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Reuss T, Nair Lalithambika SS, David C, Döring F, Jooss C, Risch M, Techert S. Advancements in Liquid Jet Technology and X-ray Spectroscopy for Understanding Energy Conversion Materials during Operation. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:203-214. [PMID: 36636991 PMCID: PMC9910040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusWater splitting is intensively studied for sustainable and effective energy storage in green/alternative energy harvesting-storage-release cycles. In this work, we present our recent developments for combining liquid jet microtechnology with different types of soft X-ray spectroscopy at high-flux X-ray sources, in particular developed for studying the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We are particularly interested in the development of in situ photon-in/photon-out techniques, such as in situ resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) techniques at high-repetition-frequency X-ray sources, pointing toward operando capabilities. The pilot catalytic systems we use are perovskites having the general structure ABO3 with lanthanides or group II elements at the A sites and transition metals at the B sites. Depending on the chemical substitutions of ABO3, their catalytic activity for OER can be tuned by varying the composition.In this work, we present our in situ RIXS studies of the manganese L-edge of perovskites during OER. We have developed various X-ray spectroscopy approaches like transmission zone plate-, reflection zone plate-, and grating-based emission spectroscopy techniques. Combined with tunable incident X-ray energies, we yield complementary information about changing (inverse) X-ray absorption features of the perovskites, allowing us to deduce element- and oxidation-state-specific chemical monitoring of the catalyst. Adding liquid jet technology, we monitor element- and oxidation-state-specific interactions of the catalyst with water adsorbate during OER. By comparing the different technical spectroscopy approaches combined with high-repetition-frequency experiments at synchrotrons and free-electron lasers, we conclude that the combination of liquid jet with low-resolution zone-plate-based X-ray spectroscopy is sufficient for element- and oxidation-state-specific chemical monitoring during OER and easy to handle.For an in-depth study of OER mechanisms, however, including the characterization of catalyst-water adsorbate in terms of their charge transfer properties and especially valence intermediates formed during OER, high-resolution spectroscopy tools based on a combination of liquid jets with gratings bear bigger potential since they allow resolution of otherwise-overlapping X-ray spectroscopy transitions. Common for all of these experimental approaches is the conclusion that without the versatile developments of liquid jets and liquid beam technologies, elaborate experiments such as high-repetition experiments at high-flux X-ray sources (like synchrotrons or free-electron lasers) would hardly be possible. Such experiments allow sample refreshment for every single X-ray shot for repetition frequencies of up to 5 MHz, so that it is possible (a) to study X-ray-radiation-sensitive samples and also (b) to utilize novel types of flux-hungry X-ray spectroscopy tools like photon-in/photon-out X-ray spectroscopy to study the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Reuss
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian David
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Florian Döring
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute
of Material Physics, Göttingen University, Friedrich Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Risch
- Institute
of Material Physics, Göttingen University, Friedrich Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany,Institute
for X-ray Physics, Göttingen University, Friedrich Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
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Abstract
Major advances in X-ray sources including the development of circularly polarized and orbital angular momentum pulses make it possible to probe matter chirality at unprecedented energy regimes and with Ångström and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolutions. We survey the theory of stationary and time-resolved nonlinear chiral measurements that can be carried out in the X-ray regime using tabletop X-ray sources or large scale (XFEL, synchrotron) facilities. A variety of possible signals and their information content are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy R Rouxel
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Döring F, Risch M, Rösner B, Beye M, Busse P, Kubiček K, Glaser L, Miedema PS, Soltau J, Raiser D, Guzenko VA, Szabadics L, Kochanneck L, Baumung M, Buck J, Jooss C, Techert S, David C. A zone-plate-based two-color spectrometer for indirect X-ray absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1266-1271. [PMID: 31274453 PMCID: PMC6613121 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful element-specific technique that allows the study of structural and chemical properties of matter. Often an indirect method is used to access the X-ray absorption (XA). This work demonstrates a new XAS implementation that is based on off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plates to obtain the XA spectrum of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 by analysis of three emission lines simultaneously at the detector, namely the O 2p-1s, Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions. This scheme allows the simultaneous measurement of an integrated total fluorescence yield and the partial fluorescence yields (PFY) of the Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions when scanning the Mn L-edge. In addition to this, the reduction in O fluorescence provides another measure for absorption often referred to as the inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY). Among these different methods to measure XA, the Mn 3s PFY and IPFY deviate the least from the true XA spectra due to the negligible influence of selection rules on the decay channel. Other advantages of this new scheme are the potential to strongly increase the efficiency and throughput compared with similar measurements using conventional gratings and to increase the signal-to-noise of the XA spectra as compared with a photodiode. The ability to record undistorted bulk XA spectra at high flux is crucial for future in situ spectroscopy experiments on complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Döring
