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Timoshenko J, Roldan Cuenya B. In Situ/ Operando Electrocatalyst Characterization by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:882-961. [PMID: 32986414 PMCID: PMC7844833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an indispensable method for probing the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of the active sites and establishing links between structural motifs in a catalyst, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties. Here we discuss the fundamental principles of the XAS method and describe the progress in the instrumentation and data analysis approaches undertaken for deciphering X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. Recent usages of XAS in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, with emphasis on examples concerning electrocatalysis, will be presented. The latter is a rapidly developing field with immense industrial applications but also unique challenges in terms of the experimental characterization restrictions and advanced modeling approaches required. This review will highlight the new insight that can be gained with XAS on complex real-world electrocatalysts including their working mechanisms and the dynamic processes taking place in the course of a chemical reaction. More specifically, we will discuss applications of in situ and operando XAS to probe the catalyst's interactions with the environment (support, electrolyte, ligands, adsorbates, reaction products, and intermediates) and its structural, chemical, and electronic transformations as it adapts to the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Timoshenko J, Frenkel AI. “Inverting” X-ray Absorption Spectra of Catalysts by Machine Learning in Search for Activity Descriptors. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis Timoshenko
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Mathew K, Zheng C, Winston D, Chen C, Dozier A, Rehr JJ, Ong SP, Persson KA. High-throughput computational X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sci Data 2018; 5:180151. [PMID: 30063226 PMCID: PMC6067047 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely-used materials characterization technique. In this work we present a database of computed XAS spectra, using the Green's formulation of the multiple scattering theory implemented in the FEFF code. With more than 500,000 K-edge X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) spectra for more than 40,000 unique materials, this database constitutes the largest existing collection of computed XAS spectra to date. The data is openly distributed via the Materials Project, enabling researchers across the world to access it for free and use it for comparisons with experiments and further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mathew
- Department of Materials Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald Winston
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan Dozier
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - John J Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Eilert A, Roberts FS, Friebel D, Nilsson A. Formation of Copper Catalysts for CO2 Reduction with High Ethylene/Methane Product Ratio Investigated with In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1466-1470. [PMID: 27045045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured copper cathodes are among the most efficient and selective catalysts to date for making multicarbon products from the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). We report an in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigation of the formation of a copper nanocube CO2RR catalyst with high activity that highly favors ethylene over methane production. The results show that the precursor for the copper nanocube formation is copper(I)-oxide, not copper(I)-chloride as previously assumed. A second route to an electrochemically similar material via a copper(II)-carbonate/hydroxide is also reported. This study highlights the importance of using oxidized copper precursors for constructing selective CO2 reduction catalysts and shows the precursor oxidation state does not affect the electrocatalyst selectivity toward ethylene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Eilert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 95305, United States
| | - F Sloan Roberts
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 95305, United States
| | - Daniel Friebel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 95305, United States
| | - Anders Nilsson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University , 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 95305, United States
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Peredkov S, Peters S, Al-Hada M, Erko A, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Structural investigation of supported Cun clusters under vacuum and ambient air conditions using EXAFS spectroscopy. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of deposited nanoclusters using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Peredkov
- IOAP
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - S. Peters
- IOAP
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - M. Al-Hada
- Department of Physics
- College of Education and Linguistics
- University of Amran
- Yemen
| | - A. Erko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - M. Neeb
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - W. Eberhardt
- IOAP
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- DESY
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Kelly SD, Hesterberg D, Ravel B. Analysis of Soils and Minerals Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. METHODS OF SOIL ANALYSIS PART 5-MINERALOGICAL METHODS 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser5.5.c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Kelly
- Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois
| | - D. Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - B. Ravel
- Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois
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Troyer LD, Tang Y, Borch T. Simultaneous reduction of arsenic(V) and uranium(VI) by mackinawite: role of uranyl arsenate precipitate formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:14326-14334. [PMID: 25383895 DOI: 10.1021/es5037496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) and arsenic (As) often occur together naturally and, as a result, can be co-contaminants at sites of uranium mining and processing, yet few studies have examined the simultaneous redox dynamics of U and As. This study examines the influence of arsenate (As(V)) on the reduction of uranyl (U(VI)) by the redox-active mineral mackinawite (FeS). As(V) was added to systems containing 47 or 470 μM U(VI) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 640 μM. In the absence of As(V), U was completely removed from solution and fully reduced to nano-uraninite (nano-UO2). While the addition of As(V) did not reduce U uptake, at As(V) concentrations above 320 μM, the reduction of U(VI) was limited due to the formation of a trögerite-like uranyl arsenate precipitate. The presence of U also significantly inhibited As(V) reduction. While less U(VI) reduction to nano-UO2 may take place in systems with high As(V) concentrations, formation of trögerite-like mineral phases may be an acceptable reclamation end point due to their high stability under oxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay D Troyer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Ravel B, Hester JR, Solé VA, Newville M. Towards data format standardization for X-ray absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:869-874. [PMID: 23093744 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512036886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A working group on data format standardization for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has recently formed under the auspices of the International X-ray Absorption Society and the XAFS Commission of the International Union of Crystallography. This group of beamline scientists and XAS practitioners has been tasked to propose data format standards to meet the needs of the world-wide XAS community. In this report, concepts for addressing three XAS data storage needs are presented: a single spectrum interchange format, a hierarchical format for multispectral X-ray experiment, and a relational database format for XAS data libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ravel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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van Genuchten CM, Addy SEA, Peña J, Gadgil AJ. Removing arsenic from synthetic groundwater with iron electrocoagulation: an Fe and As K-edge EXAFS study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:986-94. [PMID: 22132945 DOI: 10.1021/es201913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) using iron electrodes is a promising arsenic removal strategy for Bangladesh groundwater drinking supplies. EC is based on the rapid in situ dissolution of a sacrificial Fe(0) anode to generate iron precipitates with a high arsenic sorption affinity. We used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate the local coordination environment (<4.0 Å) of Fe and As in EC precipitates generated in synthetic Bangladesh groundwater (SBGW). Fe and As K-edge EXAFS spectra were found to be similar between samples regardless of the large range of current density (0.02, 1.1, 5.0, 100 mA/cm(2)) used to generate samples. Shell-by-shell fits of the Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra indicated that EC precipitates consist of primarily edge-sharing FeO(6) octahedra. The absence of corner-sharing FeO(6) octahedra implies that EC precipitates resemble nanoscale clusters (polymers) of edge-sharing octahedra that efficiently bind arsenic. Shell-by-shell fits of As K-edge EXAFS spectra show that arsenic, initially present as a mixture of As(III) and As(V), forms primarily binuclear, corner-sharing As(V) surface complexes on EC precipitates. This specific coordination geometry prevents the formation of FeO(6) corner-sharing linkages. Phosphate and silicate, abundant in SBGW, likely influence the structure of EC precipitates in a similar way by preventing FeO(6) corner-sharing linkages. This study provides a better understanding of the structure, reactivity, and colloidal stability of EC precipitates and the behavior of arsenic during EC. The results also offer useful constraints for predicting arsenic remobilization during the long-term disposal of EC sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Case M van Genuchten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
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