1
|
Hogan K, Paul S, Lin G, Fuerte-Stone J, Sokurenko EV, Thomas WE. Effect of Gravity on Bacterial Adhesion to Heterogeneous Surfaces. Pathogens 2023; 12:941. [PMID: 37513788 PMCID: PMC10383686 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is the first step in the formation of surface biofilms. The number of bacteria that bind to a surface from the solution depends on how many bacteria can reach the surface (bacterial transport) and the strength of interactions between bacterial adhesins and surface receptors (adhesivity). By using microfluidic channels and video microscopy as well as computational simulations, we investigated how the interplay between bacterial transport and adhesivity affects the number of the common human pathogen Escherichia coli that bind to heterogeneous surfaces with different receptor densities. We determined that gravitational sedimentation causes bacteria to concentrate at the lower surface over time as fluid moves over a non-adhesive region, so bacteria preferentially adhere to adhesive regions on the lower, inflow-proximal areas that are downstream of non-adhesive regions within the entered compartments. Also, initial bacterial attachment to an adhesive region of a heterogeneous lower surface may be inhibited by shear due to mass transport effects alone rather than shear forces per se, because higher shear washes out the sedimented bacteria. We also provide a conceptual framework and theory that predict the impact of sedimentation on adhesion between and within adhesive regions in flow, where bacteria would likely bind both in vitro and in vivo, and how to normalize the bacterial binding level under experimental set-ups based on the flow compartment configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sai Paul
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Guanyou Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jay Fuerte-Stone
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evgeni V Sokurenko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wendy E Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chatterjee S, Basak AJ, Nair AV, Duraivelan K, Samanta D. Immunoglobulin-fold containing bacterial adhesins: molecular and structural perspectives in host tissue colonization and infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6045506. [PMID: 33355339 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) domains are one of the most widespread protein domains encoded by the human genome and are present in a large array of proteins with diverse biological functions. These Ig domains possess a central structure, the immunoglobulin-fold, which is a sandwich of two β sheets, each made up of anti-parallel β strands, surrounding a central hydrophobic core. Apart from humans, proteins containing Ig-like domains are also distributed in a vast selection of organisms including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, viruses and bacteria where they execute a wide array of discrete cellular functions. In this review, we have described the key structural deviations of bacterial Ig-folds when compared to the classical eukaryotic Ig-fold. Further, we have comprehensively grouped all the Ig-domain containing adhesins present in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we describe the role of these particular adhesins in host tissue attachment, colonization and subsequent infection by both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli as well as other bacterial species. The structural properties of these Ig-domain containing adhesins, along with their interactions with specific Ig-like and non Ig-like binding partners present on the host cell surface have been discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chatterjee
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya J Basak
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Asha V Nair
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Kheerthana Duraivelan
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baert K, De Geest BG, De Greve H, Cox E, Devriendt B. Duality of β-glucan microparticles: antigen carrier and immunostimulants. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2463-9. [PMID: 27330289 PMCID: PMC4898424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing efficient recombinant mucosal vaccines against enteric diseases is still a major challenge. Mucosal delivery of recombinant vaccines requires encapsulation in potent immunostimulatory particles to induce an efficient immune response. This paper evaluates the capacity of β-glucan microparticles (GPs) as antigen vehicles and characterizes their immune-stimulatory effects. The relevant infectious antigen FedF was chosen to be loaded inside the microparticles. The incorporation of FedF inside the particles was highly efficient (roughly 85%) and occurred without antigen degradation. In addition, these GPs have immunostimulatory effects as well, demonstrated by the strong reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by porcine neutrophils upon their recognition. Although antigen-loaded GPs still induce ROS production, antigen loading decreases this production by neutrophils for reasons yet unknown. However, these antigen-loaded GPs are still able to bind their specific β-glucan receptor, demonstrated by blocking complement receptor 3, which is the major β-glucan receptor on porcine neutrophils. The dual character of these particles is confirmed by a T-cell proliferation assay. FedF-loaded particles induce a significantly higher FedF-specific T-cell proliferation than soluble FedF. Taken together, these results show that GPs are efficient antigen carriers with immune-stimulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Baert
