1
|
Natashin PV, Burakova LP, Kovaleva MI, Shevtsov MB, Dmitrieva DA, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Mishin AV, Borshchevskiy VI, Vysotski ES. The Role of Tyr-His-Trp Triad and Water Molecule Near the N1-Atom of 2-Hydroperoxycoelenterazine in Bioluminescence of Hydromedusan Photoproteins: Structural and Mutagenesis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076869. [PMID: 37047842 PMCID: PMC10095345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydromedusan photoproteins responsible for the bioluminescence of a variety of marine jellyfish and hydroids are a unique biochemical system recognized as a stable enzyme-substrate complex consisting of apoprotein and preoxygenated coelenterazine, which is tightly bound in the protein inner cavity. The binding of calcium ions to the photoprotein molecule is only required to initiate the light emission reaction. Although numerous experimental and theoretical studies on the bioluminescence of these photoproteins were performed, many features of their functioning are yet unclear. In particular, which ionic state of dioxetanone intermediate decomposes to yield a coelenteramide in an excited state and the role of the water molecule residing in a proximity to the N1 atom of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine in the bioluminescence reaction are still under discussion. With the aim to elucidate the function of this water molecule as well as to pinpoint the amino acid residues presumably involved in the protonation of the primarily formed dioxetanone anion, we constructed a set of single and double obelin and aequorin mutants with substitutions of His, Trp, Tyr, and Ser to residues with different properties of side chains and investigated their bioluminescence properties (specific activity, bioluminescence spectra, stopped-flow kinetics, and fluorescence spectra of Ca2+-discharged photoproteins). Moreover, we determined the spatial structure of the obelin mutant with a substitution of His64, the key residue of the presumable proton transfer, to Phe. On the ground of the bioluminescence properties of the obelin and aequorin mutants as well as the spatial structures of the obelin mutants with the replacements of His64 and Tyr138, the conclusion was made that, in fact, His residue of the Tyr-His-Trp triad and the water molecule perform the "catalytic function" by transferring the proton from solvent to the dioxetanone anion to generate its neutral ionic state in complex with water, as only the decomposition of this form of dioxetanone can provide the highest light output in the light-emitting reaction of the hydromedusan photoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Margarita I Kovaleva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Mikhail B Shevtsov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burakova LP, Vysotski ES. Recombinant Ca 2+-regulated photoproteins of ctenophores: current knowledge and application prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5929-5946. [PMID: 31172204 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bright bioluminescence of ctenophores is conditioned by Ca2+-regulated photoproteins. Although they share many properties characteristic of hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins responsible for light emission of marine animals belonging to phylum Cnidaria, a substantial distinction still exists. The ctenophore photoproteins appeared to be extremely sensitive to light-they lose the ability for bioluminescence on exposure to light over the entire absorption spectrum. Inactivation is irreversible because keeping the inactivated photoprotein in the dark does not recover its activity. The capability to emit light can be restored only by incubation of inactivated photoprotein with coelenterazine in the dark at alkaline pH in the presence of oxygen. Although these photoproteins were discovered many years ago, only the cloning of cDNAs encoding these unique bioluminescent proteins in the early 2000s has provided a new impetus for their studies. To date, cDNAs encoding Ca2+-regulated photoproteins from four different species of luminous ctenophores have been cloned. The amino acid sequences of ctenophore photoproteins turned out to completely differ from those of hydromedusan photoproteins (identity less than 29%) though also similar to them having three EF-hand Ca2+-binding sites. At the same time, these photoproteins reveal the same two-domain scaffold characteristic of hydromedusan photoproteins. