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Barker J, Moyer J, Kline S, Jensen G, Cook J, Gagnon C, Kelley E, Chabot JP, Maliszewskyj N, Parikh C, Chen W, Murphy RP, Glinka C. The very small angle neutron scattering instrument at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:271-283. [PMID: 35497654 PMCID: PMC8985601 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A description and the performance of the very small angle neutron scattering diffractometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are presented. A description and the performance of the very small angle neutron scattering diffractometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are presented. The measurement range of the instrument extends over three decades of momentum transfer q from 2 × 10−4 to 0.7 Å−1. The entire scattering angle range from 8 × 10−5 to π/6 rad (30°) can be measured simultaneously using three separate detector carriages on rails holding nine 2D detector arrays. Versatile choices of collimation options and neutron wavelength selection allow the q resolution and beam intensity to be optimized for the needs of the experiment. High q resolution is achieved using multiple converging-beam collimation with circular pinholes combined with refractive lenses and prisms. Relaxed vertical resolution with much higher beam intensity can be achieved with narrow slit collimation and a broad wavelength range chosen by truncating the moderator source distribution below 4 Å with a Be crystalline filter and above 8 Å with a supermirror deflector. Polarized beam measurements with full polarization analysis are also provided by a high-performance supermirror polarizer and spin flipper, capable of producing flipping ratios of over 100, along with a high-efficiency 3He polarization analyzer.
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2
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Dargel C, Gräbitz-Bräuer F, Geisler R, Fandrich P, Hannappel Y, Porcar L, Hellweg T. Stable DOPG/Glycyrrhizin Vesicles with a Wide Range of Mixing Ratios: Structure and Stability as Seen by Scattering Experiments and Cryo-TEM. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164959. [PMID: 34443547 PMCID: PMC8399256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylglycerols represent a large share of the lipids in the plasmamembrane of procaryotes. Therefore, this study investigates the role of charged lipids in the plasma membrane with respect to the interaction of the antiviral saponin glycyrrhizin with such membranes. Glycyrrhizin is a natural triterpenic-based surfactant found in licorice. Vesicles made of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1’-glycerol) (DOPG)/glycyrrhizin are characterized by small-angle scattering with neutrons and X-rays (SANS and SAXS). Small-angle scattering data are first evaluated by the model-independent modified Kratky–Porod method and afterwards fitted by a model describing the shape of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) with an internal head-tail contrast. Complete miscibility of DOPG and glycyrrhizin was revealed even at a ratio of lipid:saponin of 1:1. Additional information about the chain-chain correlation distance of the lipid/saponin mixtures in the SUV structures is obtained from wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dargel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Friederike Gräbitz-Bräuer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ramsia Geisler
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Pascal Fandrich
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.D.); (F.G.-B.); (R.G.); (P.F.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-2055
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3
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Pauw BR, Smith AJ, Snow T, Shebanova O, Sutter JP, Ilavsky J, Hermida-Merino D, Smales GJ, Terrill NJ, Thünemann AF, Bras W. Extending synchrotron SAXS instrument ranges through addition of a portable, inexpensive USAXS module with vertical rotation axes. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:824-833. [PMID: 33949990 PMCID: PMC8127376 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-SAXS can enhance the capabilities of existing synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamlines. A compact ultra-SAXS module has been developed, which extends the measurable q-range with 0.0015 ≤ q (nm-1) ≤ 0.2, allowing structural dimensions in the range 30 ≤ D (nm) ≤ 4000 to be probed in addition to the range covered by a high-end SAXS/WAXS instrument. By shifting the module components in and out on their respective motor stages, SAXS/WAXS measurements can be easily and rapidly interleaved with USAXS measurements. The use of vertical crystal rotation axes (horizontal diffraction) greatly simplifies the construction, at minimal cost to efficiency. In this paper, the design considerations, realization and synchrotron findings are presented. Measurements of silica spheres, an alumina membrane, and a porous carbon catalyst are provided as application examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Sutter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch–Belgian Beamlines at the ESRF, Grenoble, France
| | - Glen J. Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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4
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Nouhi S, Kwaambwa HM, Gutfreund P, Rennie AR. Comparative study of flocculation and adsorption behaviour of water treatment proteins from Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera seeds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17945. [PMID: 31784569 PMCID: PMC6884452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees of Moringa oleifera are the most widely exploited species of Moringa and proteins extracted from its seeds have been identified as the most efficient natural coagulant for water purification. Largely for climatic reasons, other Moringa species are more accessible in some regions and this paper presents a comparative study of the adsorption to different materials of the proteins extracted from seeds of Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera to explore their use as flocculating agents in regions where each is more readily accessible. Results showed that Moringa peregrina seed proteins had higher adsorption to alumina compared to silica, in contrast to opposite behavior for Moringa oleifera. Both species provide cationic proteins that can act as effective coagulants for the various impurities with different surface potential. Despite the considerable similarity of the amino acid composition, the seed proteins have significantly different adsorption and this presents the opportunity to improve processes by choosing the optimal species or combination of species depending on the type of impurity or possible development of separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Nouhi
- Centre for Neutron Scattering, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Swerim AB, Box 7047, 16407, Kista, Sweden.
