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Saber M, Reynolds C, Li J, Pollock TM, Van der Ven A. Chemical and Structural Factors Affecting the Stability of Wadsley-Roth Block Phases. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17317-17332. [PMID: 37816157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Wadsley-Roth phases have emerged as highly promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries and are an important class of phases that can form as part of the oxide scales of refractory multiprinciple element alloys. An algorithmic approach is described to systematically enumerate two classes of Wadsley-Roth crystallographic shear structures. An analysis of algorithmically generated Wadsley-Roth phases reveals that a diverse set of oxide crystal structures belongs to the Wadsley-Roth family of phases. First-principles calculations enable the identification of crystallographic and chemical factors that affect Wadsley-Roth phase stability, pointing in particular to the importance of the number and nature of the edges shared by neighboring metal-oxygen octahedra. A systematic study of Wadsley-Roth phases in the Ti-Nb-O ternary system shows that the cations with the highest oxidation states segregate to octahedral sites that minimize the number of shared edges, while cations with the lowest oxidation state accumulate to edge-sharing octahedra at shear boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Saber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Colleen Reynolds
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jonathan Li
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tresa M Pollock
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anton Van der Ven
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Patterson A, Elizalde-Segovia R, Wyckoff KE, Zohar A, Ding PP, Turner WM, Poeppelmeier KR, Narayan SR, Clément R, Seshadri R, Griffith KJ. Rapid and Reversible Lithium Insertion in the Wadsley-Roth-Derived Phase NaNb 13O 33. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:6364-6373. [PMID: 37637013 PMCID: PMC10449011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of new high-performing battery materials is critical for meeting the energy storage requirements of portable electronics and electrified transportation applications. Owing to their exceptionally high rate capabilities, high volumetric capacities, and long cycle lives, Wadsley-Roth compounds are promising anode materials for fast-charging and high-power lithium-ion batteries. Here, we present a study of the Wadsley-Roth-derived NaNb13O33 phase and examine its structure and lithium insertion behavior. Structural insights from combined neutron and synchrotron diffraction as well as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are presented. Solid-state NMR, in conjunction with neutron diffraction, reveals the presence of sodium ions in perovskite A-site-like block interior sites as well as square-planar block corner sites. Through combined experimental and computational studies, the high rate performance of this anode material is demonstrated and rationalized. A gravimetric capacity of 225 mA h g-1, indicating multielectron redox of Nb, is accessible at slow cycling rates. At a high rate, 100 mA h g-1 of capacity is accessible in 3 min for micrometer-scale particles. Bond-valence mapping suggests that this high-rate performance stems from fast multichannel lithium diffusion involving octahedral block interior sites. Differential capacity analysis is used to identify optimal cycling rates for long-term performance, and an 80% capacity retention is achieved over 600 cycles with 30 min charging and discharging intervals. These initial results place NaNb13O33 within the ranks of promising new high-rate lithium-ion battery anode materials that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlea
R. Patterson
- Materials
Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rodrigo Elizalde-Segovia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Kira E. Wyckoff
- Materials
Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arava Zohar
- Materials
Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Patrick P. Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wiley M. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Sri R. Narayan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Raphaële
J. Clément
- Materials
Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials
Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kent J. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Cai C, Gao L, Sun T, Koenig GM. Stable Multicomponent Multiphase All Active Material Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have been the state-of-the-art energy storage technology for many applications. Energy density can be further improved by engineering of the electrode architecture and microstructure, in addition to more common improvements via materials chemistry. All active material (AAM) electrodes consist of only the electroactive material that stores energy, and such electrodes have advantages to conventional composite processing with regards to improved mechanical stability at increased thicknesses and ion transport properties. However, the absence of binders and composite processing makes the electrode more vulnerable to electroactive materials with volume change upon cycling. Also, the electroactive material must have sufficient electronic conductivity to avoid large matrix electronic overpotentials during electrochemical cycling. TiNb2O7 (TNO) and MoO2 (MO) are electroactive materials with potential advantages as AAM electrodes due to relatively high volumetric energy density. TNO has higher energy density, and MO has much higher electronic conductivity, and thus a multicomponent blend of these materials was evaluated as an AAM anode. Herein, blends of TNO and MO as AAM anodes were investigated, where this is the first use of a multicomponent AAM anode. Electrodes that had both TNO and MO had the highest volumetric energy density, rate capability, and cycle life relative to single component TNO and MO anodes. Thus, using multicomponent materials provides a route to improve AAM electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
| | - Lin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Gary M Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States
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Hodeau JL, Marezio M. Correlation between the twinning process and oxygen insertion in CeNbO4+x phases. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shen F, Sun Z, He Q, Sun J, Kaner RB, Shao Y. Niobium pentoxide based materials for high rate rechargeable electrochemical energy storage. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1130-1152. [PMID: 34821908 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for high rate energy storage systems is continuously increasing driven by portable electronics, hybrid/electric vehicles and the need for balancing the smart grid. Accordingly, Nb2O5 based materials have gained great attention because of their fast cation intercalation faradaic charge storage that endows them with high rate energy storage performance. In this review, we describe the crystalline features of the five main phases of Nb2O5 and analyze their specific electrochemical characteristics with an emphasis on the intrinsic ion intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior of T-Nb2O5. The charge storage mechanisms, electrochemical performance and state-of-the-art characterization techniques for Nb2O5 anodes are summarized. Next, we review recent progress in developing various types of Nb2O5 based fast charging electrode materials, including Nb2O5 based mixed metal oxides and composites. Finally, we highlight the major challenges for Nb2O5 based materials in the realm of high rate rechargeable energy storage and provide perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, 215006 Suzhou, P. R. China.
