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Lang A, Polishchuk I, Confalonieri G, Dejoie C, Maniv A, Potashnikov D, Caspi EN, Pokroy B. Tuning the Magnetization of Manganese (II) Carbonate by Intracrystalline Amino Acids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201652. [PMID: 35776129 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of organic molecules into the lattice of inorganic crystalline hosts is a common phenomenon in biomineralization and is shown to alter various properties of the crystalline host. Taking this phenomenon as a source of inspiration, it is shown herein that incorporation of specific single amino acids into the lattice of manganese (II) carbonate strongly alters its inherent magnetic properties. At room temperature, the magnetic susceptibility of the amino-acid-incorporating paramagnetic MnCO3 decreases, following a simple rule of mixtures. When cooled below the Néel temperature, however, the opposite trend is observed, namely an increase in magnetic susceptibility measured in a high magnetic field. Such an increase, accompanied by a drastic change in the Néel phase transformation temperature, results from a decrease in MnCO3 orbital overlapping and the weakening of superexchange interactions. It may be that this is the first time that the magnetic properties of a host crystal are tuned via the incorporation of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Lang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Giorgia Confalonieri
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38043, France
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble, Cedex 9, 38043, France
| | - Ariel Maniv
- Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre - Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel
| | | | - El'ad N Caspi
- Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre - Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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2
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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3
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Peterson PF, Olds D, McDonnell MT, Page K. Illustrated formalisms for total scattering data: a guide for new practitioners. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:317-332. [PMID: 33833656 PMCID: PMC7941302 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720015630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a detailed and visual presentation of the derivations of and relationships between many of the commonly employed functional forms of real- and reciprocal-space data employed by the worldwide total scattering community. The total scattering method is the simultaneous study of both the real- and reciprocal-space representations of diffraction data. While conventional Bragg-scattering analysis (employing methods such as Rietveld refinement) provides insight into the average structure of the material, pair distribution function (PDF) analysis allows for a more focused study of the local atomic arrangement of a material. Generically speaking, a PDF is generated by Fourier transforming the total measured reciprocal-space diffraction data (Bragg and diffuse) into a real-space representation. However, the details of the transformation employed and, by consequence, the resultant appearance and weighting of the real-space representation of the system can vary between different research communities. As the worldwide total scattering community continues to grow, these subtle differences in nomenclature and data representation have led to conflicting and confusing descriptions of how the PDF is defined and calculated. This paper provides a consistent derivation of many of these different forms of the PDF and the transformations required to bridge between them. Some general considerations and advice for total scattering practitioners in selecting and defining the appropriate choice of PDF in their own research are presented. This contribution aims to benefit people starting in the field or trying to compare their results with those of other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Peterson
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Olds
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Marshall T McDonnell
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Katharine Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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4
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White CE, Garg N, Olds D, Vocaturo J, Everett SM, Page K. A uniaxial load frame for in situ neutron studies of stress-induced changes in cementitious materials and related systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:092903. [PMID: 30278755 DOI: 10.1063/1.5033905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For in situ neutron scattering experiments on cementitious materials, it is of great interest to have access to a robust device which can induce uniaxial load on a given solid sample. Challenges involve selection of materials making up the apparatus that are both weak neutron scatterers and yet adequately strong to induce loads of up to a few kilonewtons on the sample. Here, the design and experimental commissioning of a novel load frame is provided with the intended use as a neutron scattering sample environment enabling time-dependent stress-induced changes to be probed in an engineering material under compression. The frame is a scaled down version of a creep apparatus, which is typically used in the laboratory to measure deformation due to creep in concrete. Components were optimized to enable 22 MPa of compressive stress to be exerted on a 1 cm diameter cement cylinder. To minimize secondary scattering signals from the load frame, careful selection of the metal components was needed. Furthermore, due to the need to maximize the wide angular detector coverage and signal to noise for neutron total scattering measurements, the frame was designed specifically to minimize the size and required number of support posts while matching sample dimensions to the available neutron beam size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E White
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nishant Garg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Daniel Olds
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Joseph Vocaturo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - S Michelle Everett
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Katharine Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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5
