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Choudhary S, Sharma K, Bhatti MS, Sharma V, Kumar V. DOE-based synthesis of gellan gum-acrylic acid-based biodegradable hydrogels: screening of significant process variables and in situ field studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4780-4794. [PMID: 35425477 PMCID: PMC8981380 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study uses the free radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid as a monomer, N,N-methylene-bis-(acrylamide) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator to synthesise GG-cl-poly(AA) hydrogels based on gellan gum utilising response surface methodology (RSM). A full factorial design was used to obtain the greatest percent swelling (Ps), and key process variables were determined using the Pareto chart. To make the procedure cost-effective, a multiple regression model employing ANOVA projected a linear model with a maximum percentage swelling of 556 at the lowest concentration of all three studied factors. As a result, the sequential experimental design was successful in obtaining two-fold increases in the percentage swelling in a systematic way. An RSM-based central composite design was used to optimize the percentage swelling of the three most important synthesis parameters: initiator concentration, monomer concentration, and crosslinker concentration. The best process conditions are 7.3 mM L−1 initiator, 44 μM L−1 monomer, and 21.6 mM L−1 crosslinker. The effective synthesis of GG-cl-poly(AA) was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The swelling behavior of GG-cl-poly(AA) in water and saline solutions, as well as its water retention capability, was investigated. In comparison to distilled water, the swelling potential of optimized hydrogel was shown to be significantly reduced in saline solutions. The addition of GG-cl-poly(AA) significantly improved the moisture properties of plant growth media (clay, sandy, and clay–soil combination), implying that it has great potential in moisture stress agriculture. GG-cl-poly(AA) biodegradation was studied by soil burial and vermicomposting methods. The composting approach showed 89.95% deterioration after 22 days, while the soil burial method showed 86.71% degradation after 22 days. The synthesized hydrogel may be beneficial for agricultural applications because of its considerable degradation behaviour, strong water retention capacity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. We use free radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid as a monomer, N,N-methylene-bis-(acrylamide) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator to synthesise GG-cl-poly(AA) hydrogels based on gellan gum utilising response surface methodology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Choudhary
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Kashma Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector-10, Chandigarh, India 160011
| | - Manpreet S. Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300, South Africa
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Mohd Nadzir M, Nurhayati RW, Idris FN, Nguyen MH. Biomedical Applications of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:530. [PMID: 33578978 PMCID: PMC7916691 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are an essential group of compounds secreted by bacteria. These versatile EPSs are utilized individually or in combination with different materials for a broad range of biomedical field functions. The various applications can be explained by the vast number of derivatives with useful properties that can be controlled. This review offers insight on the current research trend of nine commonly used EPSs, their biosynthesis pathways, their characteristics, and the biomedical applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia;
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Farhana Nazira Idris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Minh Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam;
- Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
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The application of biomacromolecules to improve oral absorption by enhanced intestinal permeability: A mini-review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Muthukumar T, Song JE, Khang G. Biological Role of Gellan Gum in Improving Scaffold Drug Delivery, Cell Adhesion Properties for Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E4514. [PMID: 31835526 PMCID: PMC6943741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, gellan gum (GG) has attracted substantial research interest in several fields including biomedical and clinical applications. The GG has highly versatile properties like easy bio-fabrication, tunable mechanical, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug delivery, and is easy to functionalize. These properties have put forth GG as a promising material in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields. Nevertheless, GG alone has poor mechanical strength, stability, and a high gelling temperature in physiological conditions. However, GG physiochemical properties can be enhanced by blending them with other polymers like chitosan, agar, sodium alginate, starch, cellulose, pullulan, polyvinyl chloride, xanthan gum, and other nanomaterials, like gold, silver, or composites. In this review article, we discuss the comprehensive overview and different strategies for the preparation of GG based biomaterial, hydrogels, and scaffolds for drug delivery, wound healing, antimicrobial activity, and cell adhesion. In addition, we have given special attention to tissue engineering applications of GG, which can be combined with another natural, synthetic polymers and nanoparticles, and other composites materials. Overall, this review article clearly presents a summary of the recent advances in research studies on GG for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea; (T.M.); (J.E.S.)
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Wei YC, Cheng CH, Ho YC, Tsai ML, Mi FL. Active gellan gum/purple sweet potato composite films capable of monitoring pH variations. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maiti S. Engineered Gellan Polysaccharides in the Design of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are getting increasing attention in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their encouraging reports on nontoxicity and biodegradability. Natural gums can also be engineered to have better materials for drug delivery system design. Gellan gum originates from microbial fermentation and has been declared as safe by US FDA for human consumption. It possesses gelling ability in presence of multivalent earth metal cations and thus enabled the design of mutiparticulate drug delivery systems in completely aqueous environment avoiding the use of organic solvents. Due to faster drug release profiles of divalent cation-induced gellan gum particles, nowadays chemically modified forms of gellan polysaccharide are currently being investigated for the controlled release of drugs. This chapter discusses the factors contributing to the varying gelling characteristics of gellan gum and the recent developments in its chemical modification towards the fabrication of novel controlled drug delivery devices.