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Risch
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rösner
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beye
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Busse
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubiček
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Glaser
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Soltau
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Raiser
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vitaliy A. Guzenko
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Szabadics
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leif Kochanneck
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Baumung
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Buck
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian David
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Yin Z, Löchel H, Rehanek J, Goy C, Kalinin A, Schottelius A, Trinter F, Miedema P, Jain A, Valerio J, Busse P, Lehmkühler F, Möller J, Grübel G, Madsen A, Viefhaus J, Grisenti RE, Beye M, Erko A, Techert S. X-ray spectroscopy with variable line spacing based on reflection zone plate optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4390-4393. [PMID: 30211872 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy is a method, ideally suited for investigating the electronic structure of matter, which has been enabled by the rapid developments in light sources and instruments. The x-ray fluorescence lines of life-relevant elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are located in the soft x-ray regime and call for suitable spectrometer devices. In this Letter, we present a high-resolution spectrum of liquid water, recorded with a soft x-ray spectrometer based on a reflection zone plate (RZP) design. The RZP-based spectrometer with meridional variation of line space density from 2953 to 3757 l/mm offers extremely high detection efficiency and, at the same time, medium energy resolution. We can reproduce the well-known splitting of liquid water in the lone pair regime with 10 s acquisition time.
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Transmission zone plates as analyzers for efficient parallel 2D RIXS-mapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8849. [PMID: 28821805 PMCID: PMC5562906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We have implemented and successfully tested an off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plate as spectral analyzer for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The imaging capabilities of zone plates allow for advanced two-dimensional (2D) mapping applications. By varying the photon energy along a line focus on the sample, we were able to simultaneously record the emission spectra over a range of excitation energies. Moreover, by scanning a line focus across the sample in one dimension, we efficiently recorded RIXS spectra spatially resolved in 2D, increasing the throughput by two orders of magnitude. The presented scheme opens up a variety of novel measurements and efficient, ultra-fast time resolved investigations at X-ray Free-Electron Laser sources.
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Yin Z, Inhester L, Thekku Veedu S, Quevedo W, Pietzsch A, Wernet P, Groenhof G, Föhlisch A, Grubmüller H, Techert S. Cationic and Anionic Impact on the Electronic Structure of Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3759-3764. [PMID: 28742347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydration shells around ions are crucial for many fundamental biological and chemical processes. Their local physicochemical properties are quite different from those of bulk water and hard to probe experimentally. We address this problem by combining soft X-ray spectroscopy using a liquid jet and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations together with ab initio electronic structure calculations to elucidate the water-ion interaction in a MgCl2 solution at the molecular level. Our results reveal that salt ions mainly affect the electronic properties of water molecules in close vicinity and that the oxygen K-edge X-ray emission spectrum of water molecules in the first solvation shell differs significantly from that of bulk water. Ion-specific effects are identified by fingerprint features in the water X-ray emission spectra. While Mg2+ ions cause a bathochromic shift of the water lone pair orbital, the 3p orbital of the Cl- ions causes an additional peak in the water emission spectrum at around 528 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sreevidya Thekku Veedu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Grubmüller
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Yin Z, Rehanek J, Löchel H, Braig C, Buck J, Firsov A, Viefhaus J, Erko A, Techert S. Highly efficient soft X-ray spectrometer based on a reflection zone plate for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10984-10996. [PMID: 28788785 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly designed compact and flexible soft X-ray spectrometer for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) studies within an energy range from 380 eV to 410 eV, which would include the K alpha emission lines of vital elements like nitrogen. We utilized an off-axis reflection zone plate (RZP) as the wavelength selective element with a maximum line density of 10000 l/mm. A higher energy resolution over a broader range of ± 15 eV around the designed energy was achieved by displacing the RZP. Additionally, for the first time, an actual optical side effect, the so-called comatic aberration was exploited to increase the energy resolution. First results show a resolving power in the order of 1300 for photon energy of 395 eV, which is comparable to a commercial varied line spacing grating (VLS).
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