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Campomenosi P, Mortara L, Bassani B, Valli R, Porta G, Bruno A, Acquati F. The Potential Role of the T2 Ribonucleases in TME-Based Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2160. [PMID: 37626657 PMCID: PMC10452627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing innovative anticancer therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is a complex and dynamic milieu surrounding the tumor mass, consisting of various cellular and molecular components, including those from the host organism, endowed with the ability to significantly influence cancer development and progression. Processes such as angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis are crucial targets in the search for novel anticancer drugs. Thus, identifying molecules with "multi-tasking" properties that can counteract cancer cell growth at multiple levels represents a relevant but still unmet clinical need. Extensive research over the past two decades has revealed a consistent anticancer activity for several members of the T2 ribonuclease family, found in evolutionarily distant species. Initially, it was believed that T2 ribonucleases mainly acted as anticancer agents in a cell-autonomous manner. However, further investigation uncovered a complex and independent mechanism of action that operates at a non-cell-autonomous level, affecting crucial processes in TME-induced tumor growth, such as angiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance, and immune cell polarization. Here, we review and discuss the remarkable properties of ribonucleases from the T2 family in the context of "multilevel" oncosuppression acting on the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Campomenosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Genomic Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Monte Generoso 71, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Valli
- Genomic Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Genomic Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Monte Generoso 71, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Genomic Medicine Research Center, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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2
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Thompson CE, Brisolara-Corrêa L, Thompson HN, Stassen H, de Freitas LB. Evolutionary and structural aspects of Solanaceae RNases T2. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 46:e20220115. [PMID: 36534953 PMCID: PMC9762611 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant RNases T2 are involved in several physiological and developmental processes, including inorganic phosphate starvation, senescence, wounding, defense against pathogens, and the self-incompatibility system. Solanaceae RNases form three main clades, one composed exclusively of S-RNases and two that include S-like RNases. We identified several positively selected amino acids located in highly flexible regions of these molecules, mainly close to the B1 and B2 substrate-binding sites in S-like RNases and the hypervariable regions of S-RNases. These differences between S- and S-like RNases in the flexibility of amino acids in substrate-binding regions are essential to understand the RNA-binding process. For example, in the S-like RNase NT, two positively selected amino acid residues (Tyr156 and Asn134) are located at the most flexible sites on the molecular surface. RNase NT is induced in response to tobacco mosaic virus infection; these sites may thus be regions of interaction with pathogen proteins or viral RNA. Differential selective pressures acting on plant ribonucleases have increased amino acid variability and, consequently, structural differences within and among S-like RNases and S-RNases that seem to be essential for these proteins play different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Elizabeth Thompson
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre,
Departamento de Farmacociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauís Brisolara-Corrêa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helen Nathalia Thompson
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Química,
Departamento de Fisico-Química, Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hubert Stassen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Química,
Departamento de Fisico-Química, Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Azizkhani N, Mirzaei S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Genome-wide identification and characterization of legume T2 Ribonuclease gene family and analysis of GmaRNS9, a soybean T2 Ribonuclease gene, function in nodulation. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:495. [PMID: 34881158 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T2 ribonuclease family (RNaseT2) proteins are secretory and nonspecific endoribonucleases that have a large conserved biological role. Family members of RNaseT2 are found in every organism and carry out important biological functions. However, little is known about the functions of these proteins in legumes, including potential roles in symbiotic nodulation. This study aimed to characterize and perform bioinformatic analysis of RNaseT2 genes in four legume species that their genome was sequenced. In total, 60 RNaseT2 genes were identified and characterized. By analyzing their phylogeny, we divided these RNaseT2 into five clades. Expression analysis of RNaseT2 genes indicated that these genes are expressed in various tissues, and the most expression level was related to the pod, flower, and root. Moreover, GmaRNS9 expression analysis in soybean was consistent with in silico studies and demonstrated that this gene usually has high root tip expression. GmaRNS9 expression was reduced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation and nodule formation. Reduced expression of this gene was possibly controlled by the GmNARK gene either directly or pleiotropically through increased phosphorus requirements during increased nodulation. However, the nutrient stress (phosphate and nitrate starvation) led to an increase in the expression level of GmRNS9. In silico and quantitative gene expression analyses showed that RNaseT2 genes could play important roles in the growth and development of legumes as well as nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Azizkhani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, 7631885356 Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Mirzaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, 7631885356 Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, 7631885356 Kerman, Iran
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Roiz L, Smirnoff P, Lewin I, Shoseyov O, Schwartz B. Human recombinant RNASET2: A potential anti-cancer drug. Oncoscience 2016; 3:71-84. [PMID: 27014725 PMCID: PMC4789573 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of cell motility and angiogenetic processes in metastatic spread and tumor aggressiveness are well established and must be simultaneously targeted to maximize antitumor drug potency. This work evaluated the antitumorigenic capacities of human recombinant RNASET2 (hrRNASET2), a homologue of the Aspergillus niger T2RNase ACTIBIND, which has been shown to display both antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities. hrRNASET2 disrupted intracellular actin filament and actin-rich extracellular extrusion organization in both CT29 colon cancer and A375SM melanoma cells and induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of A375SM cell migration. hrRNASET2 also induced full arrest of angiogenin-induced tube formation and brought to a three-fold lower relative HT29 colorectal and A375SM melanoma tumor volume, when compared to Avastin-treated animals. In parallel, mean blood vessel counts were 36.9% lower in hrRNASET2-vs. Avastin-treated mice and survival rates of hrRNASET2-treated mice were 50% at 73 days post-treatment, while the median survival time for untreated animals was 22 days. Moreover, a 60-day hrRNASET2 treatment period reduced mean A375SM lung metastasis foci counts by three-fold when compared to untreated animals. Taken together, the combined antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic capacities of hrRNASET2, seemingly arising from its direct interaction with intercellular and extracellular matrices, render it an attractive anticancer therapy candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levava Roiz
