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Yang M, Umer MJ, Wang H, Han J, Han J, Liu Q, Zheng J, Cai X, Hou Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Khan MKR, Ditta A, Liu F, Zhou Z. Decoding the guardians of cotton resilience: A comprehensive exploration of the βCA genes and its role in Verticillium dahliae resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14113. [PMID: 38148227 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant Carbonic anhydrases (Cas) have been shown to be stress-responsive enzymes that may play a role in adapting to adverse conditions. Cotton is a significant economic crop in China, with upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) being the most widely cultivated species. We conducted genome-wide identification of the βCA gene in six cotton species and preliminary analysis of the βCA gene in upland cotton. In total, 73 βCA genes from six cotton species were identified, with phylogenetic analysis dividing them into five subgroups. GHβCA proteins were predominantly localized in the chloroplast and cytoplasm. The genes exhibited conserved motifs, with motifs 1, 2, and 3 being prominent. GHβCA genes were unevenly distributed across chromosomes and were associated with stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, including those responding to light, MeJA, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, cell cycle regulation, and defence/stress. Expression analysis indicated that GHβCA6, GHβCA7, GHβCA10, GHβCA15, and GHβCA16 were highly expressed under various abiotic stress conditions, whereas GHβCA3, GHβCA9, GHβCA10, and GHβCA18 had higher expression patterns under Verticillium dahliae infection at different time intervals. In Gossypium thurberi, GthβCA1, GthβCA2, and GthβCA4 showed elevated expression across stress conditions and tissues. Silencing GHβCA10 through VIGS increased Verticillium wilt severity and reduced lignin deposition compared to non-silenced plants. GHβCA10 is crucial for cotton's defense against Verticillium dahliae. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to enhance resistance against Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Heng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Jiale Han
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiangping Han
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
| | | | - Allah Ditta
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan, China
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2
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Wang L, Zhang J, Wang R, Huang Z, Cui R, Zhu H, Yang Y, Zhang D. Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression analysis of carbonic anhydrases genes in soybean (Glycine max). Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:37. [PMID: 36639600 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), as zinc metalloenzymes, are ubiquitous in nature and play essential roles in diverse biological processes. Although CAs have been broadly explored and studied, comprehensive characteristics of CA gene family members in the soybean (Glycine max) are still lacking. A total of 35 CA genes (GmCAs) were identified; they distributed on sixteen chromosomes of the soybean genome and can be divided into three subfamilies (α-type, β-type, and γ-type). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the specific GmCA gene subfamily or clade exhibited similar characteristics and that segmental duplications took the major role in generating new GmCAs. Furthermore, the synteny and evolutionary constraints analyses of CAs among soybean and distinct species provided more detailed evidence for GmCA gene family evolution. Cis-element analysis of promoter indicated that GmCAs may be responsive to abiotic stress and regulate photosynthesis. Moreover, the expression patterns of GmCAs varied in different tissues at diverse developmental stages in soybean. Additionally, we found that eight representative GmCAs may be involved in the response of soybean to low phosphorus stress. The systematic investigation of the GmCA gene family in this study will provide a valuable basis for further functional research on soybean CA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhongwen Huang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ruifan Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongqing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuming Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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3
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Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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4
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DiMario RJ, Giuliani R, Ubierna N, Slack AD, Cousins AB, Studer AJ. Lack of leaf carbonic anhydrase activity eliminates the C 4 carbon-concentrating mechanism requiring direct diffusion of CO 2 into bundle sheath cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1382-1397. [PMID: 35233800 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) performs the first enzymatic step of C4 photosynthesis by catalysing the reversible hydration of dissolved CO2 that diffuses into mesophyll cells from intercellular airspaces. This CA-catalysed reaction provides the bicarbonate used by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to generate products that flow into the C4 carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM). It was previously demonstrated that the Zea mays ca1ca2 double mutant lost 97% of leaf CA activity, but there was little difference in the growth phenotype under ambient CO2 partial pressures (pCO2 ). We hypothesise that since CAs are among the fastest enzymes, minimal activity from a third CA, CA8, can provide the inorganic carbon needed to drive C4 photosynthesis. We observed that removing CA8 from the maize ca1ca2 background resulted in plants that had 0.2% of wild-type leaf CA activity. These ca1ca2ca8 plants had reduced photosynthetic parameters and could only survive at elevated pCO2 . Photosynthetic and carbon isotope analysis combined with modelling of photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination was used to determine if ca1ca2ca8 plants had a functional C4 cycle or were relying on direct CO2 diffusion to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase within bundle sheath cells. The results suggest that leaf CA activity in ca1ca2ca8 plants was not sufficient to sustain the C4 CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J DiMario
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rita Giuliani
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron D Slack