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through various articles regarding the structural features of recombinant light-sensitive Ca2+-regulated photoproteins of ctenophores and their bioluminescent and physicochemical properties as well as to compare them with those of hydromedusan photoproteins. In addition, we also discuss the prospects of their biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharifian S, Homaei A, Hemmati R, B Luwor R, Khajeh K. The emerging use of bioluminescence in medical research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:74-86. [PMID: 29477474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence is the light produced by a living organism and is commonly emitted by sea life with Ca2+-regulated photoproteins being the most responsible for bioluminescence emission. Marine coelenterates provide important functions involved in essential purposes such as defense, feeding, and breeding. In this review, the main characteristics of marine photoproteins including aequorin, clytin, obelin, berovin, pholasin and symplectin from different marine organisms will be discussed. We will focused on the recent use of recombinant photoproteins in different biomedical research fields including the measurement of Ca2+ in different intracellular compartments of animal cells, as labels in the design and development of binding assays. This review will also outline how bioluminescent photoproteins have been used in a plethora of analytical methods including ultra-sensitive assays and in vivo imaging of cellular processes. Due to their unique properties including elective intracellular distribution, wide dynamic range, high signal-to-noise ratio and low Ca2+-buffering effect, recombinant photoproteins represent a promising future analytical tool in several in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Level 5, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bioluminescent and biochemical properties of Cys-free Ca 2+ -regulated photoproteins obelin and aequorin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 174:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Eremeeva EV, Bartsev SI, van Berkel WJH, Vysotski ES. Unanimous Model for Describing the Fast Bioluminescence Kinetics of Ca2+-regulated Photoproteins of Different Organisms. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:495-502. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Sergey I. Bartsev
- Theoretical Biophysics Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | | | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS; Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”; Krasnoyarsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malikova NP, Borgdorff AJ, Vysotski ES. Semisynthetic photoprotein reporters for tracking fast Ca(2+) transients. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 14:2213-24. [PMID: 26508209 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00328h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intracellular concentration of free ionized calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) control a host of cellular processes as varied as vision, muscle contraction, neuronal signal transmission, proliferation, apoptosis etc. The disturbance in Ca(2+)-signaling causes many severe diseases. To understand the mechanisms underlying the control by calcium and how disorder of this regulation relates to pathological conditions, it is necessary to measure [Ca(2+)]i. The Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins which are responsible for bioluminescence of marine coelenterates have been successfully used for this purpose over the years. Here we report the results on comparative characterization of bioluminescence properties of aequorin from Aequorea victoria, obelin from Obelia longissima, and clytin from Clytia gregaria charged by native coelenterazine and coelenterazine analogues f, i, and hcp. The comparison of specific bioluminescence activity, stability, emission spectra, stopped-flow kinetics, sensitivity to calcium, and effect of physiological concentrations of Mg(2+) establishes obelin-hcp as an excellent semisynthetic photoprotein to keep track of fast intracellular Ca(2+) transients. The rate of rise of its light signal on a sudden change of [Ca(2+)] is almost 3- and 11-fold higher than those of obelin and aequorin with native coelenterazine, respectively, and 20 times higher than that of the corresponding aequorin-hcp. In addition, obelin-hcp preserves a high specific bioluminescence activity and displays higher Ca(2+)-sensitivity as compared to obelin charged by native coelenterazine and sensitivity to Ca(2+) comparable with those of aequorin-f and aequorin-hcp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Aren J Borgdorff
- Institut des Neurosciences Alfred Fessard, UPR 3294, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burakova LP, Natashin PV, Markova SV, Eremeeva EV, Malikova NP, Cheng C, Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES. Mitrocomin from the jellyfish Mitrocoma cellularia with deleted C-terminal tyrosine reveals a higher bioluminescence activity compared to wild type photoprotein. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:286-297. [PMID: 27395792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The full-length cDNA genes encoding five new isoforms of Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein mitrocomin from a small tissue sample of the outer bell margin containing photocytes of only one specimen of the luminous jellyfish Mitrocoma cellularia were cloned, sequenced, and characterized after their expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification. The analysis of cDNA nucleotide sequences encoding mitrocomin isoforms allowed suggestion that two isoforms might be the products of two allelic genes differing in one amino acid residue (64R/Q) whereas other isotypes appear as a result of transcriptional mutations. In addition, the crystal structure of mitrocomin was determined at 1.30Å resolution which expectedly revealed a high similarity with the structures of other hydromedusan photoproteins. Although mitrocomin isoforms reveal a high degree of identity of amino acid sequences, they vary in specific bioluminescence activities. At that, all isotypes displayed the identical bioluminescence spectra (473-474nm with no shoulder at 400nm). Fluorescence spectra of Ca(2+)-discharged mitrocomins were almost identical to their light emission spectra similar to the case of Ca(2+)-discharged aequorin, but different from Ca(2+)-discharged obelins and clytin which fluorescence is red-shifted by 25-30nm from bioluminescence spectra. The main distinction of mitrocomin from other hydromedusan photoproteins is an additional Tyr at the C-terminus. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that this Tyr is not important for bioluminescence because its deletion even increases specific activity and efficiency of apo-mitrocomin conversion into active photoprotein, in contrast to C-terminal Pro of other photoproteins. Since genes in a population generally exist as different isoforms, it makes us anticipate the cloning of even more isoforms of mitrocomin and other hydromedusan photoproteins with different bioluminescence properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila P Burakova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Pavel V Natashin
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Elena V Eremeeva
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Natalia P Malikova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Chongyun Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burakova LP, Natashin PV, Malikova NP, Niu F, Pu M, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. All Ca2+-binding loops of light-sensitive ctenophore photoprotein berovin bind magnesium ions: The spatial structure of Mg2+-loaded apo-berovin. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 154:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Characterization of hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins as a tool for measurement of Ca2+concentration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5715-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Bioluminescent properties of obelin and aequorin with novel coelenterazine analogues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2695-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Natashin PV, Ding W, Eremeeva EV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Structures of the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin Y138F mutant before and after bioluminescence support the catalytic function of a water molecule in the reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:720-32. [DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-regulated photoproteins, which are responsible for light emission in a variety of marine coelenterates, are a highly valuable tool for measuring Ca2+inside living cells. All of the photoproteins are a single-chain polypeptide to which a 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine molecule is tightly but noncovalently bound. Bioluminescence results from the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine, generating protein-bound coelenteramide in an excited state. Here, the crystal structures of the Y138F obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence are reported at 1.72 and 1.30 Å resolution, respectively. The comparison of the spatial structures of the conformational states of Y138F obelin with those of wild-type obelin gives clear evidence that the substitution of Tyr by Phe does not affect the overall structure of both Y138F obelin and its product following Ca2+discharge compared with the corresponding conformational states of wild-type obelin. Despite the similarity of the overall structures and internal cavities of Y138F and wild-type obelins, there is a substantial difference: in the cavity of Y138F obelin a water molecule corresponding to W2in wild-type obelin is not found. However, in Ca2+-discharged Y138F obelin this water molecule now appears in the same location. This finding, together with the observed much slower kinetics of Y138F obelin, clearly supports the hypothesis that the function of a water molecule in this location is to catalyze the 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine decarboxylation reaction by protonation of a dioxetanone anion before its decomposition into the excited-state product. Although obelin differs from other hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins in some of its properties, they are believed to share a common mechanism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Natashin PV, Markova SV, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Liu ZJ. Crystal structures of the F88Y obelin mutant before and after bioluminescence provide molecular insight into spectral tuning among hydromedusan photoproteins. FEBS J 2014; 281:1432-1445. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Natashin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - John Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Eugene S. Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory; Institute of Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch; Krasnoyarsk Russia
