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Matveychuk YV, Regel RL, Bartashevich EV. Noncovalent Interactions of Silatranes and Germatranes with the Surface of Stoichiometric and Hydroxylated 2D Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13227-13235. [PMID: 38870102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of noncovalent interactions formed by the surface of a 2D silica bilayer and atrane molecules, as precursors of functional layers immobilized on a surface of silicatene, was performed. For this purpose, the systems of substituted silatranes and germatranes adsorbed on silicatene surfaces with different amounts of hydroxyl groups (0, 2, 4, and 30 per cell) were simulated by using quantum chemical modeling with periodic boundary conditions and full-electron basis sets. The observation results for interaction energy changes in the systems "atrane molecule-silicatene surface" with increasing silanol number of the silicatene surface can be used to predict the optimal degree of silicatene hydroxylation in order to control the effective progress of atrane deprotection on activated 2D silica materials. In addition to the typical hydrogen bonds, the ability of atranes to form noncovalent O···O and O···Hal interactions was discovered. In these bonds, the oxygen or halogen atoms of atranes act as electron-donor centers in relation to the silicatene oxygen atoms. The observed weakening of the Ge-O covalent bonds in germatranes, on which further deprotection reaction depends, is more manifested than for the Si-O bonds in adsorbed silatranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Matveychuk
- MMMFM Research Laboratory, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Roman L Regel
- MMMFM Research Laboratory, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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Takebayashi S, Ariai J, Gellrich U, Kartashov SV, Fayzullin RR, Kang HB, Yamane T, Sugisaki K, Sato K. Synthesis and characterization of a formal 21-electron cobaltocene derivative. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4979. [PMID: 37669936 PMCID: PMC10480225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallocenes are highly versatile organometallic compounds. The versatility of the metallocenes stems from their ability to stabilize a wide range of formal electron counts. To date, d-block metallocenes with an electron count of up to 20 have been synthesized and utilized in catalysis, sensing, and other fields. However, d-block metallocenes with more than formal 20-electron counts have remained elusive. The synthesis and isolation of such complexes are challenging because the metal-carbon bonds in d-block metallocenes become weaker with increasing deviation from the stable 18-electron configuration. Here, we report the synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a 21-electron cobaltocene derivative. This discovery is based on the ligand design that allows the coordination of an electron pair donor to a 19-electron cobaltocene derivative while maintaining the cobalt-carbon bonds, a previously unexplored synthetic approach. Furthermore, we elucidate the origin of the stability, redox chemistry, and spin state of the 21-electron complex. This study reveals a synthetic method, structure, chemical bonding, and properties of the 21-electron metallocene derivative that expands our conceptual understanding of d-block metallocene chemistry. We expect that this report will open up previously unexplored synthetic possibilities in d-block transition metal chemistry, including the fields of catalysis and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takebayashi
- Science and Technology Group, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Jama Ariai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen, D-35392, Germany.
| | - Sergey V Kartashov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation.