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Fabini DH, Siaw TA, Stoumpos CC, Laurita G, Olds D, Page K, Hu JG, Kanatzidis MG, Han S, Seshadri R. Universal Dynamics of Molecular Reorientation in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16875-16884. [PMID: 29094934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of organic molecular cations in the high-performance perovskite photovoltaic absorbers, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), has been an enigmatic subject of great interest. Beyond aiding in the ease of processing of thin films for photovoltaic devices, there have been suggestions that many of the remarkable properties of the halide perovskites can be attributed to the dipolar nature and the dynamic behavior of these cations. Here, we establish the dynamics of the molecular cations in FAPbI3 between 4 K and 340 K and the nature of their interaction with the surrounding inorganic cage using a combination of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric spectroscopies, neutron scattering, calorimetry, and ab initio calculations. Detailed comparisons with the reported temperature dependence of the dynamics of MAPbI3 are then carried out which reveal the molecular ions in the two different compounds to exhibit very similar rotation rates (≈8 ps) at room temperature, despite differences in other temperature regimes. For FA, rotation about the N···N axis, which reorients the molecular dipole, is the dominant motion in all phases, with an activation barrier of ≈21 meV in the ambient phase, compared to ≈110 meV for the analogous dipole reorientation of MA. Geometrical frustration of the molecule-cage interaction in FAPbI3 produces a disordered γ-phase and subsequent glassy freezing at yet lower temperatures. Hydrogen bonds suggested by atom-atom distances from neutron total scattering experiments imply a substantial role for the molecules in directing structure and dictating properties. The temperature dependence of reorientation of the dipolar molecular cations systematically described here can clarify various hypotheses including those of large-polaron charge transport and fugitive electron spin polarization that have been invoked in the context of these unusual materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Fabini
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ting Ann Siaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Geneva Laurita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College , Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States
| | - Daniel Olds
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Katharine Page
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jerry G Hu
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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6
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Whitfield PS, Herron N, Guise WE, Page K, Cheng YQ, Milas I, Crawford MK. Structures, Phase Transitions and Tricritical Behavior of the Hybrid Perovskite Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35685. [PMID: 27767049 PMCID: PMC5073364 DOI: 10.1038/srep35685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the crystal structures and structural phase transitions of the deuterated, partially deuterated and hydrogenous organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) using time-of-flight neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Near 330 K the high temperature cubic phases transformed to a body-centered tetragonal phase. The variation of the order parameter Q for this transition scaled with temperature T as Q ∼ (Tc-T)β, where Tc is the critical temperature and the exponent β was close to ¼, as predicted for a tricritical phase transition. However, we also observed coexistence of the cubic and tetragonal phases over a range of temperature in all cases, demonstrating that the phase transition was in fact first-order, although still very close to tricritical. Upon cooling further, all the tetragonal phases transformed into a low temperature orthorhombic phase around 160 K, again via a first-order phase transition. Based upon these results, we discuss the impact of the structural phase transitions upon photovoltaic performance of MAPbI3 based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Whitfield
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - N Herron
- DuPont Electronics and Communication Technologies, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - W E Guise
- DuPont Central Research &Development, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - K Page
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Y Q Cheng
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - I Milas
- DuPont Central Research &Development, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - M K Crawford
- DuPont Central Research &Development, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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7
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Gagin A, Levin I. A Bayesian approach to removal of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714023796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A Bayesian statistics approach for subtraction of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data has been developed and implemented in a public domain software package. In this approach, the estimated background signal associated with incoherent scattering maximizes the posterior probability, which combines the likelihood of this signal in reciprocal and real spaces with the prior that favors smooth lines. The probability distributions are constructed according to the principle of maximum entropy. The method enables robust subtraction of incoherent-scattering backgrounds while providing estimated uncertainties for recovered signals. The developed procedure was first tested using simulated data and then demonstrated using three representative experimental data sets, collected on bulk materials and nanoparticles, featuring distinct ratios of coherent to incoherent scattering.
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8
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Zepeda-Alarcon E, Nakotte H, Gualtieri AF, King G, Page K, Vogel SC, Wang HW, Wenk HR. Magnetic and nuclear structure of goethite (α-FeOOH): a neutron diffraction study. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714022651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnetic structure of two natural samples of goethite (α-FeOOH) with varying crystallinity was analyzed at 15 and 300 K by neutron diffraction. The well crystallized sample has thePb′nmcolor space group and remained antiferromagnetic up to 300 K, with spins aligned parallel to thecaxis. The purely magnetic 100 peak, identifying this color space group, was clearly resolved. The nanocrystalline sample shows a phase transition to the paramagnetic state at a temperature below 300 K. This lowering of the Néel temperature may be explained by the interaction of magnetic clusters within particles. The nuclear structure, refined with the Rietveld and pair distribution function methods, is consistent with reports in the literature.
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9
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Mu X, Sigle W, Bach A, Fischer D, Jansen M, van Aken PA. Influence of a Second Cation (M= Ca2+, Mg2+) on the Phase Evolution of (BaxM1-x)F2Starting from Amorphous Deposits. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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White CE. Pair distribution function analysis of amorphous geopolymer precursors and binders: the importance of complementary molecular simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2012.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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