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Azeroual H, Bantignies JL, Maurin D, Granier D, Haines J, Cambon O, Hermet P. Highlights on the reversible nonpolar-to-polar P3 121- P3 1 phase transition at low temperature in NaLa(SO 4) 2·H 2O: mechanism and piezoelectric properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8168-8179. [PMID: 36880275 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the existence in NaLa(SO4)2·H2O of a displacive phase transition under 200 K from the nonpolar P3121 to the polar P31 space group. This phase transition was predicted by density functional theory based calculations and experimentally confirmed from infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The A2 polar irreducible representation is the primary order parameter. The structural water and hydrogen bonding are the mechanism driving the phase transition. The piezoelectric properties of this new P31 phase have been investigated by first principles based calculations. The highest piezoelectric-strain constants in the zero Kelvin limit are predicted for the d12 and d41 elements with values about 3.4 pC N-1. This compound could be interesting as piezoelectric actuator for cryogenic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Azeroual
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - J-L Bantignies
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), CNRS, University of Montpellier, France
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), CNRS, University of Montpellier, France
| | - D Granier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - J Haines
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - O Cambon
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - P Hermet
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Desjardins K, Mocuta C, Dawiec A, Réguer S, Joly P, Dubuisson JM, Alves F, Noureddine A, Bompard F, Thiaudière D. The CirPAD, a circular 1.4 M hybrid pixel detector dedicated to X-ray diffraction measurements at Synchrotron SOLEIL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:180-193. [PMID: 34985435 PMCID: PMC8733998 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521012492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges of all synchrotron facilities is to offer the highest performance detectors for all their specific experiments, in particular for X-ray diffraction imaging and its high throughput data collection. In that context, the DiffAbs beamline, the Detectors and the Design and Engineering groups at Synchrotron SOLEIL, in collaboration with ImXPAD and Cegitek companies, have developed an original and unique detector with a circular shape. This detector is based on the hybrid pixel photon-counting technology and consists of the specific assembly of 20 hybrid pixel array detector (XPAD) modules. This article aims to demonstrate the main characteristics of the CirPAD (for Circular Pixel Array Detector) and its performance - i.e. excellent pixel quality, flat-field correction, high-count-rate performance, etc. Additionally, the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of an LaB6 reference sample is presented and refined. The obtained results demonstrate the high quality of the data recorded from the CirPAD, which allows the proposal of its use to all scientific communities interested in performing experiments at the DiffAbs beamline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Mocuta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Solenn Réguer
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Filipe Alves
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Frédéric Bompard
- Cegitek, La Plaine du Caire, Le Clos du Rocher, Bat 9, 13830 Roquefort-la-Bédoule, France
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Szarejko D, Kamiński R, Łaski P, Jarzembska KN. Seed-skewness algorithm for X-ray diffraction signal detection in time-resolved synchrotron Laue photocrystallography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:405-413. [PMID: 32153279 PMCID: PMC7064106 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A one-dimensional seed-skewness algorithm adapted for X-ray diffraction signal detection is presented and discussed. The method, primarily designed for photocrystallographic time-resolved Laue data processing, was shown to work well for the type of data collected at the Advanced Photon Source and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Nevertheless, it is also applicable in the case of standard single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The reported algorithm enables reasonable separation of signal from the background in single one-dimensional data vectors as well as the capability to determine small changes of reflection shapes and intensities resulting from exposure of the sample to laser light. Otherwise, the procedure is objective, and relies only on skewness computation and its subsequent minimization. The new algorithm was proved to yield comparable results to the Kruskal-Wallis test method [Kalinowski, J. A. et al. (2012). J. Synchrotron Rad. 19, 637], while the processing takes a similar amount of time. Importantly, in contrast to the Kruskal-Wallis test, the reported seed-skewness approach does not need redundant input data, which allows for faster data collections and wider applications. Furthermore, as far as the structure refinement is concerned, the reported algorithm leads to the excited-state geometry closest to the one modelled using the quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics approach reported previously [Jarzembska, K. N. et al. (2014). Inorg. Chem. 53, 10594], when the t and s algorithm parameters are set to the recommended values of 0.2 and 3.0, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szarejko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Łaski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Tolborg K, Iversen BB. Electron Density Studies in Materials Research. Chemistry 2019; 25:15010-15029. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Tolborg