| | - Hyung-Been Kang
- Engineering Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 7-1 Shinkawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0032, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Saifina AF, Kartashov SV, Saifina LF, Fayzullin RR. Applicability of transferable multipole pseudo-atoms for restoring inner-crystal electronic force density fields. Chemical bonding and binding features in the crystal and dimer of 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyluracil. IUCRJ 2023; 10:584-602. [PMID: 37668216 PMCID: PMC10478519 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523007108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We considered it timely to test the applicability of transferable multipole pseudo-atoms for restoring inner-crystal electronic force density fields. The procedure was carried out on the crystal of 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyluracil, and some derived properties of the scalar potential and vector force fields were compared with those obtained from the experimental multipole model and from the aspherical pseudo-atom model with parameters fitted to the calculated structure factors. The procedure was shown to accurately replicate the general vector-field behavior, the peculiarities of the quantum potentials and the characteristics of the force-field pseudoatoms, such as charge, shape and volume, as well as to reproduce the relative arrangement of atomic and pseudoatomic zero-flux surfaces along internuclear regions. It was found that, in addition to the quantum-topological atoms, the force-field pseudoatoms are spatially reproduced within a single structural fragment and similar environment. In addition, the classical and nonclassical hydrogen bonds in the uracil derivative crystal, as well as the H...O, N...O and N...C interactions in the free π-stacked dimer of the uracil derivative molecules, were studied using the potential and force fields within the concepts of interatomic charge transfer and electron lone pair donation-acceptance. Remarkably, the nitrogen atoms in the N...O and N...C interactions behave rather like a Lewis base and an electron contributor. At the same time, the hydrogen atom in the H...O interaction, being a Lewis acid, also participates in the interatomic electron transfer by acting as a contributor. Thus, it has been argued that, when describing polar interatomic interactions within orbital-free considerations, it makes more physical sense to identify electronegative (electron occupier) and electropositive (electron contributor) atoms or subatomic fragments rather than nucleophilic and electrophilic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina F. Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V. Kartashov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Liliya F. Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
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Levina EO, Tsirelson VG. DFT potentials from a chemical perspective: Anatomy of electron (de)localization in molecules and crystals. J Comput Chem 2023. [PMID: 37183763 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a fermionic potential, v f $$ {v}_f $$ , as a comprehensive measure of electron (de)localization in atomic-molecular systems. Unlike other common descriptors as ELF, LOL, etc., it characterizes all physical effects responsible for (de)localization of electrons, namely: an exchange hole depth, its tendency to change, a sensitivity of an exchange correlation hidden in a pair density and kinetic potential to local variations in electron density. Wells in the v f $$ {v}_f $$ distribution correspond to the domains of maximum electron localization, while the potential's barriers prevent delocalization of electrons through them. It also estimates bond orders and successfully reveals the impact of chemical modifications or environmental effects on the delocalization of electrons in molecules and crystals. The v f $$ {v}_f $$ components provide a unique opportunity to compare the influence of the mentioned physical effects on electron (de)localization. This merges physical and chemical views of electron delocalization using functions appearing in density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O Levina
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Tsirelson
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Shteingolts SA, Stash AI, Tsirelson VG, Fayzullin RR. Real-Space Interpretation of Interatomic Charge Transfer and Electron Exchange Effects by Combining Static and Kinetic Potentials and Associated Vector Fields. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200985. [PMID: 35638164 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intricate behaviour of one-electron potentials from the Euler equation for electron density and corresponding gradient force fields in crystals was studied. Channels of locally enhanced kinetic potential and corresponding saddle Lagrange points were found between chemically bonded atoms. Superposition of electrostatic ϕ e s r and kinetic ϕ k r potentials and electron density ρ r allowed partitioning any molecules and crystals into atomic ρ - and potential-based ϕ -basins; ϕ k -basins explicitly account for the electron exchange effect, which is missed for ϕ e s -ones. Phenomena of interatomic charge transfer and related electron exchange were explained in terms of space gaps between zero-flux surfaces of ρ - and ϕ -basins. The gap between ϕ e s - and ρ -basins represents the charge transfer, while the gap between ϕ k - and ρ -basins is a real-space manifestation of sharing the transferred electrons caused by the static exchange and kinetic effects as a response against the electron transfer. The regularity describing relative positions of ρ -, ϕ e s -, and ϕ k - basin boundaries between interacting atoms was proposed. The position of ϕ k -boundary between ϕ e s - and ρ -ones within an electron occupier atom determines the extent of transferred electron sharing. The stronger an H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond is, the deeper hydrogen atom's ϕ k -basin penetrates oxygen atom's ρ -basin, while for covalent bonds a ϕ k -boundary closely approaches a ϕ e s -one indicating almost complete sharing of the transferred electrons. In the case of ionic bonds, the same region corresponds to electron pairing within the ρ -basin of an electron occupier atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Shteingolts
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Adam I Stash
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G Tsirelson
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation.,South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
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