- T2 BIOTECH Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, ISRAEL
| | | | - Iris Lewin
- T2 BIOTECH Ltd, Weizmann Science Park, Ness Ziona, ISRAEL
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture and School of Nutritional Sciences Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, ISRAEL
| | - Betty Schwartz
- School of Nutritional Sciences Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, ISRAEL
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Human RNASET2 derivatives as potential anti-angiogenic agents: actin binding sequence identification and characterization. Oncoscience 2014; 2:31-43. [PMID: 25815360 PMCID: PMC4341462 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human RNASET2 (hRNASET2) has been demonstrated to exert antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects independent of its ribonuclease capacity. We suggested that RNASET2 exerts its antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic activities via binding to actin and consequently inhibits cell motility. We focused herein on the identification of the actin binding site of hRNASET2 using defined sequences encountered within the whole hRNASET2 protein. For that purpose we designed 29 different hRNASET2-derived peptides. The 29 peptides were examined for their ability to bind immobilized actin. Two selected peptides-A103-Q159 consisting of 57 amino acids and peptide K108-K133 consisting of 26 amino acids were demonstrated to have the highest actin binding ability and concomitantly the most potent anti-angiogenic activity. Further analyses on the putative mechanisms associated with angiogenesis inhibition exerted by peptide K108-K133 involved its location during treatment within the HUVE cells. Peptide K108-K133 readily penetrates the cell membrane within 10 min of incubation. In addition, supplementation with angiogenin delays the entrance of peptide K108-K133 to the cell suggesting competition on the same cell internalization route. The peptide was demonstrated to co-localize with angiogenin, suggesting that both molecules bind analogous cellular epitopes, similar to our previously reported data for ACTIBIND and trT2-50.
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Soulard J, Boivin N, Morse D, Cappadocia M. eEF1A is an S-RNase binding factor in self-incompatible Solanum chacoense. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90206. [PMID: 24587282 PMCID: PMC3937366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism that allows flowering plants to identify and block fertilization by self-pollen. In the Solanaceae, SI is controlled by a multiallelic S-locus encoding both S-RNases and F-box proteins as female and male determinants, respectively. S-RNase activity is essential for pollen rejection, and a minimum threshold value of S-RNases in the style is also required. Here we present biochemical evidence that eEF1A is a novel S-RNase-binding partner in vitro. We further show that the normal actin binding activity of eEF1A is enhanced by the presence of S-RNase. Lastly, we find that there is a co-localization of S-RNase and actin in the incompatible pollen tubes in structures reminiscent of the actin bundles formed by eEF1A. We propose that increased binding of eEF1A to actin in the presence of S-RNase could help explain the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton observed during SI reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Soulard
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Boivin
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Morse
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Cappadocia
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (IRBV), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Structure-function analysis of Rny1 in tRNA cleavage and growth inhibition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41111. [PMID: 22829915 PMCID: PMC3400635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T2 ribonucleases are conserved nucleases that affect a variety of processes in eukaryotic cells including the regulation of self-incompatibility by S-RNases in plants, modulation of host immune cell responses by viral and schistosome T2 enzymes, and neurological development and tumor progression in humans. These roles for RNaseT2’s can be due to catalytic or catalytic-independent functions of the molecule. Despite this broad importance, the features of RNaseT2 proteins that modulate catalytic and catalytic-independent functions are poorly understood. Herein, we analyze the features of Rny1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine the requirements for cleaving tRNA in vivo and for inhibiting cellular growth in a catalytic-independent manner. We demonstrate that catalytic-independent inhibition of growth is a combinatorial property of the protein and is affected by a fungal-specific C-terminal extension, the conserved catalytic core, and the presence of a signal peptide. Catalytic functions of Rny1 are independent of the C-terminal extension, are affected by many mutations in the catalytic core, and also require a signal peptide. Biochemical flotation assays reveal that in rny1Δ cells, some tRNA molecules associate with membranes suggesting that cleavage of tRNAs by Rny1 can involve either tRNA association with, or uptake into, membrane compartments.
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de Leeuw M, González A, Lanir A, Roiz L, Smirnoff P, Schwartz B, Shoseyov O, Almog O. The 1.8 Å Crystal Structure of ACTIBIND Suggests a Mode of Action for T2 Ribonucleases As Antitumorigenic Agents. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1013-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Leeuw
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ana González
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 99, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Assaf Lanir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Orna Almog
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Luhtala N, Parker R. T2 Family ribonucleases: ancient enzymes with diverse roles. Trends Biochem Sci 2010; 35:253-9. [PMID: 20189811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleases of the T2 family are found in the genomes of protozoans, plants, bacteria, animals and viruses. A broad range of biological roles for these ribonucleases have been suggested, including scavenging of nucleic acids, degradation of self-RNA, serving as extra- or intracellular cytotoxins, and modulating host immune responses. Recently, RNaseT2 family members have been implicated in human pathologies such as cancer and parasitic diseases. Interestingly, certain functions of RNaseT2 family members are independent of their nuclease activity, suggesting that these proteins have additional functions. Moreover, humans lacking RNASET2 manifest a defect in neurological development, perhaps due to aberrant control of the immune system. We review the basic structure and function of RNaseT2 family members and their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Luhtala
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0106, USA
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