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Goel H, Chubar O, Li R, Wiegart L, Rakitin M, Fluerasu A. Efficient end-to-end simulation of time-dependent coherent X-ray scattering experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:517-526. [PMID: 38517755 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Physical optics simulations for beamlines and experiments allow users to test experiment feasibility and optimize beamline settings ahead of beam time in order to optimize valuable beam time at synchrotron light sources like NSLS-II. Further, such simulations also help to develop and test experimental data processing methods and software in advance. The Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) software package supports such complex simulations. We demonstrate how recent developments in SRW significantly improve the efficiency of physical optics simulations, such as end-to-end simulations of time-dependent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments with partially coherent undulator radiation (UR). The molecular dynamics simulation code LAMMPS was chosen to model the sample: a solution of silica nanoparticles in water at room temperature. Real-space distributions of nanoparticles produced by LAMMPS were imported into SRW and used to simulate scattering patterns of partially coherent hard X-ray UR from such a sample at the detector. The partially coherent UR illuminating the sample can be represented by a set of orthogonal coherent modes obtained by simulation of emission and propagation of this radiation through the coherent hard X-ray (CHX) scattering beamline followed by a coherent-mode decomposition. GPU acceleration is added for several key functions of SRW used in propagation from sample to detector, further improving the speed of the calculations. The accuracy of this simulation is benchmarked by comparison with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Goel
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Oleg Chubar
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ruizi Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Max Rakitin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Masuda T, Kobayashi M, Yatani K. synapse: interactive support on photoemission spectroscopy measurement and analysis for non-expert users. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:1127-1134. [PMID: 37885154 PMCID: PMC10624023 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoemission spectroscopy, an experimental method based on the photoelectric effect, is now an indispensable technique used in various fields such as materials science, life science, medicine and nanotechnology. However, part of the experimental process of photoemission spectroscopy relies on experience and intuition, which is obviously a problem for novice users. In particular, photoemission spectroscopy experiments using high-brilliance synchrotron radiation as a light source are not easy for novice users because measurements must be performed quickly and accurately as scheduled within a limited experimental period. In addition, research on the application of information science methods to quantum data measurement, such as photoemission spectroscopy, is mainly aimed at the development of analysis methods, and few attempts have been made to clarify the problems faced by users who lack experience. In this study, the problems faced by novice users of photoemission spectroscopy are identified, and a native application named synapse with functions to solve these problems is implemented and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. This paper describes the contents of an interview survey, the functional design and the implementation of the application synapse based on the interview survey, and results and discussion of the evaluation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Masuda
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Yatani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Makarov S, Makita M, Nakatsutsumi M, Pikuz T, Ozaki N, Preston TR, Appel K, Konopkova Z, Cerantola V, Brambrink E, Schwinkendorf JP, Mohacsi I, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Hajkova V, Juha L, Vozda V, Nagler B, Zastrau U, Pikuz S. Direct LiF imaging diagnostics on refractive X-ray focusing at the EuXFEL High Energy Density instrument. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:208-216. [PMID: 36601939 PMCID: PMC9814068 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522006245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of fluorescent crystal media in wide-range X-ray detectors provides an opportunity to directly image the spatial distribution of ultra-intense X-ray beams including investigation of the focal spot of free-electron lasers. Here the capabilities of the micro- and nano-focusing X-ray refractive optics available at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL are reported, as measured in situ by means of a LiF fluorescent detector placed into and around the beam caustic. The intensity distribution of the beam focused down to several hundred nanometers was imaged at 9 keV photon energy. A deviation from the parabolic surface in a stack of nanofocusing Be compound refractive lenses (CRLs) was found to affect the resulting intensity distribution within the beam. Comparison of experimental patterns in the far field with patterns calculated for different CRL lens imperfections allowed the overall inhomogeneity in the CRL stack to be estimated. The precise determination of the focal spot size and shape on a sub-micrometer level is essential for a number of high energy density studies requiring either a pin-size backlighting spot or extreme intensities for X-ray heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Makarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya St 13, Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Tatiana Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya St 13, Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Karen Appel
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Valerio Cerantola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tomas Burian
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Plasma Physics Department, Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Chalupsky
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Hajkova
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Juha
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Vozda
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ulf Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya St 13, Bd 2, Moscow 125412, Russian Federation
