differentially expressed in pitaya under various stress conditions. LTR retrotransposons accounted for at least 13.07% of the pitaya genome. HuTy1P4 had a high copy number and low expression level in young stems of pitaya, and its expression level increased after exposure to hormones and abiotic stresses, including in vitro culturing, osmotic changes, cold and heat. HuTy1P4 may have been subjected to diverse transposon events in 13 pitaya plantlets successively subcultured for four cycles. Thus, the expression levels of these retrotransposons in pitaya were associated with stress responses and may be involved in the occurrence of the somaclonal variation in pitaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Lei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
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10
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Moin M, Bakshi A, Madhav MS, Kirti PB. Cas9/sgRNA-based genome editing and other reverse genetic approaches for functional genomic studies in rice. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 17:339-351. [PMID: 29579147 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/ely010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the important and direct ways of investigating the function of a gene is to characterize the phenotypic consequences associated with loss or gain-of-function of the corresponding gene. These mutagenesis strategies have been successfully deployed in Arabidopsis, and subsequently extended to crop species including rice. Researchers have made vast advancements in the area of rice genomics and functional genomics, as it is a diploid plant with a relatively smaller genome size unlike other cereals. The advent of rice genome research and the annotation of high-quality genome sequencing along with the developments in databases and computer searches have enabled the functional characterization of unknown genes in rice. Further, with the improvements in the efficiency of regeneration and transformation protocols, it has now become feasible to produce sizable mutant populations in indica rice varieties also. In this review, various mutagenesis methods, the current status of the mutant resources, limitations and strengths of insertional mutagenesis approaches and also results obtained with suitable screens for stress tolerance in rice are discussed. In addition, targeted genome editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) or Cas9/single-guide RNA system and its potential applications in generating transgene-free rice plants through genome engineering as an efficient alternative to classical transgenic technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazahar Moin
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), India
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Achala Bakshi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - M S Madhav
- Department of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), India
| | - P B Kirti
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Xu M, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Yin H, Peng X, Cheng Z, Yang Z, Zheng J. Production of Marker-free Transgenic Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with Improved Nutritive Quality Expressing AmA1. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 15:102-110. [PMID: 29845057 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rice seed proteins are lacking essential amino acids (EAAs). Genetic engineering offers a fast and sustainable method to solve this problem as it allows the specific expression of heterologous EAA-rich proteins. The use of selectable marker gene is essential for generation of transgenic crops, but might also lead to potential environmental and food safety problems. Therefore, the production of marker-free transgenic crops is becoming an extremely attractive alternative and could contribute to the public acceptance of transgenic crops. Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine whether AmA1 can be expressed specifically in rice seeds, and generate marker-free transgenic rice with improved nutritive value. Materials and Methods:AmA1 was transferred into rice using Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation system with a twin T-DNA binary vector and its integration in rice genome was confirmed by southern blot. Transcription of AmA1 was analyzed by Real-Time PCR and its expression was verified by western analysis. Protein and amino acid content were measured by the Kjeldahl method and the high-speed amino acid analyzer, respectively. Results: Five selectable marker-free homozygous transgenic lines were obtained from the progeny. The expression of recombinant AmA1 was confirmed by the observation of a 35 kDa band in SDS-PAGE and western blot. Compared to the wild-type control, the total protein contents in the seeds of five homozygous lines were increased by 1.06~12.87%. In addition, the content of several EAAs, including lysine, threonine, and valine was increased significantly in the best expressing line. Conclusions: The results indicated that the amino acid composition of rice grain could be improved by seed-specific expression of AmA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Hengjie Yin
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Peng
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Zuxin Cheng
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
| | - Jingui Zheng
- Crop Quality Institute, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R. China
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12
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Liu X, Xie C, Si H, Yang J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in plants. Methods 2017; 121-122:94-102. [PMID: 28315486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of the world's population on agriculture necessitates the development of more robust crops. As the amount of information from sequenced crop genomes increases, technology can be used to investigate the function of genes in detail and to design improved crops at the molecular level. Recently, an RNA-programmed genome-editing system composed of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-encoded guide RNA and the nuclease Cas9 has provided a powerful platform to achieve these goals. By combining versatile tools to study and modify plants at different molecular levels, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is paving the way towards a new horizon for basic research and crop development. In this review, the accomplishments, problems and improvements of this technology in plants, including target sequence cleavage, knock-in/gene replacement, transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modification, off-target effects, delivery system and potential applications, will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Liu
- TianJin Crops Research Institute, China.
| | - Chuanxiao Xie
- Institute of Crop Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Life Science and Technology, GanSu Agricultural University, China.
