1
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Atia-Tul-Noor, Kumar S, Schirmel N, Erk B, Manschwetus B, Alisaukas S, Braune M, Cirmi G, Czwalinna MK, Frühling U, Grosse-Wortmann U, Kschuev N, Kuschewski F, Lang T, Lindenblatt H, Litvinyuk I, Meister S, Moshammer R, Papadopoulou CC, Passow C, Roensch-Schulenburg J, Trost F, Hartl I, Düsterer S, Schulz S. Sub-50 fs temporal resolution in an FEL-optical laser pump-probe experiment at FLASH2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6597-6608. [PMID: 38439359 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High temporal resolution is essential for ultra-fast pump-probe experiments. Arrival time jitter and drift measurements, as well as their control, become critical especially when combining XUV or X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) with optical lasers due to the large scale of such facilities and their distinct pulse generation processes. This paper presents the application of a laser pulse arrival time monitor that actively corrects the arrival time of an optical laser relative to the FEL's main optical clock. Combined with post-analysis single pulse jitter correction this new approach improves the temporal resolution for pump-probe experiments significantly. Benchmark measurements on photo-ionization of xenon atoms performed at FLASH beamline FL26, demonstrate a sub-50 fs FWHM overall temporal resolution.
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2
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Magunia A, Rebholz M, Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Ding T, Straub M, Borisova GD, Lee J, Jin R, von der Dellen A, Kaiser C, Braune M, Düsterer S, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl C, Manschwetus B, Grunewald S, Frühling U, Tajalli A, Wahid AB, Silletti L, Calegari F, Mosel P, Morgner U, Kovacev M, Thumm U, Hartl I, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Time-resolving state-specific molecular dissociation with XUV broadband absorption spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1482. [PMID: 37992169 PMCID: PMC10664994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and nuclear dynamics inside molecules are essential for chemical reactions, where different pathways typically unfold on ultrafast timescales. Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light pulses generated by free-electron lasers (FELs) allow atomic-site and electronic-state selectivity, triggering specific molecular dynamics while providing femtosecond resolution. Yet, time-resolved experiments are either blind to neutral fragments or limited by the spectral bandwidth of FEL pulses. Here, we combine a broadband XUV probe pulse from high-order harmonic generation with an FEL pump pulse to observe dissociation pathways leading to fragments in different quantum states. We temporally resolve the dissociation of a specific O2+ state into two competing channels by measuring the resonances of ionic and neutral fragments. This scheme can be applied to investigate convoluted dynamics in larger molecules relevant to diverse science fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Appi
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Straub
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junhee Lee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rui Jin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kaiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tino Lang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heyl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bastian Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Grunewald
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ammar Bin Wahid
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Silletti
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Mosel
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Morgner
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Milutin Kovacev
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Thumm
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506,USA
| | - Ingmar Hartl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Schnorr K, Belina M, Augustin S, Lindenblatt H, Liu Y, Meister S, Pfeifer T, Schmid G, Treusch R, Trost F, Slavíˇek P, Moshammer R. Direct tracking of ultrafast proton transfer in water dimers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7864. [PMID: 37436977 PMCID: PMC10337913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon ionization, water forms a highly acidic radical cation H2O+· that undergoes ultrafast proton transfer (PT)-a pivotal step in water radiation chemistry, initiating the production of reactive H3O+, OH[Formula: see text] radicals, and a (hydrated) electron. Until recently, the time scales, mechanisms, and state-dependent reactivity of ultrafast PT could not be directly traced. Here, we investigate PT in water dimers using time-resolved ion coincidence spectroscopy applying a free-electron laser. An extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pump photon initiates PT, and only dimers that have undergone PT at the instance of the ionizing XUV probe photon result in distinct H3O+ + OH+ pairs. By tracking the delay-dependent yield and kinetic energy release of these ion pairs, we measure a PT time of (55 ± 20) femtoseconds and image the geometrical rearrangement of the dimer cations during and after PT. Our direct measurement shows good agreement with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations for the initial PT and allows us to benchmark nonadiabatic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Schnorr
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michal Belina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schmid
