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Kim Y, Lim J. Exploring spectroscopic X-ray nano-imaging with Zernike phase contrast enhancement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2894. [PMID: 35190577 PMCID: PMC8861036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM-XANES), which offers electrochemical imaging with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers, is an extensively used unique technique in battery research. However, absorption-based bright-field imaging has poor detection sensitivity for nanoscale applications. Here, to improve the sensitivity, we explored spectroscopic X-ray nano imaging with Zernike phase contrast (ZPC-XANES). A pinhole-type Zernike phase plate, which was optimized for high-contrast images with minimal artifacts, was used in this study. When the absorption is weak, the Zernike phase contrast improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast of images at all energies, which induces the enhancement of the absorption edge step. We estimated that the absorption of the samples should be higher than 2.2% for reliable spectroscopic nano-imaging based on XANES spectroscopy analysis of a custom-made copper wedge sample. We also determined that there is a slight absorption peak shift and sharpening in a small absorption sample due to the inflection point of the refractive index at the absorption edge. Nevertheless, in the case of sub-micron sized cathode materials, we believe that better contrast and higher resolution spectroscopic images can be obtained using ZPC-XANES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37637, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37637, Republic of Korea.
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Park JY, Kim Y, Lee S, Lim J. Zernike phase-contrast full-field transmission X-ray nanotomography for 400 micrometre-sized samples. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1696-1702. [PMID: 33147196 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752001245x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Full-field X-ray nanotomography based on a Fresnel zone plate offers a promising and intuitive approach to acquire high-quality phase-contrast images with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometres, and is applicable to both synchrotron radiation and laboratory sources. However, its small field of view (FOV) of tens of micrometres provides limited volume information, which primarily limits its application fields. This work proposes a method for expanding the FOV as the diameter of the objective zone plate, which provides a 400 µm FOV at below 500 nm resolution with Zernike phase contrast. General applications of large-volume nanotomography are demonstrated in integrated circuit microchips and Artemia cysts. This method can be useful for imaging/analyzing industrial and biological samples where bulk properties are important or the sample is difficult to section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Jigokro 127, Pohang 36763, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Jigokro 127, Pohang 36763, South Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Light Source-II, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Jigokro 127, Pohang 36763, South Korea
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Singh JP, Park JY, Singh V, Kim SH, Lim WC, Kumar H, Kim YH, Lee S, Chae KH. Correlating the size and cation inversion factor in context of magnetic and optical behavior of CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21259-21269. [PMID: 35518780 PMCID: PMC9054365 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01653e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the size dependent behavior of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was investigated using synchrotron radiation based techniques. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the enhancement of particle/crystallite size with increase of annealing temperature. Moreover, the shape of these particles also changed with increase of crystallite size. Saturation magnetization increased with increase of crystallite size. The higher saturation magnetization for larger crystallite size nanoparticles was attributed to a cation distribution similar to that of bulk CoFe2O4. The optical band-gap of these nanoparticles decreased from 1.9 eV to 1.7 eV with increase of crystallite size. The enhancement of the optical band-gap for smaller crystallites was due to phenomena of optical confinement occurring in the nanoparticles. Fe L Co L-edge near edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements showed that Fe and Co ions remain in the 3+ and 2+ state in these nanoparticles. The results obtained from Fe & Co K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)-imaging experiments further revealed that this oxidation state was possessed by even the crystallites. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements revealed distribution of Fe and Co ions among tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of the spinel structure which corroborates the results obtained from Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). X-ray magnetic circular di-chroism (XMCD) measurements revealed negative exchange interaction among the ions situated in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. Theoretical and experimental calculated magnetic moments revealed the dominancy of size effects rather than the cation redistribution in the spinel lattice of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pal Singh
- Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Park
- Radiation Equipment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Jeongup 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Varsha Singh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Cheol Lim
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Hemaunt Kumar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Rajkiya Engineering College Bijnor-246725 India
