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Hua W, Zhou G, Hu Z, Yang S, Liao K, Zhou P, Dong X, Wang Y, Bian F, Wang J. On-line monitoring of the spatial properties of hard X-ray free-electron lasers based on a grating splitter. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:619-628. [PMID: 31074424 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) play an increasingly important role in addressing the new scientific challenges relating to their high brightness, high coherence and femtosecond time structure. As a result of pulse-by-pulse fluctuations, the pulses of an XFEL beam may demonstrate subtle differences in intensity, energy spectrum, coherence, wavefront, etc., and thus on-line monitoring and diagnosis of a single pulse are required for many XFEL experiments. Here a new method is presented, based on a grating splitter and bending-crystal analyser, for single-pulse on-line monitoring of the spatial characteristics including the intensity profile, coherence and wavefront, which was suggested and applied experimentally to the temporal diagnosis of an XFEL single pulse. This simulation testifies that the intensity distribution, coherence and wavefront of the first-order diffracted beam of a grating preserve the properties of the incident beam, by using the coherent mode decomposition of the Gaussian-Schell model and Fourier optics. Indicatively, the first-order diffraction of appropriate gratings can be used as an alternative for on-line monitoring of the spatial properties of a single pulse without any characteristic deformation of the principal diffracted beam. However, an interesting simulation result suggests that the surface roughness of gratings will degrade the spatial characteristics in the case of a partially coherent incident beam. So, there exists a suitable roughness value for non-destructive monitoring of the spatial properties of the downstream beam, which depends on the specific optical path. Here, experiments based on synchrotron radiation X-rays are carried out in order to verify this method in principle. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Hua
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Zhou
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Yang
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Liao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohao Dong
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Shanghai Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sierra RG, Batyuk A, Sun Z, Aquila A, Hunter MS, Lane TJ, Liang M, Yoon CH, Alonso-Mori R, Armenta R, Castagna JC, Hollenbeck M, Osier TO, Hayes M, Aldrich J, Curtis R, Koglin JE, Rendahl T, Rodriguez E, Carbajo S, Guillet S, Paul R, Hart P, Nakahara K, Carini G, DeMirci H, Dao EH, Hayes BM, Rao YP, Chollet M, Feng Y, Fuller FD, Kupitz C, Sato T, Seaberg MH, Song S, van Driel TB, Yavas H, Zhu D, Cohen AE, Wakatsuki S, Boutet S. The Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:346-357. [PMID: 30855242 PMCID: PMC6412173 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography (MFX) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the seventh and newest instrument at the world's first hard X-ray free-electron laser. It was designed with a primary focus on structural biology, employing the ultrafast pulses of X-rays from LCLS at atmospheric conditions to overcome radiation damage limitations in biological measurements. It is also capable of performing various time-resolved measurements. The MFX design consists of a versatile base system capable of supporting multiple methods, techniques and experimental endstations. The primary techniques supported are forward scattering and crystallography, with capabilities for various spectroscopic methods and time-resolved measurements. The location of the MFX instrument allows for utilization of multiplexing methods, increasing user access to LCLS by running multiple experiments simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond G. Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew Aquila
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas J. Lane
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mengning Liang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Chun Hong Yoon
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rebecca Armenta
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Castagna
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Hollenbeck
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ted O. Osier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matt Hayes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jeff Aldrich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Robin Curtis
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jason E. Koglin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Theodore Rendahl
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Evan Rodriguez
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sergio Carbajo
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Serge Guillet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rob Paul
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip Hart
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kazutaka Nakahara
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Hasan DeMirci
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- BioSciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - E. Han Dao
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Brandon M. Hayes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yashas P. Rao
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yiping Feng
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Franklin D. Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew H. Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tim B. van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hasan Yavas
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aina E. Cohen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- BioSciences Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Menlo Park, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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4
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Pardini T, Alameda J, Aquila A, Boutet S, Decker T, Gleason AE, Guillet S, Hamilton P, Hayes M, Hill R, Koglin J, Kozioziemski B, Robinson J, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Soufli R, Hau-Riege SP. Delayed Onset of Nonthermal Melting in Single-Crystal Silicon Pumped with Hard X Rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:265701. [PMID: 30004754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.265701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we monitor the onset of nonthermal melting in single-crystal silicon by implementing an x-ray pump-x-ray probe scheme. Using the ultrashort pulses provided by the Linac Coherent Light Source (SLAC) and a custom-built split-and-delay line for hard x rays, we achieve the temporal resolution needed to detect the onset of the transition. Our data show no loss of long-range order up to 150±40 fs from photoabsorption, which we interpret as the time needed for the electronic system to equilibrate at or above the critical nonthermal melting temperature. Once such equilibration is reached, the loss of long-range atomic order proceeds inertially and is completed within 315±40 fs from photoabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Alameda
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A E Gleason
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Guillet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Hamilton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Hayes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hill
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Robinson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - R Soufli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S P Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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5
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Nienaber KH, Pushie MJ, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN. Cryoprotectants Severely Exacerbate X-ray-Induced Photoreduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:540-544. [PMID: 29337573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 11% of enzymes contain a transition metal ion that is essential for catalytic function. Such metalloenzymes catalyze much of the most chemically challenging and biologically essential chemistry carried out by life. X-ray-based methods, predominantly macromolecular crystallography (MX) and also X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), have proved essential for determining structures of transition metal ion-containing active sites in order to deduce enzyme catalytic mechanisms. However, X-ray irradiation can induce change in both the oxidation state and structure of the metal, which is problematic in structure determination. We present an XAS study of whether cryoprotectants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or glycerol, routinely added to MX or XAS samples to improve data quality, affect photoreduction. Our data demonstrate a remarkable 10-fold exacerbation in rate of photoreduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) when alcohol or ether cryoprotectants are present. Our results suggest that widespread use of cryoprotectants may increase the potential for erroneous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt H Nienaber
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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