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony J Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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5
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Lo SF, Chatterjee J, Biswal AK, Liu IL, Chang YP, Chen PJ, Wanchana S, Elmido-Mabilangan A, Nepomuceno RA, Bandyopadhyay A, Hsing YI, Quick WP. Closer vein spacing by ectopic expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins in rice leaves. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:319-335. [PMID: 34837515 PMCID: PMC8850240 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins led to closer vein spacing and higher vein density in rice leaves. To feed the growing global population and mitigate the negative effects of climate change, there is a need to improve the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency of major crops such as rice to enhance grain yield potential. Alterations in internal leaf morphology and cellular architecture are needed to underpin some of these improvements. One of the targets is to generate a "Kranz-like" anatomy in leaves that includes decreased interveinal spacing close to that in C4 plant species. As C4 photosynthesis has evolved from C3 photosynthesis independently in multiple lineages, the genes required to facilitate C4 may already be present in the rice genome. The Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutants (TRIM) population offers the advantage of gain-of-function phenotype trapping, which accelerates the identification of rice gene function. In the present study, we screened the TRIM population to determine the extent to which genetic plasticity can alter vein density (VD) in rice. Close vein spacing mutant 1 (CVS1), identified from a VD screening of approximately 17,000 TRIM lines, conferred heritable high leaf VD. Increased vein number in CVS1 was confirmed to be associated with activated expression of two nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins. Overexpression of the two NB-LRR genes individually in rice recapitulates the high VD phenotype, due mainly to reduced interveinal mesophyll cell (M cell) number, length, bulliform cell size and thus interveinal distance. Our studies demonstrate that the trait of high VD in rice can be achieved by elevated expression of NB-LRR proteins limited to no yield penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Fang Lo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jolly Chatterjee
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Akshaya K Biswal
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
- Genetic Resources Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz km. 45, El Batán, Texcoco, CP 56237, México
| | - I-Lun Liu
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Pei Chang
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Jing Chen
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Samart Wanchana
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Robert A Nepomuceno
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines (BIOTECH-UPLB), Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Yue-Ie Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Centre, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines.
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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6
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Shen J, Li Z, Fu Y, Liang J. Identification and molecular characterization of the alternative spliced variants of beta carbonic anhydrase 1 (βCA1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12673. [PMID: 35036152 PMCID: PMC8710251 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. Higher plants mainly contain the three evolutionarily distinct CA families αCA, βCA, and γCA, with each represented by multiple isoforms. Alternative splicing (AS) of the CA transcripts is common. However, there is little information on the spliced variants of individual CA isoforms. In this study, we focused on the characterization of spliced variants of βCA1 from Arabidopsis. The expression patterns and subcellular localization of the individual spliced variants of βCA1 were examined. The results showed that the spliced variants of βCA1 possessed different subcellular and tissue distributions and responded differently to environmental stimuli. Additionally, we addressed the physiological role of βCA1 in heat stress response and its protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Our results showed that βCA1 was regulated by heat stresses, and βca1 mutant was hypersensitive to heat stress, indicating a role for βCA1 in heat stress response. Furthermore, PPI network analysis revealed that βCA1 interacts with multiple proteins involved in several processes, including photosynthesis, metabolism, and the stress response, and these will provide new avenues for future investigations of βCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Shen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Ghifari AS, Teixeira PF, Kmiec B, Singh N, Glaser E, Murcha MW. The dual-targeted prolyl aminopeptidase PAP1 is involved in proline accumulation in response to stress and during pollen development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:78-93. [PMID: 34460901 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant endosymbiotic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts harbour a wide array of biochemical reactions. As a part of protein homeostasis to maintain organellar activity and stability, unwanted proteins and peptides need to be completely degraded in a stepwise mechanism termed the processing pathway, where at the last stage single amino acids are released by aminopeptidases. Here, we determined the molecular and physiological functions of a prolyl aminopeptidase homologue PAP1 (At2g14260) that is able to release N-terminal proline. Transcript analyses demonstrate that an alternative transcription start site gives rise to two alternative transcripts, generating two in-frame proteins PAP1.1 and PAP1.2. Subcellular localization studies revealed that the longer isoform PAP1.1, which contains a 51 residue N-terminal extension, is exclusively targeted to chloroplasts, while the truncated isoform PAP1.2 is located in the cytosol. Distinct expression patterns in different tissues and developmental stages were observed. Investigations into the physiological role of PAP1 using loss-of-function mutants revealed that PAP1 activity may be involved in proline homeostasis and accumulation, required for pollen development and tolerance to osmotic stress. Enzymatic activity, subcellular location, and expression patterns of PAP1 suggest a role in the chloroplastic peptide processing pathway and proline homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi S Ghifari
