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Chen Y, Yang Q, Ma D, Peng L, Mao Y, Zhou X, Deng Y, Yang W. Metal-organic frameworks/polydopamine coating endows polyetheretherketone with disinfection and osteogenicity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1909585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhang Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daichuan Ma
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Peng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurong Mao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhongwei Y, Akula S, Fu Z, de Garavilla L, Kervinen J, Thorpe M, Hellman L. Extended Cleavage Specificities of Rabbit and Guinea Pig Mast Cell Chymases: Two Highly Specific Leu-Ases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246340. [PMID: 31888202 PMCID: PMC6941018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine proteases constitute the major protein content of mast cell (MC) secretory granules. These proteases can generally be subdivided into chymases and tryptases based on their primary cleavage specificity. Here, we presented the extended cleavage specificities of a rabbit β-chymase and a guinea pig α-chymase. Analyses by phage display screening and a panel of recombinant substrates showed a marked similarity in catalytic activity between the enzymes, both being strict Leu-ases (cleaving on the carboxyl side of Leu). Amino acid sequence alignment of a panel of mammalian chymotryptic MC proteases and 3D structural modeling identified an unusual residue in the rabbit enzyme at position 216 (Thr instead of more common Gly), which is most likely critical for the Leu-ase specificity. Almost all mammals studied, except rabbit and guinea pig, express classical chymotryptic enzymes with similarly extended specificities, indicating an important role of chymase in MC biology. The rabbit and guinea pig are the only two mammalian species currently known to lack a classical MC chymase. Key questions are now how this major difference affects their MC function, and if genes of other loci can rescue the loss of a chymotryptic activity in MCs of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhongwei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Z.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Srinivas Akula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Z.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Zhirong Fu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Z.F.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Jukka Kervinen
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA;
| | - Michael Thorpe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Z.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Z.F.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)18-471-4532; Fax: +46-(0)18-471-4862
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Ozawa SI, Takahashi M, Yamaotsu N, Hirono S. Structure-based virtual screening for novel chymase inhibitors by in silico fragment mapping. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:102-108. [PMID: 30884446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The term chymase refers to a family of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases stored within the secretory granules of mast cells. Recently, a variety of small molecule inhibitors for chymase have been developed with a primary focus on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the expected therapeutic benefit of these chymase inhibitors, they have not been used clinically. Here, we attempted to identify new chymase inhibitors using a multistep structure-based virtual screening protocol combined with our knowledge-based in silico fragment mapping technique. The mapping procedure identified fragments with novel modes of interaction at the oxyanion hole of chymase. Next, we constructed a three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore model and retrieved eight candidate chymase inhibitors from a commercial database that included approximately five million compounds. This selection was achieved using a multistep virtual screening protocol, which combined a 3D pharmacophore-based search, docking calculations, and analyses of binding free energy. One of the eight compounds exhibited concentration-dependent chymase inhibitory activity, which could be further optimized to develop more potent chymase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yamaotsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Repurposing and Reformulation of the Antiparasitic Agent Flubendazole for Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis, a Neglected Fungal Disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01909-17. [PMID: 29311092 PMCID: PMC5913986 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01909-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for cryptococcal meningitis are limited by toxicity, global supply, and emergence of resistance. There is an urgent need to develop additional antifungal agents that are fungicidal within the central nervous system and preferably orally bioavailable. The benzimidazoles have broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity but also have in vitro antifungal activity that includes Cryptococcus neoformans. Flubendazole (a benzimidazole) has been reformulated by Janssen Pharmaceutica as an amorphous solid drug nanodispersion to develop an orally bioavailable medicine for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases such as onchocerciasis. We investigated the in vitro activity, the structure-activity-relationships, and both in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamics of flubendazole for cryptococcal meningitis. Flubendazole has potent in vitro activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with a modal MIC of 0.125 mg/liter using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology. Computer models provided an insight into the residues responsible for the binding of flubendazole to cryptococcal β-tubulin. Rapid fungicidal activity was evident in a hollow-fiber infection model of cryptococcal meningitis. The solid drug nanodispersion was orally bioavailable in mice with higher drug exposure in the cerebrum. The maximal dose of flubendazole (12 mg/kg of body weight/day) orally resulted in an ∼2 log10CFU/g reduction in fungal burden compared with that in vehicle-treated controls. Flubendazole was orally bioavailable in rabbits, but there were no quantifiable drug concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or cerebrum and no antifungal activity was demonstrated in either CSF or cerebrum. These studies provide evidence for the further study and development of the benzimidazole scaffold for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis.
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Chandramohan V, Nagaraju N, Rathod S, Kaphle A, Muddapur U. Identification of Deleterious SNPs and Their Effects on Structural Level in CHRNA3 Gene. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:159-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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