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Slavíˇek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Wang E, Kling NG, LaForge AC, Obaid R, Pathak S, Bhattacharyya S, Meister S, Trost F, Lindenblatt H, Schoch P, Kübel M, Pfeifer T, Rudenko A, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Moshammer R, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultrafast Roaming Mechanisms in Ethanol Probed by Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Radiation: Electron Transfer versus Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4372-4380. [PMID: 37140167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast H2+ and H3+ formation from ethanol is studied using pump-probe spectroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser. The first pulse creates a dication, triggering H2 roaming that leads to H2+ and H3+ formation, which is disruptively probed by a second pulse. At photon energies of 28 and 32 eV, the ratio of H2+ to H3+ increases with time delay, while it is flat at a photon energy of 70 eV. The delay-dependent effect is ascribed to a competition between electron and proton transfer. High-level quantum chemistry calculations show a flat potential energy surface for H2 formation, indicating that the intermediate state may have a long lifetime. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation confirms that, in addition to the direct emission, a small portion of H2 undergoes a roaming mechanism that leads to two competing pathways: electron transfer from H2 to C2H4O2+ and proton transfer from C2H4O2+ to H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nora G Kling
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Razib Obaid
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Schoch
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
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5
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Dreimann M, Wahlert F, Eckermann D, Rosenthal F, Roling S, Reiker T, Kuhlmann M, Toleikis S, Brachmanski M, Treusch R, Plönjes E, Siemer B, Zacharias H. The soft X-ray and XUV split-and-delay unit at beamlines FL23/24 at FLASH2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:479-489. [PMID: 36891862 PMCID: PMC10000806 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A split-and-delay unit for the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral regions has been built which enables time-resolved experiments at beamlines FL23 and FL24 at the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH). Geometric wavefront splitting at a sharp edge of a beam splitting mirror is applied to split the incoming soft X-ray pulse into two beams. Ni and Pt coatings at grazing incidence angles have been chosen in order to cover the whole spectral range of FLASH2 and beyond, up to hν = 1800 eV. In the variable beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑd = 1.8°, the total transmission (T) ranges are of the order of 0.48 < T < 0.84 for hν < 100 eV and T > 0.50 for 100 eV < hν < 650 eV with the Ni coating, and T > 0.06 for hν < 1800 eV for the Pt coating. For a fixed beam path with a grazing incidence angle of ϑf = 1.3°, a transmission of T > 0.61 with the Ni coating and T > 0.23 with a Pt coating is achieved. Soft X-ray pump/soft X-ray probe experiments are possible within a delay range of -5 ps < Δt < +18 ps with a nominal time resolution of tr = 66 as and a measured timing jitter of tj = 121 ± 2 as. First experiments with the split-and-delay unit determined the averaged coherence time of FLASH2 to be τc = 1.75 fs at λ = 8 nm, measured at a purposely reduced coherence of the free-electron laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dreimann
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Wahlert
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Eckermann
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenthal
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Reiker
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Brachmanski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Straub M, Ding T, Rebholz M, Borisova GD, Magunia A, Lindenblatt H, Meister S, Trost F, Wang Y, Palutke S, Braune M, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Greene CH, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ott C. Differential Measurement of Electron Ejection after Two-Photon Two-Electron Excitation of Helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183204. [PMID: 36374686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of the photoelectron angular distribution of two-photon single-ionization near the 2p^{2} ^{1}D^{e} double-excitation resonance in helium, benchmarking the fundamental nonlinear interaction of two photons with two correlated electrons. This observation is enabled by the unique combination of intense extreme ultraviolet pulses, delivered at the high-repetition-rate free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH), ionizing a jet of cryogenically cooled helium atoms in a reaction microscope. The spectral structure of the intense self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser pulses has been resolved on a single-shot level to allow for post selection of pulses, leading to an enhanced spectral resolution, and introducing a new experimental method. The measured angular distribution is directly compared to state-of-the-art theory based on multichannel quantum defect theory and the streamlined R-matrix method. These results and experimental methodology open a promising route for exploring fundamental interactions of few photons with few electrons in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Straub
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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A Reaction Microscope for AMO Science at Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the design and capabilities of a reaction microscope (REMI) end-station at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (SXFEL). This apparatus allows high-resolution and 4π solid-angle coincidence detection of ions and electrons. The components of REMI, including a supersonic gas injection system, spectrometer, detectors and data acquisition system, are described in detail. By measuring the time of flight and the impact positions of ions and electrons on the corresponding detectors, three-dimensional momentum vectors can be reconstructed to study specific reaction processes. Momentum resolutions of ions and electrons with 0.11 a.u. are achieved, which have been measured from a single ionization experiment of oxygen molecules in an infrared (IR), femtosecond laser field, under vacuum at 1.2×10−10 torr, in a reaction chamber. As a demonstration, a Coulomb explosion experiment of oxygen molecules in the IR field is presented. These results demonstrate the performance of this setup, which provides a basic tool for the study of atomic and molecular reactions at SXFEL.
