1
|
Parvarinezhad S, Salehi M, Kubicki M, Eshaghi Malekshah R. Experimental and theoretical studies of new Co(III) complexes of hydrazide derivatives proposed as multi-target inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Appl Organomet Chem 2022; 36:e6836. [PMID: 35945928 PMCID: PMC9353290 DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(III) complexes with Schiff base ligands derived from hydrazone, (HL 1 = (E)-N'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide, HL 2 = (E)-N'-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene), and HL 3 = (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-ethoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the single crystal structure of the complex (1). Co(III) was formed in a distorted, very regular octahedral coordination in this complex; three pyridine moieties complete this geometry. Schiff base complexes' redox behaviors are represented by irreversible (1), quasi-reversible (2), and quasi-reversible (3) voltammograms. A density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method was used to optimize cobalt complexes with a base set of 6-311G. Furthermore, fragments occupying the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were investigated at the same theoretical level. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) computations were also done to study the coordination bonds and non-covalent interactions in the investigated structures. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to investigate the nature and types of intermolecular exchanges in the crystal structure of the complex (1). The capacity of cobalt complexes to bind to the major protease SARS-CoV-2 and the molecular targets of human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was investigated using molecular docking. The molecular simulation methods used to assess the probable binding states of cobalt complexes revealed that all three complexes were stabilized in the active envelope of the enzyme by making distinct interactions with critical amino acid residues. Interestingly, compound (2) performed better with both molecular targets and the total energy of the system than the other complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSemnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Department of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Javaid S, Saad SM, Zafar H, Malik R, Khan KM, Choudhary MI, Rahman AU. Thymidine phosphorylase and prostrate cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activities of synthetic 4-hydroxybenzohydrazides: In vitro, kinetic, and in silico studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227549. [PMID: 31986186 PMCID: PMC6984732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) plays a key role in many pathological complications, including angiogenesis which leads to cancer cells proliferation. Thus in search of new anticancer agents, a series of 4-hydroxybenzohydrazides (1-29) was synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory activity. Twenty compounds 1-3, 6-14, 16, 19, 22-24, and 27-29 showed potent to weak TP inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 6.8 to 229.5 μM, in comparison to the standards i.e. tipiracil (IC50 = 0.014 ± 0.002 μM) and 7-deazaxanthine (IC50 = 41.0 ± 1.63 μM). Kinetic studies on selected inhibitors 3, 9, 14, 22, 27, and 29 revealed uncompetitive and non-competitive modes of inhibition. Molecular docking studies of these inhibitors indicated that they were able to interact with the amino acid residues present in allosteric site of TP, including Asp391, Arg388, and Leu389. Antiproliferative (cytotoxic) activities of active compounds were also evaluated against mouse fibroblast (3T3) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. Compounds 1, 2, 19, and 22-24 exhibited anti-proliferative activities against PC3 cells with IC50 values between 6.5 to 10.5 μM, while they were largely non-cytotoxic to 3T3 (mouse fibroblast) cells proliferation. Present study thus identifies a new class of dual inhibitors of TP and cancer cell proliferation, which deserves to be further investigated for anti-cancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Javaid
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Saad
- H. E. J., Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Malik
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J., Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H. E. J., Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta-ur Rahman
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- H. E. J., Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chantrapromma S, Kwong HC, Prachumrat P, Kobkeatthawin T, Chia TS, Quah CK. Crystal structure of ( E)- N'-(3,4-di-hydroxy-benzyl-idene)-4-hy-droxy-benzohydrazide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1280-1283. [PMID: 31417807 PMCID: PMC6690444 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title benzohydrazide derivative, C14H12N2O4, the azomethine C=N double bond has an E configuration. The hydrazide connecting bridge, (C=O)-(NH)-N=(CH), is nearly planar with C-C-N-N and C-N-N=C torsion angles of -177.33 (10) and -174.98 (12)°, respectively. The 4-hy-droxy-phenyl and 3,4-di-hydroxy-phenyl rings are slightly twisted, making a dihedral angle of 9.18 (6)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network, while further consolidated via π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.6480 (8) and 3.7607 (8) Å]. The conformation is compared to those of related benzyl-idene-4-hy-droxy-benzohydrazide derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Chantrapromma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Huey Chong Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Patcharawadee Prachumrat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Tze Shyang Chia
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|