- Laboratory of Bioluminescence Biotechnology; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology; Siberian Federal University; Russia
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules; Institute of Biophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- iHuman Institute; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stepanyuk GA, Liu ZJ, Burakova LP, Lee J, Rose J, Vysotski ES, Wang BC. Spatial structure of the novel light-sensitive photoprotein berovin from the ctenophore Beroe abyssicola in the Ca2+-loaded apoprotein conformation state. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Role of key residues of obelin in coelenterazine binding and conversion into 2-hydroperoxy adduct. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Eremeeva EV, Natashin PV, Song L, Zhou Y, van Berkel WJH, Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES. Oxygen activation of apo-obelin-coelenterazine complex. Chembiochem 2013; 14:739-45. [PMID: 23494831 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) -regulated photoproteins use a noncovalently bound 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine ligand to emit light in response to Ca(2+) binding. To better understand the mechanism of formation of active photoprotein from apoprotein, coelenterazine and molecular oxygen, we investigated the spectral properties of the anaerobic apo-obelin-coelenterazine complex and the kinetics of its conversion into active photoprotein after exposure to air. Our studies suggest that coelenterazine bound within the anaerobic complex might be a mixture of N7-protonated and C2(-) anionic forms, and that oxygen shifts the equilibrium in favor of the C2(-) anion as a result of peroxy anion formation. Proton removal from N7 and further protonation of peroxy anion and the resulting formation of 2-hydroperoxycoelenterazine in obelin might occur with the assistance of His175. It is proposed that this conserved His residue might play a key role both in formation of active photoprotein and in Ca(2+) -triggering of the bioluminescence reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Eremeeva
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eremeeva EV, Vysotski ES, Westphal AH, van Mierlo CP, van Berkel WJ. Ligand binding and conformational states of the photoprotein obelin. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:4173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Markova SV, Burakova LP, Golz S, Malikova NP, Frank LA, Vysotski ES. The light-sensitive photoprotein berovin from the bioluminescent ctenophore Beroe abyssicola: a novel type of Ca2+-regulated photoprotein. FEBS J 2012; 279:856-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Coelenterazine-v ligated to Ca2+-triggered coelenterazine-binding protein is a stable and efficient substrate of the red-shifted mutant of Renilla muelleri luciferase. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1809-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Markova SV, Burakova LP, Frank LA, Golz S, Korostileva KA, Vysotski ES. Green-fluorescent protein from the bioluminescent jellyfish Clytia gregaria: cDNA cloning, expression, and characterization of novel recombinant protein. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:757-65. [PMID: 20442953 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioluminescent systems of many marine organisms are comprised of two proteins--the Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein and green-fluorescent protein (GFP). This work reports the cloning of the full-size cDNA encoding GFP (cgreGFP) from jellyfish Clytia gregaria, its expression and properties of the recombinant protein. The overall degree of identity between the amino acid sequence of the novel cgreGFP and the sequence of GFP (avGFP) from Aequorea victoria is 42% (similarity--64%) despite these GFPs originating from jellyfish that both belong to the same class, Hydrozoa. However although the degree of identity is low, three residues, Ser-Tyr-Gly, which form the chromophore are identical in both GFPs. The cgreGFP displayed two absorption peaks at 278 and 485 nm, and the fluorescence maximum at 500 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield was determined to be 0.86, the brightness to be 54 mM(-1) cm(-1). For the first time we have also demonstrated an efficient radiationless energy transfer in vitro between clytin and cgreGFP in solution at micromolar concentrations. The cgreGFP may be a useful intracellular fluorescent marker, as it was able to be expressed in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch, Akademgorodok 50, Bldg. 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