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Griffith KJ, Senyshyn A, Grey CP. Structural Stability from Crystallographic Shear in TiO 2-Nb 2O 5 Phases: Cation Ordering and Lithiation Behavior of TiNb 24O 62. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4002-4010. [PMID: 28319367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The host structure and reversible lithium insertion and extraction of an intercalation compound, TiNb24O62, are described. Neutron diffraction, applied for the first time to TiNb24O62, allowed an accurate refinement of the complex block superstructure, particularly with respect to the oxygen sublattice. Analysis of the transition-metal sites revealed significant cation ordering in the mixed-metal oxide. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated highly reversible lithium intercalation with ca. 190 mA·h·g-1 after 100 cycles (C/10 rate, 3 months). The effect of the potential window on the capacity, polarization, and reversibility was carefully examined; a minimum voltage limit of 1.1-1.2 V is critical for efficient and reversible cycling. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique revealed three solid-solution regions, with different lithium diffusivities, in addition to the two-phase plateau that was clearly observed in the V versus Q discharge/charge profile. Lithium-ion diffusion decreases by over 3 orders of magnitude from the dilute lithium limit early in the discharge to the lithium-stuffed phase Li37.5(1.0)TiNb24O62. Nevertheless, prior to lithium stuffing, TiNb24O62 possesses intrinsically rapid lithium-ion kinetics, as demonstrated by the high-rate performance in thick films of ca. 10 μm particles when interfaced with a carbon-coated aluminum foil substrate. The TiO2·Nb2O5 phase diagram is examined and electrochemical results are compared to related superstructures of crystallographically sheared blocks of octahedra in the TiO2·Nb2O5 homologous series including the H-Nb2O5 end member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent J Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Yang C, Deng S, Lin C, Lin S, Chen Y, Li J, Wu H. Porous TiNb 24O 62 microspheres as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18792-18799. [PMID: 27805217 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
TiNb24O62 is explored as a new anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Microsized TiNb24O62 particles (M-TiNb24O62) are fabricated through a simple solid-state reaction method and porous TiNb24O62 microspheres (P-TiNb24O62) are synthesized through a facile solvothermal method for the first time. TiNb24O62 exhibits a Wadsley-Roth shear structure with a structural unit composed of a 3 × 4 octahedron-block and a 0.5 tetrahedron at the block-corner. P-TiNb24O62 with an average sphere size of ∼2 μm is constructed by nanoparticles with an average size of ∼100 nm, forming inter-particle pores with a size of ∼8 nm and inter-sphere pores with a size of ∼55 nm. Such desirable porous microspheres are an ideal architecture for enhancing the electrochemical performances by shortening the transport distance of electrons/Li+-ions and increasing the reaction area. Consequently, P-TiNb24O62 presents outstanding electrochemical performances in terms of specific capacity, rate capability and cyclic stability. The reversible capacities of P-TiNb24O62 are, respectively, as large as 296, 277, 261, 245, 222, 202 and 181 mA h g-1 at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 C, which are obviously larger than those of M-TiNb24O62 (258, 226, 210, 191, 166, 147 and 121 mA h g-1). At 10 C, the capacity of P-TiNb24O62 still remains at 183 mA h g-1 over 500 cycles with a decay of only 0.02% per cycle, whereas the corresponding values of M-TiNb24O62 are 119 mA h g-1 and 0.04%. These impressive results indicate that P-TiNb24O62 can be a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Shengjue Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Shiwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Jianbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Nakhal S, Lumey MW, Bredow T, Dronskowski R, Lerch M. Synthesis and Approximated Crystal and Electronic Structure of a Proposed New Tantalum Oxide Nitride Ta3O6N. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Oshovsky GV, Reinhoudt DN, Verboom W. Self-Assembled Hemicapsules with Inherent Functionalities: Modeling of a Supramolecular Electrostatic Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7441-8. [PMID: 16958540 DOI: 10.1021/jo061344w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach to functional self-assembled hemicapsules is described consisting of the use of multivalent (valency > or = 4) and divalent components, the functional groups of which have a relatively weak binding affinity. Electrostatic self-assembly of tetrakis(pyridiniummethyl)cavitand hemispheres (H) and doubly charged anions (A) in polar media gives rise to an equilibrium mixture that consists, as detected with ESI-MS, of hemicapsule H2A3, capsule H2A4, and other ion-pair associates. Fitting 1H NMR data with a model that includes (hemi)capsules and ion-pair associates gave an effective molarity (EM) for the intramolecular assembly of the host (H) with sulfate (A) of 0.19 +/- 0.02 M and binding constants of the functional [2 + 3] hemicapsules H2A3 and the [2 + 4] capsules H(2)A(4) in methanol of 3.25 x 10(12) M(-4) and 3.45 x 10(15) M(-5), respectively. A substantial amount of the functional [2 + 3] hemicapsules H2A3 with respect to [2 + 4] capsules H2A4 is present in solution, with ratios of H2A3 to H2A4 of 5.67-0.43 in the studied concentration range (0.1-25 mM of [H]tot). The [2 + 3] hemicapsules H2A3 built with sulfate linkers incorporate guests between the closely positioned pyridinium planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Oshovsky