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Sakloetsakun D, Pongjanyakul T. Modification of gellan gum films by halloysite: physicochemical evaluation and drug permeation properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:492-501. [PMID: 27900918 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1267202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the potential of gellan gum (GG) and halloysite (HS) dispersions at different mixing ratios and to investigate the potential of GG-HS dispersions in film formation. To this end, the dispersions and films were characterized. The dispersions formed films with large particles ranging from 3 to 4 μm in size, with a zeta potential of ∼-35 mV. The GG-HS films were fabricated using a solvent-casting technique, which generated films with a white opaque appearance and rough surface. The GG-HS films were formed via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions at the inner cavity and outer surface, as confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The %water uptake and erosion of the GG-HS film decreased with increasing HS content, whereas both puncture strength and elongation were increased in the GG-HS ratios of 1:0.4 and 1:1.2. Moreover, addition of HS into the GG films could possibly decrease drug permeability coefficient when using higher HS ratio in acidic and neutral media. These results suggested that HS modifies the characteristics of the GG used to coat modified-release tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamon Sakloetsakun
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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Vashisth P, Pruthi PA, Singh RP, Pruthi V. Process optimization for fabrication of gellan based electrospun nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 109:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vijayendra SVN, Shamala TR. Film forming microbial biopolymers for commercial applications—A review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:338-57. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.798254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Xiao J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Xu F. A composite coating of calcium alginate and gelatin particles on Ti6Al4V implant for the delivery of water soluble drug. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 89:543-550. [PMID: 19048634 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A composite coating on Ti6Al4V implant was prepared from alginate and gelatin particles through a dip-coating method to control the release of the water soluble drug gentamicin and improve the surface properties of the implant. Gentamicin was dissolved in the coating or bonded to gelatin particles through Schiff base reaction. The drug release experiments in vitro showed that about 10% of gentamicin was released within 0.5 h, the release lasted for 10 days, and the release from the composite coating was dependent on the pH value. The composite coating could induce the formation of apatite on the coating surface, which was fully covered after 7 days immersing in SBF solution. In addition, Ti6Al4V plate with the composite coating had excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All of the results provided the possibility that this composite coating might be applied as a controlled release system to deliver the water soluble drug, and as a bioactive, biodegradable layer on the bio-inert implant surface to induce the formation of apatite and actively bond to the surrounding tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200050
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200050
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200050
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200050
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200050
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Occurrence, production, and applications of gellan: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:889-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar SC, Satish CS, Shivakumar HG. Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan‐Gellan Based Methotrexate Implants. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802168827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rinaudo M. Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Balasubramaniam J, Kumar MT, Pandit JK, Kant S. Gellan-based scleral implants of indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2005; 11:371-9. [PMID: 15736832 DOI: 10.1080/10717540490884787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Film-type scleral implants of indomethacin with gellan gum were prepared by solvent casting and evaluated for uniformities of thickness, weight, drug content, and surface pH. The effect of plasticizers like glycerol, propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol 200, and 400 on the void volume of free gellan films (placebo) was calculated from the water content of the films. The drug release from the prepared implants was determined using a static dissolution set-up developed and optimized in our laboratory. Based on the results of the void volume and initial drug release studies, glycerol and PG were selected as the plasticizers for the gellan-based implants. The morphology of the drug-free films (containing 10% and 40% of PG) and the drug-loaded films (before and after dissolution and crosslinked) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Further, the effect of plasticizer concentration, gellan concentration, effect of crosslinking technique, and duration of crosslinking using calcium chloride on in vitro drug release characteristics were evaluated. Selected batches of the implants were subjected to pharmacodynamic studies, after scleral placement, in uveitis-induced (intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin 50 microg/ml) rabbit eyes. The release of indomethacin from the prepared implants followed matrix diffusion kinetics with diffusion co-efficient (n) values ranging between 0.358 to 0.708 and seemed to depend on both gellan and plasticizer concentration. Surface crosslinking with 10% calcium chloride for 8 hr retarded drug release (1.42 times less than noncrosslinked implant) and was optimum. The pharmacodynamic studies showed a marked improvement in the various clinical parameters (congestion, keratitis, flare, clot, aqueous cells, and synechias) in the implanted eye compared with the control eye in the rabbits. The scleral implants survived up to 3 weeks in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balasubramaniam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Lin C, Gokhale R, Trivedi JS, Ranade V. Recent strategies and methods for improving insulin delivery. Drug Dev Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Surini S, Akiyama H, Morishita M, Nagai T, Takayama K. Release phenomena of insulin from an implantable device composed of a polyion complex of chitosan and sodium hyaluronate. J Control Release 2003; 90:291-301. [PMID: 12880696 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An implant controlled-release system for protein drug delivery based on a polyion complex device composed of chitosan (CS) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) was investigated. The conditions which generated the greatest amount of the polyion solid complex were studied to ascertain the formation of polyion complex between CS and HA. The greatest amount of the polyion complex was formed at the weight ratio of 3 to 7 (CS:HA) at pH 3.5. Furthermore, the CS-HA pellets were prepared and then drug release from CS-HA pellets was evaluated using insulin as a model drug. The results demonstrated that the insulin release from CS-HA pellets was markedly influenced by both the change in the polymer mixing ratio and the total pellet weight, whereas the compression pressure did not affect the release significantly. An artificial neural network (ANN) and biharmonic spline interpolation (HSI) were employed to predict the actual relation between causal factors and the release rate constant of insulin. Although both the ANN and HSI successfully represented a non-linear relationship between the formulation factors and the release rate constant, HSI methodology gave a better estimation than that of the ANN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Surini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, 142-8501 Tokyo, Japan
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