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Mazega A, Tarrés Q, Aguado R, Pèlach MÀ, Mutjé P, Ferreira PJT, Delgado-Aguilar M. Improving the Barrier Properties of Paper to Moisture, Air, and Grease with Nanocellulose-Based Coating Suspensions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203675. [PMID: 36296865 PMCID: PMC9609131 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging manufacturers often resort to lamination, typically with materials which are neither non-biodegradable nor biobased polymers, to confer barrier properties to paper and cardboard. The present work considers a greener solution: enhancing paper’s resistance to moisture, grease, and air by aqueous coating suspensions. For hydrophobization, a combined approach between nanocellulose and common esterifying agents was considered, but the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) remained excessively high for the goal of wrapping moisture-sensitive products (>600 g m−2 d−1). Nonetheless, oil-repellant surfaces were effectively obtained with nanocellulose, illite, sodium alginate, and/or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), reaching Kit ratings up to 11. Regarding air resistance, mineral-rich coatings attained values above 1000 Gurley s. In light of these results, nanocellulose, minerals, PVA, pullulan, alginate, and a non-ionic surfactant were combined for multi-purpose coating formulations. It is hypothesized that these materials decrease porosity while complementing each other’s flaws, e.g., PVA succeeds at decreasing porosity but has low dimensional stability. As an example, a suspension mostly constituted by nanocellulose, sizing agents, minerals and PVA yielded a WVTR of roughly 100 g m−2 d−1, a Kit rating of 12, and an air resistance above 300 s/100 mL. This indicates that multi-purpose coatings can be satisfactorily incorporated into paper structures for food packaging applications, although not as the food contact layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mazega
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Roberto Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Àngels Pèlach
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Paulo J. T. Ferreira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C. Maria Aurèlia Capmany, n°61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Beckett MA, Meena BI, Rixon TA, Coles SJ, Horton PN. Pentaborate(1-) Salts and a Tetraborate(2-) Salt Derived from C 2- or C 3-Linked Bis(alkylammonium) Dications: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structural (XRD) Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 25:molecules25010053. [PMID: 31877919 PMCID: PMC6982793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a number of pentaborate(1-) salts from cations arising from N-substituted α,α-, α,β-, and α,γ-diaminoalkanes has been attempted in aqueous solution from B(OH)3 and the appropriate diammine in a 10:1 ratio. Despite relatively mild work-up conditions the pentaborate(1-) salts prepared were not always as anticipated and the following compounds were isolated in good yield: [Me2NH(CH2)2NHMe2][B5O6(OH)4]2 (1), [Et2NH(CH2)2NHEt2][B5O6(OH)4]2 (2), [Et2NH2][B5O6(OH)4] (3), [Me2NH2][B5O6(OH)4] (4), [Me2NH(CH2)3NHMe2][B5O6(OH)4]2 (5), [Et2NH(CH2)3NHEt2][B5O6(OH)4]2 (6), [Me3NCH2CH=CH2][B5O6(OH)4] (7), and [Me3N(CH2)3NMe3] [B5O6(OH)4]2.0.5H2O (8). The tetraborate(2-) salt, [Me3N(CH2)2NMe3][B4O5(OH)4].2B(OH)3.2H2O (9) was obtained in moderate yield (41%) from a 3:1 reaction of B(OH)3 with [Me3N(CH2)2NMe3](OH)2. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C NMR and IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). BET analysis on materials derived thermally from selected samples (1, 2, 6, 7) all had porosities of < 1 m2/g, demonstrating that they were non-porous. Single-crystal XRD structures were obtained for 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 and all contain extensive H-bonded polyborate lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; (B.I.M.); (T.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1248-382-378
| | - Bashdar I. Meena
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; (B.I.M.); (T.A.R.)
| | - Thomas A. Rixon
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; (B.I.M.); (T.A.R.)
| | - Simon J. Coles
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (P.N.H.)
| | - Peter N. Horton
- Chemistry Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (P.N.H.)