van Oort B, Eremeeva EV, Koehorst RBM, Laptenok SP, van Amerongen H, van Berkel WJH, Malikova NP, Markova SV, Vysotski ES, Visser AJWG, Lee J. Picosecond fluorescence relaxation spectroscopy of the calcium-discharged photoproteins aequorin and obelin. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10486-91. [PMID: 19810751 DOI: 10.1021/bi901436m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addition of calcium ions to the Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins, such as aequorin and obelin, produces a blue bioluminescence originating from a fluorescence transition of the protein-bound product, coelenteramide. The kinetics of several transient fluorescent species of the bound coelenteramide is resolved after picosecond-laser excitation and streak camera detection. The initially formed spectral distributions at picosecond-times are broad, evidently comprised of two contributions, one at higher energy (approximately 25,000 cm(-1)) assigned as from the Ca(2+)-discharged photoprotein-bound coelenteramide in its neutral state. This component decays much more rapidly (t(1/2) approximately 2 ps) in the case of the Ca(2+)-discharged obelin than aequorin (t(1/2) approximately 30 ps). The second component at lower energy shows several intermediates in the 150-500 ps times, with a final species having spectral maxima 19 400 cm(-1), bound to Ca(2+)-discharged obelin, and 21 300 cm(-1), bound to Ca(2+)-discharged aequorin, and both have a fluorescence decay lifetime of 4 ns. It is proposed that the rapid kinetics of these fluorescence transients on the picosecond time scale, correspond to times for relaxation of the protein structural environment of the binding cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart van Oort
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
The intrinsic fluorescence of apo-obelin and apo-aequorin and use of its quenching to characterize coelenterazine binding. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1939-44. [PMID: 19426732 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic fluorescence of two apo-photoproteins has been characterized and its concentration-dependent quenching by coelenterazine has been for the first time applied to determine the apparent dissociation constants for coelenterazine binding with apo-aequorin (1.2+/-0.12 microM) and apo-obelin (0.2+/-0.04 microM). Stopped-flow measurements of fluorescence quenching showed that coelenterazine binding is a millisecond-scale process, in contrast to the formation of an active photoprotein complex taking several hours. This finding evidently shows that the rate-limiting step of active photoprotein formation is the conversion of coelenterazine into its 2-hydroperoxy derivative.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stepanyuk GA, Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES, Lee J, Rose JP, Wang BC. Structure based mechanism of the Ca(2+)-induced release of coelenterazine from the Renilla binding protein. Proteins 2009; 74:583-93. [PMID: 18655070 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the Ca(2+)-loaded coelenterazine-binding protein from Renilla muelleri in its apo-state has been determined at resolution 1.8 A. Although calcium binding hardly affects the compact scaffold and overall fold of the structure before calcium addition, there are easily discerned shifts in the residues that were interacting with the coelenterazine and a repositioning of helices, to expose a cavity to the external solvent. Altogether these changes offer a straightforward explanation for how following the addition of Ca(2+), the coelenterazine could escape and become available for bioluminescence on Renilla luciferase. A docking computation supports the possibility of a luciferase-binding protein complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Stepanyuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Frank LA, Borisova VV, Markova SV, Malikova NP, Stepanyuk GA, Vysotski ES. Violet and greenish photoprotein obelin mutants for reporter applications in dual-color assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2891-6. [PMID: 18604525 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein obelin with altered color of bioluminescence were obtained by active-center amino acid substitution. The mutant W92F-H22E emits violet light (lambda(max) = 390 nm) and the mutant Y139F emits greenish light (lambda(max) = 498 nm), with small spectral overlap, both display high activity and stability and thus may be used as reporters. For demonstration, the mutants were applied in dual-color simultaneous immunoassay of two gonadotropic hormones-follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Bioluminescence of the reporters was simultaneously triggered by single injection of Ca(2+) solution, divided using band-pass optical filters and measured with a two-channel photometer. The sensitivity of simultaneous bioluminescence assay was close to that of a separate radioimmunoassay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Frank
- Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borisova VV, Frank LA, Markova SV, Burakova LP, Vysotski ES. Recombinant Metridia luciferase isoforms: expression, refolding and applicability for in vitro assay. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1025-31. [PMID: 18754048 DOI: 10.1039/b807271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant coelenterazine-dependent luciferases (isoforms MLuc164 and MLuc39) from the marine copepod Metridia longa were expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli cells, dissolved in 6 M guanidinium chloride and folded in conditions developed for proteins containing intramolecular disulfide bonds. One of them (MLuc39) was obtained in an active monomeric form with a high yield. The luciferase bioluminescence is found to be initiated not only by free coelenterazine, but also by Ca2+-dependent coelenterazine-binding protein (CBP) of Renilla muelleri on Ca2+ addition. The use of CBP as a "substrate" provides higher light emission and simultaneously the lower level of background. The high purity MLuc39 can be detected down to attomol with a linear range extending over 5 orders of magnitude. The MLuc39 reveals also a high stability towards heating and chemical modification; the chemically synthesized biotinylated derivatives of the luciferase preserve 35-40% of the initial activity. The luciferase applicability as an in vitro bioluminescent reporter is demonstrated in model tandem bioluminescent solid-phase microassay combining the Ca2+-regulated photoprotein obelin and the Metridia luciferase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa V Borisova
- Photobiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stepanyuk GA, Liu ZJ, Markova SS, Frank LA, Lee J, Vysotski ES, Wang BC. Crystal structure of coelenterazine-binding protein from Renilla muelleri at 1.7 Å: Why it is not a calcium-regulated photoprotein. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:442-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b716535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Titushin MS, Markova SV, Frank LA, Malikova NP, Stepanyuk GA, Lee J, Vysotski ES. Coelenterazine-binding protein of Renilla muelleri: cDNA cloning, overexpression, and characterization as a substrate of luciferase. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 7:189-96. [PMID: 18264586 DOI: 10.1039/b713109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Renilla bioluminescent system in vivo is comprised of three proteins--the luciferase, green-fluorescent protein, and coelenterazine-binding protein (CBP), previously called luciferin-binding protein (LBP). This work reports the cloning of the full-size cDNA encoding CBP from soft coral Renilla muelleri, its overexpression and properties of the recombinant protein. The apo-CBP was quantitatively converted to CBP by simple incubation with coelenterazine. The physicochemical properties of this recombinant CBP are determined to be practically the same as those reported for the CBP (LBP) of R. reniformis. CBP is a member of the four-EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding superfamily of proteins with only three of the EF-hand loops having the Ca(2+)-binding consensus sequences. There is weak sequence homology with the Ca(2+)-regulated photoproteins but only as a result of the necessary Ca(2+)-binding loop structure. In combination with Renilla luciferase, addition of only one Ca(2+) is sufficient to release the coelenterazine as a substrate for the luciferase for bioluminescence. This combination of the two proteins generates bioluminescence with higher reaction efficiency than using free coelenterazine alone as the substrate for luciferase. This increased quantum yield, a difference of bioluminescence spectra, and markedly different kinetics, implicate that a CBP-luciferase complex might be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim S Titushin
- Photobiology Lab, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu ZJ, Vysotski ES, Deng L, Lee J, Rose J, Wang BC. Atomic resolution structure of obelin: soaking with calcium enhances electron density of the second oxygen atom substituted at the C2-position of coelenterazine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 311:433-9. [PMID: 14592432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The spatial structure of the Ca(2+)-regulated photoprotein obelin has been solved to resolution of 1.1A. Two oxygen atoms are revealed substituted at the C2-position of the coelenterazine in contrast to the obelin structure at 1.73A resolution where one oxygen atom only was disclosed. The electron density of the second oxygen atom was very weak but after exposing the crystals to a trace of Ca(2+), the electron densities of both oxygen atoms became equally intense. In addition, one Ca(2+) was found bound in the loop of the first EF-hand motif. Four of the ligands were provided by protein residues Asp30, Asn32, Asn34, and the main chain oxygen of Lys36. The other two were from water molecules. From a comparison of B-factors for the residues constituting the active site, it is suggested that the variable electron densities observed in various photoprotein structures could be attributed to different mobilities of the peroxy oxygen atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|