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA Research Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Deng S, Zhuang H, Huang J. The synthesis, crystal structure and electrical properties of [FexMn1−x]Ta(O2)O2 with x ≈ 0.3. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(92)90068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Ross R, Dagef�rde F, Gruehn R. Beitr�ge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtst�chiometrischer Verbindungen. XLII. Darstellung und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von ?-MNb24O62 und MNb52O132 (M = Zr, Hf). Z Anorg Allg Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19915980125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Forghany S, Cheetham A, Olsen A. X-ray microanalysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the reduced titanium-niobium oxides. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(87)90238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Hussain A, Reitz B, Gruehn R. Contributions to the investigation of inorganic non-stoichiometric compounds. XXXI. A New NbOx Phase with �-ZrNb24O62 structure. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19865350421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Nioboxidfluoride mit Blockstrukturen ? Elektronenmikroskopische Durchstrahlungsaufnahmen und ihre Simulation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00811099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Groh H, Reitz B, Gruehn R, Mertin W. V3Nb9O29, erstes Beispiel einer langgesuchten Blockstruktur. Naturwissenschaften 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00364897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Meyer B, Gruehn R. Beitr�ge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtst�chiometrischer Verbindungen. XIV. Oxydationsprodukte von orthorhombischem Nb12O29 Elektronenoptische Untersuchung. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19824840107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Meyer B, Gruehn R. Beitr�ge zur Untersuchung anorganischer nichtst�chiometrischer Verbindungen. XIII. Oxydationsprodukte von monoklinem Nb12O29 Elektronenoptische Untersuchung. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19824840106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Heurung G, Gruehn R. Elektronenmikroskopische strukturuntersuchung an WO3-haltigen niob(v) oxidkristallen — system Nb2O5-WO3(II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(80)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Coherent interfaces: Efficient boundary conditions in solid state reactivity. Study in V2O5AlNbO4, V2O5GaNbO4, and V2O5TiNb2O7 systems. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(80)90269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Allpress J, Iijima S, Roth R, Stephenson N. Structural studies by electron microscopy: High-resolution observations on β-ZrO2·12Nb2O5. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(73)90126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kimura S. Phase equilibria in the system NbO2Nb2O5: Phase relations at 1300 and 1400°C and related thermodynamic treatment. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(73)90236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Allpress J, Roth R. Structural studies by electron microscopy: Polymorphism of ZrO2 · 12Nb2O5. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(70)90094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gruehn R, Norin R. Beitr�ge zur Chemie der Elemente Niob und Tantal. 74. Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von NbO2,464. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19693670502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andersson S. Studies on the rates of reaction between molybdenum trioxide vapour and solid niobium pentoxides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19693660111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Beitr�ge zur Chemie der Elemente Niob und Tantal. LXXI. Die thermodynamische Stabilit�t der sieben zwischen 2,00 und 2,50 O/Nb existierenden Phasen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19693650106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Gruehn R, Norin R. Beitr�ge zur Chemie der Elemente Niob und Tantal. 63. Zur Darstellung und Kristallstruktur von NbO2,48 3. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1967. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19673550309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Crystallographic Shear and Diffusion Paths in Certain Higher Oxides of Niobium, Tungsten, Molybdenum and Titanium. Nature 1966. [DOI: 10.1038/211581a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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