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8
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Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Mapa JL, Jusko C, Mosel P, Schoenberg A, Stock J, Feigl T, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl CM, Manschwetus B, Brachmanski M, Braune M, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Schoch P, Trabattoni A, Calegari F, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Hartl I, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Synchronized beamline at FLASH2 based on high-order harmonic generation for two-color dynamics studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:123004. [PMID: 34972439 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, integration, and operation of the novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The VUV source is based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gas and is driven by an optical laser system synchronized with the timing structure of the FEL. Ultrashort pulses in the spectral range from 10 to 40 eV are coupled with the FEL in the beamline FL26, which features a reaction microscope (REMI) permanent endstation for time-resolved studies of ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular targets. The connection of the high-pressure gas HHG source to the ultra-high vacuum FEL beamline requires a compact and reliable system, able to encounter the challenging vacuum requirements and coupling conditions. First commissioning results show the successful operation of the beamline, reaching a VUV focused beam size of about 20 µm at the REMI endstation. Proof-of-principle photo-electron momentum measurements in argon indicate the source capabilities for future two-color pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appi
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J L Mapa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - C Jusko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - P Mosel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J Stock
- Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen 73446, Germany
| | - T Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - T Lang
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - H Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - F Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - S Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - P Schoch
- Institut für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - I Hartl
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - U Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - M Kovacev
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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9
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Atomic, Molecular and Cluster Science with the Reaction Microscope Endstation at FLASH2. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction microscope (REMI) endstation for atomic and molecular science at the free-electron laser FLASH2 at DESY in Hamburg is presented together with a brief overview of results recently obtained. The REMI allows coincident detection of electrons and ions that emerge from atomic or molecular fragmentation reactions in the focus of the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser (FEL) beam. A large variety of target species ranging from atoms and molecules to small clusters can be injected with a supersonic gas-jet into the FEL focus. Their ionization and fragmentation dynamics can be studied either under single pulse conditions, or for double pulses as a function of their time delay by means of FEL-pump–FEL-probe schemes and also in combination with a femtosecond infrared (IR) laser. In a recent upgrade, the endstation was further extended by a light source based on high harmonic generation (HHG), which is now available for upcoming FEL/HHG pump–probe experiments.
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10
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Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Mapa JL, Wesavkar N, Jusko C, Mosel P, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl CM, Manschwetus B, Brachmanski M, Braune M, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Schoch P, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Hartl I, Morgner U, Kovacev M. A synchronized VUV light source based on high-order harmonic generation at FLASH. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6867. [PMID: 32322051 PMCID: PMC7176647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast measurements in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region targeting femtosecond timescales rely until today on two complementary XUV laser sources: free electron lasers (FELs) and high-harmonic generation (HHG) based sources. The combination of these two source types was until recently not realized. The complementary properties of both sources including broad bandwidth, high pulse energy, narrowband tunability and femtosecond timing, open new opportunities for two-color pump-probe studies. Here we show first results from the commissioning of a high-harmonic beamline that is fully synchronized with the free-electron laser FLASH, installed at beamline FL26 with permanent end-station including a reaction microscope (REMI). An optical parametric amplifier synchronized with the FEL burst mode drives the HHG process. First commissioning tests including electron momentum measurements using REMI, demonstrate long-term stability of the HHG source over more than 14 hours. This realization of the combination of these light sources will open new opportunities for time-resolved studies targeting different science cases including core-level ionization dynamics or the electron dynamics during the transformation of a molecule within a chemical reaction probed on femtosecond timescales in the ultraviolet to soft X-ray spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Appi
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | | | - Jose Louise Mapa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Nishad Wesavkar
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Christoph Jusko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany.,EXC 2123/1 QuantumFrontiers, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Philip Mosel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany.,EXC 2123/1 QuantumFrontiers, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph M Heyl
- DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Patrizia Schoch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Uwe Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany.,EXC 2123/1 QuantumFrontiers, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Milutin Kovacev
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation AcrossDisciplines), Hannover, 30167, Germany. .,EXC 2123/1 QuantumFrontiers, Hannover, 30167, Germany.
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