1
|
Large MJ, Kanxheri K, Posar J, Aziz S, Bashiri A, Calcagnile L, Calvo D, Caputo D, Caricato AP, Catalano R, Cirio R, Cirrone GAP, Croci T, Cuttone G, De Cesare G, De Remigis P, Dunand S, Fabi M, Frontini L, Grimani C, Guarrera M, Ionica M, Lenta F, Liberali V, Lovecchio N, Martino M, Maruccio G, Mazza G, Menichelli M, Monteduro AG, Morozzi A, Moscatelli F, Nascetti A, Pallotta S, Passeri D, Pedio M, Petringa G, Peverini F, Placidi P, Quarta G, Rizzato S, Sabbatini F, Servoli L, Stabile A, Thomet JE, Tosti L, Villani M, Wheadon RJ, Wyrsch N, Zema N, Petasecca M, Talamonti C. Dosimetry of microbeam radiotherapy by flexible hydrogenated amorphous silicon detectors. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:155022. [PMID: 39019068 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad64b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Detectors that can provide accurate dosimetry for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) must possess intrinsic radiation hardness, a high dynamic range, and a micron-scale spatial resolution. In this work we characterize hydrogenated amorphous silicon detectors for MRT dosimetry, presenting a novel combination of flexible, ultra-thin and radiation-hard features.Approach.Two detectors are explored: an n-type/intrinsic/p-type planar diode (NIP) and an NIP with an additional charge selective layer (NIP + CSC).Results.The sensitivity of the NIP + CSC detector was greater than the NIP detector for all measurement conditions. At 1 V and 0 kGy under the 3T Cu-Cu synchrotron broadbeam, the NIP + CSC detector sensitivity of (7.76 ± 0.01) pC cGy-1outperformed the NIP detector sensitivity of (3.55 ± 0.23) pC cGy-1by 219%. The energy dependence of both detectors matches closely to the attenuation coefficient ratio of silicon against water. Radiation damage measurements of both detectors out to 40 kGy revealed a higher radiation tolerance in the NIP detector compared to the NIP + CSC (17.2% and 33.5% degradations, respectively). Percentage depth dose profiles matched the PTW microDiamond detector's performance to within ±6% for all beam filtrations except in 3T Al-Al due to energy dependence. The 3T Cu-Cu microbeam field profile was reconstructed and returned microbeam width and peak-to-peak values of (51 ± 1)μm and (405 ± 5)μm, respectively. The peak-to-valley dose ratio was measured as a function of depth and agrees within error to the values obtained with the PTW microDiamond. X-ray beam induced charge mapping of the detector revealed minimal dose perturbations from extra-cameral materials.Significance.The detectors are comparable to commercially available dosimeters for quality assurance in MRT. With added benefits of being micron-sized and possessing a flexible water-equivalent substrate, these detectors are attractive candidates for quality assurance,in-vivodosimetry and in-line beam monitoring for MRT and FLASH therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Large
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Keida Kanxheri
- Dip. di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jessie Posar
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Saba Aziz
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Aishah Bashiri
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Najran University, King Abdulaziz Rd, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucio Calcagnile
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Calvo
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell'Università degli studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Caricato
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberto Catalano
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirio
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Croci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dip. di Ingegneria dell'Università degli studi di Perugia, via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianpiero De Cesare
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell'Università degli studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo De Remigis
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sylvain Dunand
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michele Fabi
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Frontini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Catia Grimani
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Maria Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Lenta
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentino Liberali
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell'Università degli studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martino
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- INFN Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Menichelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Arianna Morozzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Moscatelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Augusto Nascetti
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, Roma, Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale Università degli studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Via Salaria 851/881, 00138 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Pallotta
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze (FI), Italy
| | - Daniele Passeri
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dip. di Ingegneria dell'Università degli studi di Perugia, via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pedio
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Petringa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Peverini
- Dip. di Fisica e Geologia dell'Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pisana Placidi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dip. di Ingegneria dell'Università degli studi di Perugia, via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Quarta
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio de Giorgi', University of Salento, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federico Sabbatini
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Leonello Servoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Stabile
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jonathan Emanuel Thomet
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Tosti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Villani
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Nicolas Wyrsch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zema
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CNR Istituto struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Petasecca
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Cinzia Talamonti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', University of Florence Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Large MJ, Posar JA, Mozer AJ, Nattestad A, Alnaghy S, Carolan M, Sellin PJ, Davies J, Pastuovic Z, Lerch MLF, Guatelli S, Rosenfeld A, Griffith MJ, Petasecca M. Flexible Polymer X-ray Detectors with Non-fullerene Acceptors for Enhanced Stability: Toward Printable Tissue Equivalent Devices for Medical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57703-57712. [PMID: 34806354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the development of novel materials and devices capable of ionizing radiation detection for medical applications. Organic semiconductors are promising candidates to meet the demands of modern detectors, such as low manufacturing costs, mechanical flexibility, and a response to radiation equivalent to human tissue. However, organic semiconductors have typically been employed in applications that convert low energy photons into high current densities, for example, solar cells and LEDs, and thus existing design rules must be re-explored for ionizing radiation detection where high energy photons are converted into typically much lower current densities. In this work, we report the optoelectronic and X-ray dosimetric response of a tissue equivalent organic photodetector fabricated with solution-based inks prepared from polymer donor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blended with either a non-fullerene acceptor (5Z,5'Z)-5,5'-((7,7'-(4,4,9,9-tetraoctyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one) (o-IDTBR) or a fullerene acceptor, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Indirect detection of X-rays was achieved via coupling of organic photodiodes with a plastic scintillator. Both detectors displayed an excellent response linearity with dose, with sensitivities to 6 MV photons of 263.4 ± 0.6 and 114.2 ± 0.7 pC/cGy recorded for P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:o-IDTBR detectors, respectively. Both detectors also exhibited a fast temporal response, able to resolve individual 3.6 μs pulses from the linear accelerator. Energy dependence measurements highlighted that the photodetectors were highly tissue equivalent, though an under-response in devices compared to water by up to a factor of 2.3 was found for photon energies of 30-200 keV due to the response of the plastic scintillator. The P3HT:o-IDTBR device exhibited a higher stability to radiation, showing just an 18.4% reduction in performance when exposed to radiation doses of up to 10 kGy. The reported devices provide a successful demonstration of stable, printable, flexible, and tissue-equivalent radiation detectors with energy dependence similar to other scintillator-based detectors used in radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Large
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Jessie A Posar
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Saree Alnaghy
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Martin Carolan
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Paul J Sellin
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Justin Davies
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pastuovic
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Michael L F Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Matthew J Griffith
- School of Aeronautical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Petasecca
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| |
Collapse
|