Fuji S, Matsushita S, Hyodo K, Osaka M, Sakamoto H, Tanioka K, Miyakawa K, Kubota M, Hiramatsu Y, Tokunaga C. Association between endothelial function and micro-vascular remodeling measured by synchrotron radiation pulmonary micro-angiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;
64:597-603. [PMID:
27393332 DOI:
10.1007/s11748-016-0684-6]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease which causes increased vascular resistance. In this study, our purpose was to quantify the micro-vascular remodeling in monocrotaline-induced PAH rats using synchrotron radiation pulmonary micro-angiography (SRPA), a method we have previously established in an in vivo rat model. To determine the relationship between endothelial function and vascular remodeling, the local expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining.
METHODS
Monocrotaline-induced PAH rats were created by subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline. After 2 weeks, SRPA was performed at the Photon Factory of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. The internal diameters of pulmonary arterioles were measured using SRPA images. Semi-quantified analyses of ET-1, eNOS and VEGF expression in pulmonary arterioles were performed by immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS
Micro-vascular density and the internal diameters of pulmonary arterioles were significantly decreased in PAH. ET-1 expression was significantly increased in PAH compared with the control (1.53 ± 0.45 vs. 0.80 ± 0.14) and eNOS expression was significantly decreased in PAH compared with the control (1.12 ± 0.59 vs. 1.91 ± 0.66), although VEGF expression did not differ between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
SRPA can be effectively used for visualizing the decreased pulmonary micro-vasculature associated with PAH. Increased ET-1 expression and decreased eNOS expression may contribute to the proliferation and vasospasm of pulmonary arterioles induced by endothelial dysfunction due to PAH. This SRPA technology may help to identify a correlation between endothelial function and micro-vasculature remodeling in PAH.
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