- Center for Materials CrystallographyDepartment of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials CrystallographyDepartment of Chemistry and iNANOAarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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Fancher CM, Hoffmann C, Sedov V, Parizzi A, Zhou W, Schultz AJ, Wang XP, Long D. Time filtering of event based neutron scattering data: A pathway to study the dynamic structural responses of materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:092803. [PMID: 30278754 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved diffraction has become a vital tool for probing dynamic responses to an applied stimulus. Such experiments traditionally use hardware solutions to histogram measured data into their respective bin. We will show that a major advantage of event-based data acquisition, which time-stamps measured diffraction data with 100 ns accuracy, is much preferred over hardware histogramming of the data by enabling postprocessing for advanced custom binning using a software solution. This approach is made even more powerful by coupling measured diffraction data with metadata about the applied stimuli and material response. In this work, we present a time-filter approach that leverages the power of event-based diffraction collection to reduce stroboscopic data measured over many hours into equally weighted segments that represent subsets of the response to a single cycle of the applied stimulus. We demonstrate this approach by observing ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain wall motion during electric field cycling of BaTiO3. The developed approach can readily be expanded to investigate other dynamic phenomena using complex sample environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fancher
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - C Hoffmann
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - V Sedov
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A Parizzi
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - A J Schultz
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - X P Wang
- Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - D Long
- Department of Material Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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6
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Mocuta C, Stanescu S, Gallard M, Barbier A, Dawiec A, Kedjar B, Leclercq N, Thiaudiere D. Fast X-ray reflectivity measurements using an X-ray pixel area detector at the DiffAbs beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:204-213. [PMID: 29271769 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for rapid measurements of the specular X-ray reflectivity signal using an area detector and a monochromatic, well collimated X-ray beam (divergence below 0.01°), combined with a continuous data acquisition mode during the angular movements of the sample and detector. In addition to the total integrated (and background-corrected) reflectivity signal, this approach yields a three-dimensional mapping of the reciprocal space in the vicinity of its origin. Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering signals are recorded simultaneously. Measurements up to high momentum transfer values (close to 0.1 nm-1, also depending on the X-ray beam energy) can be performed in total time ranges as short as 10 s. The measurement time can be reduced by up to 100 times as compared with the classical method using monochromatic X-ray beams, a point detector and rocking scans (integrated reflectivity signal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Mocuta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Stefan Stanescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Manon Gallard
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | | | - Arkadiusz Dawiec
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Bouzid Kedjar
- Institut Pprime, CNRS - University of Poitiers - ENSMA, SP2MI, Futuroscope 86962, France
| | - Nicolas Leclercq
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Dominique Thiaudiere
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
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Casaretto N, Schaniel D, Alle P, Wenger E, Parois P, Fournier B, Bendeif EE, Palin C, Pillet S. In-house time-resolved photocrystallography on the millisecond timescale using a gated X-ray hybrid pixel area detector. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:696-707. [PMID: 28762979 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617009234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the remarkable progress of accelerator-based X-ray sources in terms of intensity and brightness, the investigation of structural dynamics from time-resolved X-ray diffraction methods is becoming widespread in chemistry, biochemistry and materials science applications. Diffraction patterns can now be measured down to the femtosecond time-scale using X-ray free electron lasers or table-top laser plasma X-ray sources. On the other hand, the recent developments in photon counting X-ray area detectors offer new opportunities for time-resolved crystallography. Taking advantage of the fast read-out, the internal stacking of recorded images, and the gating possibilities (electronic shutter) of the XPAD hybrid pixel detector, we implemented a laboratory X-ray diffractometer for time-resolved single-crystal X-ray diffraction after pulsed laser excitation, combined with transient optical absorption measurement. The experimental method and instrumental setup are described in detail, and validated using the photoinduced nitrosyl linkage isomerism of sodium nitroprusside, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O, as proof of principle. Light-induced Bragg intensity relative variations ΔI(hkl)/I(hkl) of the order of 1%, due to the photoswitching of the NO ligand, could be detected with a 6 ms acquisition window. The capabilities of such a laboratory time-resolved experiment are critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Casaretto
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Dominik Schaniel
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Paul Alle
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Parois
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Bertrand Fournier
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - El Eulmi Bendeif
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Palin
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Pillet
- CRM2, UMR 7036, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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8