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Pedro F Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratory for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Kmiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratory for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neha Singh
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Elzbieta Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratory for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika W Murcha
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth WA, Australia
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8
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Chen Z, Wang W, Dong X, Pu X, Gao B, Liu L. Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2020; 252:20. [PMID: 32671568 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
β-carbonic anhydrases, which function in regulating plant growth, C/N status, and stomata number, showed functional redundancy and divergence in Physcomitrella patens. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-. Plants have three evolutionarily unrelated CA families: α-, β-, and γ-CAs. βCAs are abundant in plants and are involved in CO2 assimilation, stress responses, and stomata formation. Recent studies of βCAs have mainly examined C3 or C4 plants, whereas their functions in non-vascular plants are mostly unknown. In this study, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolution of βCAs were conserved between subaerial green algae and bryophytes after terrestrialization event, and βCAs from some cyanobacteria might begin evolving for the adaptation of terrestrial environment/habitat. In addition, we investigated the physiological roles of βCAs in the basal land plant Physcomitrella patens. High PpβCA expression levels in different tissues suggest that PpβCAs play important roles in development in P. patens. Plants treated with 1-10 mM NaHCO3 had higher fresh and dry weight, PpβCA expression, total CA activity, and photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm) compared with water-treated plants. However, treatment with 10 mM NaHCO3 influenced the C/N status. Further study of six Ppβca single-gene mutants revealed that PpβCAs have functional redundancy and divergence in regulating the C/N ratio of plants and stomatal formation. This study provides new insight into the physiological roles of βCAs in basal land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Chen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiumei Dong
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Xiaojun Pu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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9
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Abstract
C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently from ancestral C3 photosynthesis in a broad range of flowering land plant families and in both monocots and dicots. The evolution of C4 photosynthesis entails the recruitment of enzyme activities that are not involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation in C3 plants to photosynthesis. This requires a different regulation of gene expression as well as a different regulation of enzyme activities in comparison to the C3 context. Further, C4 photosynthesis relies on a distinct leaf anatomy that differs from that of C3, requiring a differential regulation of leaf development in C4. We summarize recent progress in the understanding of C4-specific features in evolution and metabolic regulation in the context of C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urte Schlüter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; ,
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10
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Niklaus M, Kelly S. The molecular evolution of C4 photosynthesis: opportunities for understanding and improving the world's most productive plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:795-804. [PMID: 30462241 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis is a convergent evolutionary trait that enhances photosynthetic efficiency in a variety of environmental conditions. It has evolved repeatedly following a fall in atmospheric CO2 concentration such that there is up to a 30 million year difference in the amount of time that natural selection has had to improve C4 function between the oldest and youngest C4 lineages. This large difference in time, coupled with the phylogenetic distance between lineages, has resulted in a large disparity in anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry between extant C4 species. This review summarizes the myriad of molecular sequence changes that have been linked to the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. These range from single nucleotide changes to duplication of entire genes, and provide a roadmap for how natural selection has adapted enzymes and pathways for enhanced C4 function. Finally, this review discusses how this molecular diversity can provide opportunities for understanding and improving photosynthesis for multiple important C4 food, feed, and bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Niklaus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Orr DJ, Pereira AM, da Fonseca Pereira P, Pereira-Lima ÍA, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Engineering photosynthesis: progress and perspectives. F1000Res 2017; 6:1891. [PMID: 29263782 PMCID: PMC5658708 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12181.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the basis of primary productivity on the planet. Crop breeding has sustained steady improvements in yield to keep pace with population growth increases. Yet these advances have not resulted from improving the photosynthetic process
per se but rather of altering the way carbon is partitioned within the plant. Mounting evidence suggests that the rate at which crop yields can be boosted by traditional plant breeding approaches is wavering, and they may reach a “yield ceiling” in the foreseeable future. Further increases in yield will likely depend on the targeted manipulation of plant metabolism. Improving photosynthesis poses one such route, with simulations indicating it could have a significant transformative influence on enhancing crop productivity. Here, we summarize recent advances of alternative approaches for the manipulation and enhancement of photosynthesis and their possible application for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Auderlan M Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca Pereira
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo A Pereira-Lima
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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