| | - Habauka M Kwaambwa
- Namibia University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Private Bag 13388, 13 Jackson Kaujeua Street, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Philipp Gutfreund
- Institut Laue - Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adrian R Rennie
- Centre for Neutron Scattering, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Moulin M, Mossou E, Signor L, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Kwaambwa H, Nermark F, Gutfreund P, Mitchell E, Haertlein M, Forsyth V, Rennie A. Towards a molecular understanding of the water purification properties of Moringa seed proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:296-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sokolova A, Whitten AE, de Campo L, Christoforidis J, Eltobaji A, Barnes J, Darmann F, Berry A. Performance and characteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument. J Appl Crystallogr 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718018009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BILBY is a recently constructed and commissioned time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument, operated by the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). BILBY provides a wide accessible q range (q ≃ 1.0 × 10−3 Å−1 to ∼1.8 Å−1) and variable wavelength resolution (Δλ/λ ≃ 3–30%) to complement the other small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering capabilities available at ANSTO. Since its construction, BILBY has been used to study samples from a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics and materials science. This article describes the BILBY design and components, and shows data collected from a number of reference samples.
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Jensen GV, Barker JG. Effects of multiple scattering encountered for various small-angle scattering model functions. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1455-1466. [PMID: 30279642 PMCID: PMC6157706 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718010816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The means by which multiple scattering contributions in experimental small-angle scattering data can be estimated, and how they can be included in the data analysis, are reviewed and discussed. The multiple scattering effects for a range of relevant model scattering functions are calculated using semi-analytically derived solutions to Hankel transforms as well as Monte Carlo simulations. In small-angle scattering theory and data modeling, it is generally assumed that each scattered ray – photon or neutron – is only scattered once on its path through the sample. This assumption greatly simplifies the interpretation of the data and is valid in many cases. However, it breaks down under conditions of high scattering power, increasing with sample concentration, scattering contrast, sample path length and ray wavelength. For samples with a significant scattering power, disregarding multiple scattering effects can lead to erroneous conclusions on the structure of the investigated sample. In this paper, the impact of multiple scattering effects on different types of scattering pattern are determined, and methods for assessing and addressing them are discussed, including the general implementation of multiple scattering effects in structural model fits. The modification of scattering patterns by multiple scattering is determined for the sphere scattering function and the Gaussian function, as well as for different Sabine-type functions, including the Debye–Andersen–Brumberger (DAB) model and the Lorentzian scattering function. The calculations are performed using the semi-analytical convolution method developed by Schelten & Schmatz [J. Appl. Cryst. (1980 ▸). 13, 385–390], facilitated by analytical expressions for intermediate functions, and checked with Monte Carlo simulations. The results show how a difference in the shape of the scattering function plotted versus momentum transfer q results in different multiple scattering effects at low q, where information on the particle mass and radius of gyration is contained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Vestergaard Jensen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering/NIST Center for Neutron Research, University of Delaware, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - John George Barker
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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8
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Sticking particles to solid surfaces using Moringa oleifera proteins as a glue. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Bolze J, Kogan V, Beckers D, Fransen M. High-performance small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) experiments on a multi-functional laboratory goniometer platform with easily exchangeable X-ray modules. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:085115. [PMID: 30184636 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a well-established, versatile technique for the analysis of nanoscale structures and dimensions, e.g., in liquid dispersions, thin solid objects or powder samples. When combined with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), complementary information about the atomic structure can be obtained. SAXS experiments traditionally require dedicated instruments to achieve the desired angular resolution, sensitivity, stability, and speed of measurement. Here we demonstrate how a multi-functional laboratory goniometer platform, as widely being used for powder X-ray diffraction and for a variety of related techniques, can be configured with pre-aligned X-ray modules that enable advanced SAXS/WAXS experiments, without compromising the exceptional versatility of the instrument. Line and point collimation setups, as well as quick and easy switching between them, are readily possible. Key components are a detachable, evacuated beam path and a high-resolution, low-noise hybrid pixel area detector, in combination with a hardware interface design that allows to configure the instrument with different X-ray modules without the need for re-alignment. Software for SAXS data reduction and analysis was developed. The good SAXS/WAXS performance and the derived analytical results were verified on various test samples, such as gold nanoparticles, colloidal silica, liposomes, dilute protein solutions, and solid polymer samples. It is believed that this novel approach to SAXS/WAXS instrumentation will help to make this powerful structure analysis technique more widely accessible and affordable for multi-user laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bolze