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Chubar O, Williams G, Gao Y, Li R, Berman L. Physical optics simulations for synchrotron radiation sources. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:C240-C252. [PMID: 36520774 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.473367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe approaches to high-accuracy physical optics calculations used for the development of x-ray beamlines at synchrotron radiation sources, as well as simulation of experiments and processing of experimental data at some of these beamlines. We pay special attention to the treatment of the partial coherence of x rays, a topic of high practical importance for modern low-emittance high-brightness synchrotron radiation facilities. The approaches are based, to a large extent, on the works of Emil Wolf and co-authors, including the basic scalar diffraction theory and the coherent mode decomposition method. The presented simulation examples are related to the case of the novel Coherent Diffractive Imaging beamline that is currently under development at the National Synchrotron Light Source II at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
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Li R, Chubar O. Memory and CPU efficient coherent mode decomposition of partially coherent synchrotron radiation with subtraction of common quadratic phase terms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5896-5915. [PMID: 35209542 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application examples of a memory and CPU efficient coherent mode decomposition (CMD) method for wave-optics based simulation of the partially coherent undulator radiation propagation through a hard X-ray beamline in a 3rd generation synchrotron radiation source are presented. The high efficiency of the method is achieved thanks to the analytical treatment of the common quadratic phase terms that are developed in the phase of cross-spectral density (CSD) of partially coherent radiation at a distance from source. This treatment allows for a considerable, several orders of magnitude, reduction of the 4D CSD mesh density (and the memory occupied by the CSD) required for ensuring sufficient accuracies of wavefront propagation simulations with the modes produced by the CMD at a beamline entrance. This method, implemented in the "Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" open-source software, dramatically increases the feasibility of the CMD of 4D CSD for producing 2D coherent modes for a large variety of applications at storage rings and other types of radiation sources.
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Campbell SI, Allan DB, Barbour AM, Olds D, Rakitin MS, Smith R, Wilkins SB. Outlook for artificial intelligence and machine learning at the NSLS-II. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abbd4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the current and future plans for using artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) methods at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), a scientific user facility at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. We discuss the opportunity for using the AI/ML tools and techniques developed in the data and computational science areas to greatly improve the scientific output of large scale experimental user facilities. We describe our current and future plans in areas including from detecting and recovering from faults, optimizing the source and instrument configurations, streamlining the pipeline from measurement to insight, through data acquisition, processing, analysis. The overall strategy and direction of the NSLS-II facility in relation to AI/ML is presented.
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Verhoeven A, Hellmann C, Wyrowski F, Idir M, Turunen J. Genuine-field modeling of partially coherent X-ray imaging systems. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1307-1319. [PMID: 32876606 PMCID: PMC7467339 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520006979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A genuine representation of the cross-spectral density function as a superposition of mutually uncorrelated, spatially localized modes is applied to model the propagation of spatially partially coherent light beams in X-ray optical systems. Numerical illustrations based on mode propagation with VirtualLab software are presented for imaging systems with ideal and non-ideal grazing-incidence mirrors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie Verhoeven
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Frank Wyrowski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mourad Idir
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, USA
| | - Jari Turunen
- Institute of Photonics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Hill J, Campbell S, Carini G, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Chu Y, Fluerasu A, Fukuto M, Idir M, Jakoncic J, Jarrige I, Siddons P, Tanabe T, Yager KG. Future trends in synchrotron science at NSLS-II. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374008. [PMID: 32568740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarize briefly some of the future trends in synchrotron science as seen at the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a new, low emittance source recently commissioned at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We touch upon imaging techniques, the study of dynamics, the increasing use of multimodal approaches, the vital importance of data science, and other enabling technologies. Each are presently undergoing a time of rapid change, driving the field of synchrotron science forward at an ever increasing pace. It is truly an exciting time and one in which Roger Cowley, to whom this journal issue is dedicated, would surely be both invigorated by, and at the heart of.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hill
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Stuart Campbell
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Instrumentation Division (IO), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yong Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Mourad Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Siddons
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Toshi Tanabe
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
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Chubar O, Celestre R. Memory and CPU efficient computation of the Fresnel free-space propagator in Fourier optics simulations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28750-28759. [PMID: 31684620 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a version of the paraxial free-space Fourier optics propagator for numerical wave propagation simulations that eliminates the need for a dense sampling of an input electric field with phase dominated by quadratic terms developing at some distance from the source or from the radiation beam waist. This propagator requires considerably (two to three orders of magnitude as observed in routine simulations) less memory and CPU resources than the standard Fresnel free-space propagator while preserving its levels of accuracy and generality. This method has been successfully used in "Synchrotron Radiation Workshop" code for more than a decade. It has greatly contributed to the applicability of the code, and more generally the applicability of the Fourier optics methods, to wave-optics based simulations of radiation propagation through optical systems of beamlines at high-brightness and high-coherence synchrotron light sources.
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