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural Biology Research Centre, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moonens K, De Kerpel M, Coddens A, Cox E, Pardon E, Remaut H, De Greve H. Nanobody mediated inhibition of attachment of F18 Fimbriae expressing Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114691. [PMID: 25502211 PMCID: PMC4263667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease caused by F18 fimbriated E. coli are important diseases in newly weaned piglets and lead to severe production losses in farming industry. Protective treatments against these infections have thus far limited efficacy. In this study we generated nanobodies directed against the lectin domain of the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF and showed in an in vitro adherence assay that four unique nanobodies inhibit the attachment of F18 fimbriated E. coli bacteria to piglet enterocytes. Crystallization of the FedF lectin domain with the most potent inhibitory nanobodies revealed their mechanism of action. These either competed with the binding of the blood group antigen receptor on the FedF surface or induced a conformational change in which the CDR3 region of the nanobody displaces the D″-E loop adjacent to the binding site. This D″-E loop was previously shown to be required for the interaction between F18 fimbriated bacteria and blood group antigen receptors in a membrane context. This work demonstrates the feasibility of inhibiting the attachment of fimbriated pathogens by employing nanobodies directed against the adhesin domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maia De Kerpel
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelies Coddens
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Structural Sampling of Glycan Interaction Profiles Reveals Mucosal Receptors for Fimbrial Adhesins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:894-917. [PMID: 24833052 PMCID: PMC3960879 DOI: 10.3390/biology2030894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fimbriae are long, proteinaceous adhesion organelles expressed on the bacterial envelope, evolutionarily adapted by Escherichia coli strains for the colonization of epithelial linings. Using glycan arrays of the Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG), the lectin domains were screened of the fimbrial adhesins F17G and FedF from enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and of the FimH adhesin from uropathogenic E. coli. This has led to the discovery of a more specific receptor for F17G, GlcNAcβ1,3Gal. No significant differences emerged from the glycan binding profiles of the F17G lectin domains from five different E. coli strains. However, strain-dependent amino acid variations, predominantly towards the positively charged arginine, were indicated by sulfate binding in FedF and F17G crystal structures. For FedF, no significant binders could be observed on the CFG glycan array. Hence, a shotgun array was generated from microvilli scrapings of the distal jejunum of a 3-week old piglet about to be weaned. On this array, the blood group A type 1 hexasaccharide emerged as a receptor for the FedF lectin domain and remarkably also for F18-fimbriated E. coli. F17G was found to selectively recognize glycan species with a terminal GlcNAc, typifying intestinal mucins. In conclusion, F17G and FedF recognize long glycan sequences that could only be identified using the shotgun approach. Interestingly, ETEC strains display a large capacity to adapt their fimbrial adhesins to ecological niches via charge-driven interactions, congruent with binding to thick mucosal surfaces displaying an acidic gradient along the intestinal tract.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moonens K, Bouckaert J, Coddens A, Tran T, Panjikar S, De Kerpel M, Cox E, Remaut H, De Greve H. Structural insight in histo-blood group binding by the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:82-95. [PMID: 22812428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
F18-positive enterotoxigenic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are responsible for post-weaning diarrhoea and oedema disease in pigs and lead to severe production losses in the farming industry. F18 fimbriae attach to the small intestine of young piglets by latching onto glycosphingolipids with A/H blood group determinants on type 1 core. We demonstrate the N-terminal domain of the F18 fimbrial subunit FedF to be responsible for ABH-mediated attachment and present its X-ray structure in ligand-free form and bound to A and B type 1 hexaoses. The FedF lectin domain comprises a 10-stranded immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich. Three linear motives, Q(47) -N(50), H(88) -S(90) and R(117) -T(119), form a shallow glycan binding pocket near the tip of the domain that is selective for type 1 core glycans in extended conformation. In addition to the glycan binding pocket, a polybasic loop on the membrane proximal surface of FedF lectin domain is shown to be required for binding to piglet enterocytes. Although dispensable for ABH glycan recognition, the polybasic surface adds binding affinity in the context of the host cell membrane, a mechanism that is proposed to direct ABH-glycan binding to cell-bound glycosphingolipids and could allow bacteria to avoid clearance by secreted glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Villadangos AF, Van Belle K, Wahni K, Dufe VT, Freitas S, Nur H, De Galan S, Gil JA, Collet JF, Mateos LM, Messens J. Corynebacterium glutamicum survives arsenic stress with arsenate reductases coupled to two distinct redox mechanisms. Mol Microbiol 2011; 82:998-1014. [PMID: 22032722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenate reductases (ArsCs) evolved independently as a defence mechanism against toxic arsenate. In the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum, there are two arsenic resistance operons (ars1 and ars2) and four potential genes coding for arsenate reductases (Cg_ArsC1, Cg_ArsC2, Cg_ArsC1' and Cg_ArsC4). Using knockout mutants, in vitro reconstitution of redox pathways, arsenic measurements and enzyme kinetics, we show that a single