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13
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Bhalla PL, Sharma A, Singh MB. Enabling Molecular Technologies for Trait Improvement in Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1679:3-24. [PMID: 28913791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7337-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is the major staple food crop and a source of calories for humans worldwide. A steady increase in the wheat production is essential to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population and to achieve food security. The large size and structurally intricate genome of polyploid wheat had hindered the genomic analysis. However, with the advent of new genomic technologies such as next generation sequencing has led to genome drafts for bread wheat and its progenitors and has paved the way to design new strategies for crop improvement. Here we provide an overview of the advancements made in wheat genomics together with the available "omics approaches" and bioinformatics resources developed for wheat research. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in the phenotypic and genomic selection and gene transfer. The contemporary reverse genetics approaches, including the novel genome editing techniques to inform targeted manipulation of a single/multiple genes and strategies for generating marker-free transgenic wheat plants, emphasize potential to revolutionize wheat improvement shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem L Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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14
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Ge J, Wang L, Yang C, Ran L, Wen M, Fu X, Fan D, Luo K. Intein-mediated Cre protein assembly for transgene excision in hybrid progeny of transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2045-2053. [PMID: 27324752 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An approach for restoring recombination activity of complementation split-Cre was developed to excise the transgene in hybrid progeny of GM crops. Growing concerns about the biosafety of genetically modified (GM) crops has currently become a limited factor affecting the public acceptance. Several approaches have been developed to generate selectable-marker-gene-free GM crops. However, no strategy was reported to be broadly applicable to hybrid crops. Previous studies have demonstrated that complementation split-Cre recombinase restored recombination activity in transgenic plants. In this study, we found that split-Cre mediated by split-intein Synechocystis sp. DnaE had high recombination efficiency when Cre recombinase was split at Asp232/Asp233 (866 bp). Furthermore, we constructed two plant expression vectors, pCA-NCre-In and pCA-Ic-CCre, containing NCre866-In and Ic-CCre866 fragments, respectively. After transformation, parent lines of transgenic Arabidopsis with one single copy were generated and used for hybridization. The results of GUS staining demonstrated that the recombination activity of split-Cre could be reassembled in these hybrid progeny of transgenic plants through hybridization and the foreign genes flanked by two loxP sites were efficiently excised. Our strategy may provide an effective approach for generating the next generation of GM hybrid crops without biosafety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ge
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingyu Ran
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mengling Wen
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xianan Fu
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Di Fan
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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15
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Ling F, Zhou F, Chen H, Lin Y. Development of Marker-Free Insect-Resistant Indica Rice by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Co-transformation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1608. [PMID: 27833629 PMCID: PMC5081342 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation is an efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic plants. In this study, the vectors pMF-2A∗ containing a synthetic cry2A∗ gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter and pCAMBIA1301 harboring hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were introduced into Minghui86 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica), an elite indica restorer line. Two independent transformants containing both the cry2A∗ gene and hpt gene were regenerated. Several homozygous marker-free transgenic progenies were derived from family 2AH2, and three of them were selected for further insect bioassay in the laboratory and field. Insect-resistance assays revealed that all the three transgenic lines were highly resistant to striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), yellow stem borer (Tryporyza incertulas) and rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). The measurement of Cry2A protein concentration showed that Cry2A protein was stably expressed in leaves and stems of homozygous transgenic lines and their hybrids. The yields of the marker-free homozygous transgenic lines and their hybrids were not significantly different from those of their corresponding controls. Furthermore, the results of flanking sequence isolation showed that the T-DNA in line 8-30 was integrated into the intergenic region of chromosome 2 (between Os02g43680 and Os02g43690). These results indicate that the marker-free transgenic rice has the potential for commercial production.
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