- Malvern Panalytical, Lelyweg 1, Almelo 7602 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Kogan
- Dannalab B.V., Wethouder Beversstraat 185, Enschede 7543 BK, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Beckers
- Malvern Panalytical, Lelyweg 1, Almelo 7602 EA, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Fransen
- Malvern Panalytical, Lelyweg 1, Almelo 7602 EA, The Netherlands
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10
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Wood K, Mata JP, Garvey CJ, Wu CM, Hamilton WA, Abbeywick P, Bartlett D, Bartsch F, Baxter P, Booth N, Brown W, Christoforidis J, Clowes D, d'Adam T, Darmann F, Deura M, Harrison S, Hauser N, Horton G, Federici D, Franceschini F, Hanson P, Imamovic E, Imperia P, Jones M, Kennedy S, Kim S, Lam T, Lee WT, Lesha M, Mannicke D, Noakes T, Olsen SR, Osborn JC, Penny D, Perry M, Pullen SA, Robinson RA, Schulz JC, Xiong N, Gilbert EP. QUOKKA, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor, Australia: design, performance, operation and scientific highlights. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
QUOKKA is a 40 m pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument in routine user operation at the OPAL research reactor at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Operating with a neutron velocity selector enabling variable wavelength, QUOKKA has an adjustable collimation system providing source–sample distances of up to 20 m. Following the large-area sample position, a two-dimensional 1 m2position-sensitive detector measures neutrons scattered from the sample over a secondary flight path of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam polarization and analysis capability as well as lens focusing optics, QUOKKA has been designed as a general purpose SANS instrument to conduct research across a broad range of scientific disciplines, from structural biology to magnetism. As it has recently generated its first 100 publications through serving the needs of the domestic and international user communities, it is timely to detail a description of its as-built design, performance and operation as well as its scientific highlights. Scientific examples presented here reflect the Australian context, as do the industrial applications, many combined with innovative and unique sample environments.
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11
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Pauw BR, Smith AJ, Snow T, Terrill NJ, Thünemann AF. The modular small-angle X-ray scattering data correction sequence. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:1800-1811. [PMID: 29217992 PMCID: PMC5713144 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717015096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data correction is probably the least favourite activity amongst users experimenting with small-angle X-ray scattering: if it is not done sufficiently well, this may become evident only during the data analysis stage, necessitating the repetition of the data corrections from scratch. A recommended comprehensive sequence of elementary data correction steps is presented here to alleviate the difficulties associated with data correction, both in the laboratory and at the synchrotron. When applied in the proposed order to the raw signals, the resulting absolute scattering cross section will provide a high degree of accuracy for a very wide range of samples, with its values accompanied by uncertainty estimates. The method can be applied without modification to any pinhole-collimated instruments with photon-counting direct-detection area detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. R. Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - T. Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - N. J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - A. F. Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Salt induced polystyrene latex flocs investigated by neutron scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Pauw BR, Kästner C, Thünemann AF. Nanoparticle size distribution quantification: results of a small-angle X-ray scattering inter-laboratory comparison. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:1280-1288. [PMID: 29021732 PMCID: PMC5627679 DOI: 10.1107/s160057671701010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first worldwide inter-laboratory comparison of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for nanoparticle sizing. The measurands in this comparison are the mean particle radius, the width of the size distribution and the particle concentration. The investigated sample consists of dispersed silver nanoparticles, surrounded by a stabilizing polymeric shell of poly(acrylic acid). The silver cores dominate the X-ray scattering pattern, leading to the determination of their radius size distribution using (i) the generalized indirect Fourier transformation method, (ii) classical model fitting using SASfit and (iii) a Monte Carlo fitting approach using McSAS. The application of these three methods to the collected data sets from the various laboratories produces consistent mean number- and volume-weighted core radii of Rn = 2.76 (6) nm and Rv = 3.20 (4) nm, respectively. The corresponding widths of the lognormal radius distribution of the particles were σn = 0.65 (1) nm and σv = 0.71 (1) nm. The particle concentration determined using this method was 3.0 (4) g l-1 or 4.2 (7) × 10-6 mol l-1. These results are affected slightly by the choice of data evaluation procedure, but not by the instruments: the participating laboratories at synchrotron SAXS beamlines, commercial and in-house-designed instruments were all able to provide highly consistent data. This demonstrates that SAXS is a suitable method for revealing particle size distributions in the sub-20 nm region (at minimum), out of reach for most other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Pauw