organism has two different classes of arsenate reductases. Cg_ArsC1 and Cg_ArsC2 are single-cysteine monomeric enzymes coupled to the mycothiol/mycoredoxin redox pathway using a mycothiol transferase mechanism. In contrast, Cg_ArsC1' is a three-cysteine containing homodimer that uses a reduction mechanism linked to the thioredoxin pathway with a k(cat)/K(M) value which is 10(3) times higher than the one of Cg_ArsC1 or Cg_ArsC2. Cg_ArsC1' is constitutively expressed at low levels using its own promoter site. It reduces arsenate to arsenite that can then induce the expression of Cg_ArsC1 and Cg_ArsC2. We also solved the X-ray structures of Cg_ArsC1' and Cg_ArsC2. Both enzymes have a typical low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases-I fold with a conserved oxyanion binding site. Moreover, Cg_ArsC1' is unique in bearing an N-terminal three-helical bundle that interacts with the active site of the other chain in the dimeric interface.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
In the last decade, glycan microarrays have revolutionized the analysis of the specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), providing information that simultaneously illuminates the biology mediated by them and decodes the informational content of the glycome. Numerous methods have emerged for arraying glycans in a "chip" format, and glycan libraries have been assembled that address the diversity of the human glycome. Such arrays have been successfully used for analysis of GBPs, which mediate mammalian biology, host-pathogen interactions, and immune recognition of glycans relevant to vaccine production and cancer antigens. This review covers the development of glycan microarrays and applications that have provided insights into the roles of mammalian and microbial GBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Rillahan
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coddens A, Diswall M, Angström J, Breimer ME, Goddeeris B, Cox E, Teneberg S. Recognition of blood group ABH type 1 determinants by the FedF adhesin of F18-fimbriated Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9713-26. [PMID: 19208633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807866200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
F18-fimbriated Escherichia coli are associated with porcine postweaning diarrhea and edema disease. Adhesion of F18-fimbriated bacteria to the small intestine of susceptible pigs is mediated by the minor fimbrial subunit FedF. However, the target cell receptor for FedF has remained unidentified. Here we report that F18-fimbriated E. coli selectively interact with glycosphingolipids having blood group ABH determinants on type 1 core, and blood group A type 4 heptaglycosylceramide. The minimal binding epitope was identified as the blood group H type 1 determinant (Fucalpha2Galbeta3GlcNAc), while an optimal binding epitope was created by addition of the terminal alpha3-linked galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine of the blood group B type 1 determinant (Galalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAc) and the blood group A type 1 determinant (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)-Galbeta3GlcNAc). To assess the role of glycosphingolipid recognition by F18-fimbriated E. coli in target tissue adherence, F18-binding glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestinal epithelium of blood group O and A pigs and characterized by mass spectrometry and proton NMR. The only glycosphingolipid with F18-binding activity of the blood group O pig was an H type 1 pentaglycosylceramide (Fucalpha2Galbeta3GlcNAc-beta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer). In contrast, the blood group A pig had a number of F18-binding glycosphingolipids, characterized as A type 1 hexaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), A type 4 heptaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GalNAcbeta3Galalpha4Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), A type 1 octaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), and repetitive A type 1 nonaglycosylceramide (GalNAcalpha3(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GalNAcalpha3-(Fucalpha2)Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer). No blood group antigen-carrying glycosphingolipids were recognized by a mutant E. coli strain with deletion of the FedF adhesin, demonstrating that FedF is the structural element mediating binding of F18-fimbriated bacteria to blood group ABH determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Coddens
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tiels P, Verdonck F, Coddens A, Goddeeris B, Cox E. The excretion of F18+ E. coli is reduced after oral immunisation of pigs with a FedF and F4 fimbriae conjugate. Vaccine 2008; 26:2154-63. [PMID: 18543416 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no vaccines are available for edema disease and post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs. In the present study, a subunit vaccine containing the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF was studied. Hereto, recombinant FedF was produced as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein. Even though the produced MBPFedF was shown to attach in vitro to enterocytes, almost no FedF-specific immune response could be detected after oral administration to piglets. The delivery of FedF to the intestinal mucosa was improved by conjugating the MBPFedF to F4 fimbriae. Indeed, this conjugation induced a systemic and local FedF-specific immune response and led to a reduction in excretion after infection with F18+ E. coli. Although complete protection was not observed, the conjugation between FedF and F4 fimbriae can be considered as a first step towards the development of a combined vaccine against F4+ and F18+ E. coli infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Tiels
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|