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Kavlak İ, Kürkçüoğlu GS, Şahin O. Investigation of structural analysis and thermostatic properties of thermal and UV stabilizer as organometallic Sn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) barbiturate complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Imer MR, González M, Veiga N, Kremer C, Suescun L, Arizaga L. Synthesis, structural characterization and scalable preparation of new amino-zinc borates. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15736-15745. [PMID: 29095448 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03186f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc borates are very important industrial materials with applications that include fire retardants and preservatives in wood. In this work, we report the preparation of three novel zinc borates: [Zn(NH3)3B4O5(OH)4]·H2O (ZB1), Zn3(H2B3O7)2·2NH3·4H2O (ZB2), and [Zn(NH3)4][B4O5(OH)4]·4H2O (ZB3). The solid phases were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The crystal structures of ZB1 (monoclinic, Cc, a = 12.1972(8), b = 7.8314(5), c = 12.1441(8) Å and β = 107.404(5)°) and ZB3 (orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 15.0796(9), b = 11.8853(5) and c = 16.7606(8) Å) were determined. They are novel neutral Zn-polyborate complexes [Zn(NH3)3B4O5(OH)4] hydrate and [Zn(NH3)4][B4O5(OH)4] tetrahydrate salt, respectively. The complete assignment of infrared and Raman spectra was performed theoretically using DFT calculations. For ZB2 (obtained as a polycrystalline phase), powder X-ray diffraction confirmed a single phase and allowed the determination of the unit cell parameters and lattice type (rhombohedral, a = 36.78076 (6), c = 12.20052 (3) Å) with an expected formula Zn3(H2B3O7)2·2NH3·4H2O suggesting that this compound is a complex triborate. Furthermore, a low-cost scalable synthetic procedure for ZB1 starting from zinc oxide and boric acid in ammonia solution with a high yield is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Imer
- Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Liu L, Yang Y, Huang J, Dong X, Yang Z, Pan S. Design and Synthesis of a Series of Novel Mixed Borate and Carbonate Halides. Chemistry 2017; 23:10451-10459. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
| | - Junben Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
| | - Shilie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments of CASXinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CASXinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices 40-1 South Beijing Road Urumqi 830011 P. R. China
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Neiner D, Sevryugina YV, Harrower LS, Schubert DM. Structure and Properties of Sodium Enneaborate, Na 2[B 8O 11(OH) 4]·B(OH) 3·2H 2O. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7175-7181. [PMID: 28548501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Millions of tons of sodium borates are used annually by global industries in diverse applications important to modern society. The Na2O-B2O3-H2O phase diagram in the 0-100 °C temperature range contains 13 unique hydrated crystalline sodium borates, including five important industrial products. Structures were previously reported for each of these except for that having the highest boron content, known as sodium enneaborate, Na4B18O29·11H2O or 2Na2O·9B2O3·11H2O (1). Here we report the single-crystal structure of 1, revealing the structural formula Na2[B8O11(OH)4]·B(OH)3·2H2O, and describe some of its properties and relationships to other sodium borates. The structure of 1 features linear polyborate chains composed of the repeating [B8O11(OH)4]2- fundamental building blocks with interstitial water and boric acid molecules integrated by extensive H bonding. Interstitial sodium cations occur in groups of four with interatomic distances of 3.7830(6) and 3.7932(8) Å. Upon heating, 1 initially becomes amorphous and then crystallizes as α-Na2B8O13 along with amorphous B2O3. Notably, α-Na2B8O13 contains octaborate fundamental building blocks that are topologically equivalent to those in 1. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 10.2130(8) Å, b = 12.940(1) Å, c = 12.457(1) Å, β = 93.070(2)°, V = 1644.0(2) Å3, and Z = 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doinita Neiner
- U.S. Borax Inc., Rio Tinto Borates , Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111, United States
| | - Yulia V Sevryugina
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Larry S Harrower
- U.S. Borax Inc., Rio Tinto Borates , Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111, United States
| | - David M Schubert
- U.S. Borax Inc., Rio Tinto Borates , Greenwood Village, Colorado 80111, United States
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Brus J, Czernek J, Urbanova M, Kobera L, Jegorov A. An efficient 2D 11B–11B solid-state NMR spectroscopy strategy for monitoring covalent self-assembly of boronic acid-derived compounds: the transformation and unique architecture of bortezomib molecules in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:487-495. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06555d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient 2D 11B–11B ssNMR strategy for exploring the covalent assembly of boronic acid derivatives in the solid state is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Czernek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Urbanova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - L. Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - A. Jegorov
- Teva Czech Industries s.r.o
- 370 05 Ceske Budejovice
- Czech Republic
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Brus J, Zhigunov A, Czernek J, Kobera L, Uchman M, Matějíček P. Control over the Self-Assembly and Dynamics of Metallacarborane Nanorotors by the Nature of the Polymer Matrix: A Solid-State NMR Study. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Czernek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kobera
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mariusz Uchman
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128
40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějíček
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128
40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Neumair SC, Sohr G, Vanicek S, Wurst K, Kaindl R, Huppertz H. The New High-Pressure Sodium Tetraborate HP-Na2B4O7. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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