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Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Experimental charge-density studies: data reduction and model quality: the more the better? ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:531-543. [PMID: 28762965 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617007016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent developments concerning data and model quality in experimental charge-density investigations from a personal view-point are described. Data quality is not only achieved by the high resolution, high I/σ(I) values, low merging R values and high multiplicity. The quality of the innermost reflections especially is crucial for mapping the density distribution of the outermost valence electrons and can be monitored by (I/σ)asymptotic. New detector technologies seem to be promising improvements. Empirical corrections to correct for low-energy contamination of mirror-focused X-ray data and for resolution- and temperature-dependent errors caused by factors such as thermal diffuse scattering are described. Shashlik-like residual density patterns can indicate the need for an anharmonic description of the thermal motion of individual atoms. The physical reliability of the derived model must be thoroughly analysed. The derived probability density functions for the mean-squared atomic vibrational displacements especially should have only small negative values. The treatment of H atoms has been improved by methods to estimate anisotropic thermal motion. For very high resolution data, the polarization of the core density cannot be neglected. Several tools to detect systematic errors are described. A validation tool is presented that easily detects when the refinement of additional parameters yields a real improvement in the model or simply overfits the given data. In all investigated structures, it is proved that the multipole parameters of atoms with a comparable chemical environment should be constrained to be identical. The use of restraints could be a promising alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August Universität, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Casati N, Genoni A, Meyer B, Krawczuk A, Macchi P. Exploring charge density analysis in crystals at high pressure: data collection, data analysis and advanced modelling. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:584-597. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to determine electron-density distribution in crystals has been an enormous breakthrough, stimulated by a favourable combination of equipment for X-ray and neutron diffraction at low temperature, by the development of simplified, though accurate, electron-density models refined from the experimental data and by the progress in charge density analysis often in combination with theoretical work. Many years after the first successful charge density determination and analysis, scientists face new challenges, for example: (i) determination of the finer details of the electron-density distribution in the atomic cores, (ii) simultaneous refinement of electron charge and spin density or (iii) measuring crystals under perturbation. In this context, the possibility of obtaining experimental charge density at high pressure has recently been demonstrated [Casatiet al.(2016).Nat. Commun.7, 10901]. This paper reports on the necessities and pitfalls of this new challenge, focusing on the speciessyn-1,6:8,13-biscarbonyl[14]annulene. The experimental requirements, the expected data quality and data corrections are discussed in detail, including warnings about possible shortcomings. At the same time, new modelling techniques are proposed, which could enable specific information to be extracted, from the limited and less accurate observations, like the degree of localization of double bonds, which is fundamental to the scientific case under examination.
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11
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Fuentes-Cobas LE, Montero-Cabrera ME, Pardo L, Fuentes-Montero L. Ferroelectrics under the Synchrotron Light: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 9:E14. [PMID: 28787814 PMCID: PMC5456562 DOI: 10.3390/ma9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, an intensive search for high-performance lead-free ferroelectric materials is taking place. ABO₃ perovskites (A = Ba, Bi, Ca, K and Na; B = Fe, Nb, Ti, and Zr) appear as promising candidates. Understanding the structure-function relationship is mandatory, and, in this field, the roles of long- and short-range crystal orders and interactions are decisive. In this review, recent advances in the global and local characterization of ferroelectric materials by synchrotron light diffraction, scattering and absorption are analyzed. Single- and poly-crystal synchrotron diffraction studies allow high-resolution investigations regarding the long-range average position of ions and subtle global symmetry break-downs. Ferroelectric materials, under the action of electric fields, undergo crystal symmetry, crystallite/domain orientation distribution and strain condition transformations. Methodological aspects of monitoring these processes are discussed. Two-dimensional diffraction clarify larger scale ordering: polycrystal texture is measured from the intensities distribution along the Debye rings. Local order is investigated by diffuse scattering (DS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) experiments. DS provides information about thermal, chemical and displacive low-dimensional disorders. XAFS investigation of ferroelectrics reveals local B-cation off-centering and oxidation state. This technique has the advantage of being element-selective. Representative reports of the mentioned studies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Fuentes-Cobas
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Compejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico.
| | - María E Montero-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Compejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico.
| | - Lorena Pardo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain.
| | - Luis Fuentes-Montero
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Beamline I24, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK.