| | - Y H Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Xavisoptics Ltd. Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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Park JY, Singh JP, Lim J, Lee S. Development of XANES nanoscopy on BL7C at PLS-II. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:545-550. [PMID: 32153296 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752000082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) imaging is a powerful tool to visualize the chemical state distribution of transition-metal-based materials at synchrotron radiation facilities. In recent years, the electrochemical working rechargeable battery has been the most studied material in XANES imaging owing to the large increase of portable electronics and electric vehicles. This work acknowledges the importance of battery analysis and has developed the XANES imaging system on BL7C at Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II). BL7C employs an undulator taper configuration to obtain an energy band >130 eV near the K-absorption edge of the target element with a minimum energy interval >0.2 eV. While measuring energy-dependent images, the zone plate translation maintains the best focus, and then various data processes such as background correction, image registration and clustering allow single XANES spectrum extraction and chemical distribution mapping. Here, the XANES imaging process is described, the XANES spectrum quality is identified and the chemical states of the partially charged cathode material used in lithium-ion batteries as an application example are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37637, South Korea
| | - Jitendra Pal Singh
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37637, South Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37637, South Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Jigokro 127, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37637, South Korea
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Xu Z, Chen M, Lee H, Feng SP, Park JY, Lee S, Kim JT. X-ray-Powered Micromotors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15727-15732. [PMID: 30969101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light-powered wireless manipulation of small objects in fluids has been of interest for biomedical and environmental applications. Although many techniques employing UV-vis-NIR light sources have been devised, new methods that hold greater penetrating power deep into medium are still in demand. Here, we develop a method to exploit X-rays to propel half-metal-coated Janus microparticles in aqueous solution. The Janus particles are simultaneously propelled and visualized in real-time by using a full-field transmission X-ray microscope. Our real-time observation discovers that the propulsive motion follows the bubble growth enhanced by water radiolysis near the particle surface under X-ray irradiation. We also show that the propulsion speed is remotely controlled by varying the radiation dose. We expect this work to open opportunities to employ light-powered micro/nanomotors in opaque environments, potentially by combining with medical imaging or nondestructive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Mojun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hyeonseok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jae Yeon Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
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Zhang L, Wang S. Correlation of Materials Property and Performance with Internal Structures Evolvement Revealed by Laboratory X-ray Tomography. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1795. [PMID: 30248909 PMCID: PMC6213392 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although X-rays generated from a laboratory-based tube cannot be compared with synchrotron radiation in brilliance and monochromaticity, they are still viable and accessible in-house for ex situ or interrupted in situ X-ray tomography. This review mainly demonstrates recent works using laboratory X-ray tomography coupled with the measurements of properties or performance testing under various conditions, such as thermal, stress, or electric fields. Evolvements of correlated internal structures for some typical materials were uncovered. The damage features in a graded metallic 3D mesh and a metallic glass under mechanical loading were revealed and investigated. Micro-voids with thermal treatment and void healing phenomenon with electropulsing were clearly demonstrated and quantitatively analyzed. The substance transfer around an electrode of a Li-S battery and the protective performance of a Fe-based metallic glass coating on stainless steel were monitored through electrochemical processes. It was shown that in situ studies of the laboratory X-ray tomography were suitable for the investigation of structure change under controlled conditions and environments. An extension of the research for in situ laboratory X-ray tomography can be expected with supplementary novel techniques for internal strain, global 3D grain orientation, and a fast tomography strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Park JY, Kim Y, Lee S, Lim J. X-ray beam-position feedback system with easy-to-use beam-position monitor. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:869-873. [PMID: 29714198 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518002692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray beam-position stability is indispensable in cutting-edge experiments using synchrotron radiation. Here, for the first time, a beam-position feedback system is presented that utilizes an easy-to-use X-ray beam-position monitor incorporating a diamond-fluorescence screen. The acceptable range of the monitor is above 500 µm and the feedback system maintains the beam position within 3 µm. In addition to being inexpensive, the system has two key advantages: it works without a scale factor for position calibration, and it has no dependence on X-ray energy, X-ray intensity, beam size or beam shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- ITCC, Pohang Light Source, Jigokro 127, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesul Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsul Lee
- ITCC, Pohang Light Source, Jigokro 127, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- ITCC, Pohang Light Source, Jigokro 127, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Kwon IH, Hong CK, Lim J. Note: Contrast enhancement and artifact suppression in computed tomography using sinogram normalization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:016101. [PMID: 29390717 DOI: 10.1063/1.5004061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The intensity and direction of the incident beam at the sample position in synchrotron full-field transmission X-ray microscopy is subject to change. Incident-beam fluctuation in computed tomography results in significant contrast degradation of the reconstructed image. In the present study, we devised a simple method by which that problem could be corrected using sinogram normalization. According to our results, the image contrast was improved by 13%, and the artifacts were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Kwon
- Applied Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Chung-Ki Hong
- Applied Optics Laboratory, Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jun Lim
- Industrial Technology Convergence Center, Pohang Light Source, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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