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Kästner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Nouhi S, Hellsing MS, Kapaklis V, Rennie AR. Grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering from structures below an interface. J Appl Crystallogr 2017; 50:1066-1074. [PMID: 28808432 PMCID: PMC5541351 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of scattering are observed as the grazing angle of incidence of an incoming beam increases and probes different depths in samples. A model has been developed to describe the observed intensity in grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS) experiments. This includes the significant effects of instrument resolution, the sample transmission, which depends on both absorption and scattering, and the sample structure. The calculations are tested with self-organized structures of two colloidal samples with different size particles that were measured on two different instruments. The model allows calculations for various instruments with defined resolution and can be used to design future improved experiments. The possibilities and limits of GISANS for different studies are discussed using the model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Nouhi
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja S. Hellsing
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vassilios Kapaklis
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian R. Rennie
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Bergenholtz J, Ulama J, Zackrisson Oskolkova M. Analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering data in the presence of significant instrumental smearing. J Appl Crystallogr 2016; 49:47-54. [PMID: 26937235 PMCID: PMC4762572 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715023444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, numerically efficient method has been developed to account for instrumental resolution effects on isotropic small-angle X-ray scattering with pinhole collimation. A laboratory-scale small-angle X-ray scattering instrument with pinhole collimation has been used to assess smearing effects due to instrumental resolution. A new, numerically efficient method to smear ideal model intensities is developed and presented. It allows for directly using measured profiles of isotropic but otherwise arbitrary beams in smearing calculations. Samples of low-polydispersity polymer spheres have been used to show that scattering data can in this way be quantitatively modeled even when there is substantial distortion due to instrumental resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bergenholtz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Ulama
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Malin Zackrisson Oskolkova
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Forth J, French DJ, Gromov AV, King S, Titmuss S, Lord KM, Ridout MJ, Wilde PJ, Clegg PS. Temperature- and pH-Dependent Shattering: Insoluble Fatty Ammonium Phosphate Films at Water-Oil Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9312-9324. [PMID: 26263177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the films formed by tetradecylamine (TDA) at the water-dodecane interface in the presence of hydrogen phosphate ions. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), interfacial shear rheology, confocal fluorescence microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we find that between pH 5 and 8 tetradecylammonium cations bind to hydrogen phosphate anions to form needle-shaped crystallites of tetradecylammonium hydrogen phosphate (TAHP). These crystallites self-assemble into films with a range of morphologies; below pH 7, they form brittle, continuous sheets, and at pH 8, they form lace-like networks that deform plastically under shear. They are also temperature-responsive: when the system is heated, the film thins and its rheological moduli drop. We find that the temperature response is caused by dissolution of the film in to the bulk fluid phases. Finally, we show that these films can be used to stabilize temperature-responsive water-in-oil emulsions with potential applications in controlled release of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Forth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - David J French
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Andrei V Gromov
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Stephen King
- STFC ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Simon Titmuss
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Kathryn M Lord
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3BF, U.K
| | - Mike J Ridout
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Pete J Wilde
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Paul S Clegg
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
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Pedersen MC, Hansen SL, Markussen B, Arleth L, Mortensen K. Quantification of the information in small-angle scattering data. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering have become increasingly popular owing to improvements in instrumentation and developments in data analysis, sample handling and sample preparation. For some time, it has been suggested that a more systematic approach to the quantification of the information content in small-angle scattering data would allow for a more optimal experiment planning and a more reliable data analysis. In the present article, it is shown how ray-tracing techniques in combination with a statistically rigorous data analysis provide an appropriate platform for such a systematic quantification of the information content in scattering data. As examples of applications, it is shown how the exposure time at different instrumental settings or contrast situations can be optimally prioritized in an experiment. Also, the gain in information by combining small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering is assessed. While solution small-angle scattering data of proteins and protein–lipid complexes are used as examples in the present case study, the approach is generalizable to a wide range of other samples and experimental techniques. The source code for the algorithms and ray-tracing components developed for this study has been made available on-line.
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Structure of flocs of latex particles formed by addition of protein from Moringa seeds. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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