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Gorfman S, Choe H, Shvartsman VV, Ziolkowski M, Vogt M, Strempfer J, Łukasiewicz T, Pietsch U, Dec J. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction reveals the hidden mechanism of high piezoelectric activity in a uniaxial ferroelectric. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:097601. [PMID: 25793851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.097601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High piezoelectric activity of many ferroelectrics has been the focus of numerous recent studies. The structural origin of this activity remains poorly understood due to a lack of appropriate experimental techniques and mixing of different mechanisms related to ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity. Our work reports on the study of a uniaxial Sr_{0.5}Ba_{0.5}Nb_{2}O_{6} ferroelectric where the formation of regions with different spontaneous strains is ruled out by the symmetry and where the interrelation between piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity can be inspected in an isolated fashion. We performed x-ray diffraction experiments on a single crystalline sample under alternating electric field and observed an unknown hidden-in-the-bulk mechanism, which suggests that the highest piezoelectric activity is realized in the volumes where nucleation of small ferroelectric domains takes place. This new mechanism creates a novel roadmap for designing materials with enhanced piezoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semën Gorfman
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Hyeokmin Choe
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Vladimir V Shvartsman
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Vogt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Jörg Strempfer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Łukasiewicz
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wolczynska Street, PL-01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ullrich Pietsch
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Jan Dec
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 12 Bankowa Street, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland
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13
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Stalke D. A hybrid pixel detector at an in-house device generating stunning charge density quality data. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:781-2. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614021349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Kamiński R, Nottingham G, Coppens P. An optical chopper for generation of short X-ray pulses to allow in-house time-resolved photocrystallography. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057671401961x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of a project to implement in-house time-resolved diffraction of short-lifetime species, a fast shutter with a custom-designed enclosure has been installed. The device is suitable for generation of X-ray pulses with time lengths down to about 5 µs. The design does not require major modifications to commercially available diffractometer setups. Significant airflow, generated by the rotating chopper disc, which interferes with temperature control at the sample, has been eliminated by a compact enclosure, which does not interfere with sample monitoring and conditioning devices. It allows for full rotation of the diffractometer circles.
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Wenger E, Dahaoui S, Alle P, Parois P, Palin C, Lecomte C, Schaniel D. XPAD X-ray hybrid pixel detector for charge density quality diffracted intensities on laboratory equipment. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:783-91. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614017338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The new generation of X-ray detectors, the hybrid pixel area detectors or `pixel detectors', is based on direct detection and single-photon counting processes. A large linearity range, high dynamic and extremely low noise leading to an unprecedented high signal-to-noise ratio, fast readout time (high frame rates) and an electronic shutter are among their intrinsic characteristics which render them very attractive. First used on synchrotron beamlines, these detectors are also promising in the laboratory, in particular for pump-probe or quasi-static experiments and accurate electron density measurements, as explained in this paper. An original laboratory diffractometer made from a Nonius Mach3 goniometer equipped with an Incoatec Mo microsource and an XPAD pixel area detector has been developed at the CRM2 laboratory. MoKα accurate charge density quality data up to 1.21 Å−1resolution have been collected on a sodium nitroprusside crystal using this home-made diffractometer. Data quality for charge density analysis based on multipolar modelling are discussed in this paper. Deformation electron densities are compared to those already published (based on data collected with CCD APEXII and CAD4 diffractometers).
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Jørgensen MRV, Hathwar VR, Bindzus N, Wahlberg N, Chen YS, Overgaard J, Iversen BB. Contemporary X-ray electron-density studies using synchrotron radiation. IUCRJ 2014; 1:267-80. [PMID: 25295169 PMCID: PMC4174870 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514018570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation has many compelling advantages over conventional radiation sources in the measurement of accurate Bragg diffraction data. The variable photon energy and much higher flux may help to minimize critical systematic effects such as absorption, extinction and anomalous scattering. Based on a survey of selected published results from the last decade, the benefits of using synchrotron radiation in the determination of X-ray electron densities are discussed, and possible future directions of this field are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads R. V. Jørgensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Venkatesha R. Hathwar
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Bindzus
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Nanna Wahlberg
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, Advanced Photon Source, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Jacob Overgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
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Gorfman S. Sub-microsecond X-ray crystallography: techniques, challenges, and applications for materials science. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2014.908353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Mocuta C, Richard MI, Fouet J, Stanescu S, Barbier A, Guichet C, Thomas O, Hustache S, Zozulya AV, Thiaudière D. Fast pole figure acquisition using area detectors at the DiffAbs beamline – Synchrotron SOLEIL. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813027453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural anisotropy, for example texture, may govern important physical properties of thin film, such as electrical, magnetic and/or mechanical ones. Texture (orientation information) is typically observed and quantified by the measurement of so-called pole figures. An optimized experimental approach implemented at the DiffAbs beamline (Synchrotron SOLEIL) is presented here. Using an X-ray pixel area detector and synchrotron radiation sources, a complete pole figure (with resolutions adapted for metallic textured thin films, typically of the order of a few degrees) can be measured in time intervals as short as one minute. The necessary corrections enabling complete pole figure retrieval from the experimental data using this optimized approach are provided and discussed. A gain in measuring time by up to two orders of magnitude is found with respect to the use of a point detector (classical approach) under the same experimental conditions. Data measured using these two approaches are shown, compared and discussed.
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