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Exploring 2-Tetradecanoylimino-3-aryl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolines Derivatives as Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors: Biochemical Evaluation and Computational Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196766. [PMID: 36235300 PMCID: PMC9572939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study focused on the laboratory approach in conjunction with computational methods for the synthesis and bioactivity assessment of unique 2-tetradecanoylimino-3-aryl-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolines (2a-2k). Processes included cyclizing 1-aroyl-3-arylthioureas with propan-2-one in the presence of trimethylamine and bromine. By using spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses, structures were elucidated. To assess the electronic properties, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were made, while binding interactions of synthesized derivatives were studied by the molecular docking tool. Promising results were found during the evaluation of bioactivity of synthesized compounds against alkaline phosphatase. The drug likeliness score, an indicator used for any chemical entity posing as a drug, was within acceptable limits. The data suggested that most of the derivatives were potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, which in turn may act as lead molecules to synthesize derivatives having desired pharmacological profiles for the treatment of specific diseases associated with abnormal levels of ALPs.
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Yavorska O, Syriste L, du Plessis CM, Yaqoob M, Loogman K, Cordara M, Chik JK. Cosolutes Modify Alkaline Phosphatase Catalysis through Osmotic Stress and Crowding Mechanisms. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26239-26250. [PMID: 34660983 PMCID: PMC8515568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Examining the effects of different cosolutes on in vitro enzyme kinetics yielded glimpses into their potential behavior when functioning in their natural, complex, in vivo milieu. Viewing cosolute in vitro influences on a model enzyme, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, as a combination of competitive and uncompetitive behaviors provided quantitative insights into their effects on catalysis. Observed decreases in the apparent specificity constant, K asp, caused by the presence of polyethylene glycols or betaine in the reaction solution, indicated interference with enzyme-substrate complex formation. This competitive inhibition appeared to be driven by osmotic stress. Dextran 6 K and sucrose strongly impeded the subsequent conversion of the bound substrate into a free product, which was marked by sharp reductions in V max, uncompetitive inhibition. For the same step, smaller noncarbohydrate cosolutes, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400, and betaine, also behaved as uncompetitive inhibitors but to a lesser extent. However, polyethylene glycol 8000 and 20,000 were uncompetitive activators, increasing V max. Polyethylene glycol of molecular weight 1000 displayed intermediate effects between these two groups of noncarbohydrate cosolutes. These results suggested that crowding has a strong influence on free product formation. The combination of competitive and uncompetitive effects and mixed behaviors, caused by the cosolutes on calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase kinetics, was consistent with the trends seen in similar enzyme-cosolute studies. It is proposed that the double-displacement mechanism of alkaline phosphatases, shared by many other enzymes, could be the root of this general observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana
A. Yavorska
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Lukas Syriste
- Microbiology,
Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, HSC B724-E, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Chantal M. du Plessis
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Maryam Yaqoob
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Kyle Loogman
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Michael Cordara
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - John K. Chik
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
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3
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Wang Y, Xiong F, Yang J, Xia T, Jia Z, Shen J, Xu C, Feng J, Lu Y. Decreased albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio predicted poor survival of resectable gastric cancer patients. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1338-1350. [PMID: 34532092 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is an innovative prognostic index for various cancer patients, the clinical significance of the AAPR in patients with GC is unknown. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 227 resectable GC patients in our center. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) were used to compare the prognostic abilities of the TNM and AAPR-TNM staging systems in DFS and OS prediction. Results The AAPR was significantly decreased in GC patients, and the optimal cut-off value for resectable and benign gastric disease was 0.437 as determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation analysis revealed that decreased AAPR in GC was associated with T stage (P=0.004) and TNM stage (P=0.013). Decreased preoperative AAPR correlated with both unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis showed that the TNM stage (DFS: P=0.001, OS: P=0.002) and differential levels of AAPR (DFS: P<0.001, OS: P<0.001) were independent risk factors of DFS and OS. ROC analysis showed that the AAPR-TNM system was more superior than the TNM staging system for DFS (z=1.91, P=0.028) and OS (z=1.937, P=0.026) prediction. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) analysis indicated that the AAPR-TNM system had a significantly larger χ2 for both DFS (35.58 vs. 34.51, P<0.001) and OS (32.92 vs. 30.07, P<0.001), and a lower Akaike information criterion (AIC) value both for DFS (1,032 vs. 1,065, P<0.001) and OS (869 vs. 898, P<0.001) compared to the TNM system. Conclusions The AAPR level significantly decreased in patients with GC, and impacted the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongda Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Stevens BR, Ellory JC, Preston RL. B 0AT1 Amino Acid Transporter Complexed With SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Forms a Heterodimer Functional Unit: In Situ Conformation Using Radiation Inactivation Analysis. FUNCTION 2021; 2:zqab027. [PMID: 34847569 PMCID: PMC8194517 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), is expressed at levels of greatest magnitude in the small intestine as compared with all other human tissues. Enterocyte ACE2 is coexpressed as the apical membrane trafficking partner obligatory for expression and activity of the B0AT1 sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter. These components are assembled as an [ACE2:B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary complex that putatively steers SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI clinical symptomology is reported in about half of COVID-19 patients, and can be accompanied by gut shedding of virion particles. We hypothesized that within this 4-mer structural complex, each [ACE2:B0AT1] heterodimer pair constitutes a physiological "functional unit." This was confirmed experimentally by employing purified lyophilized enterocyte brush border membrane vesicles exposed to increasing doses of high-energy electron radiation from a 16 MeV linear accelerator. Based on radiation target theory, the results indicated the presence of Na+-dependent neutral amino acid influx transport activity functional unit with target size molecular weight 183.7 ± 16.8 kDa in situ in intact apical membranes. Each thermodynamically stabilized [ACE2:B0AT1] heterodimer functional unit manifests the transport activity within the whole ∼345 kDa [ACE2:B0AT1]2 dimer-of-heterodimers quaternary structural complex. The results are consistent with our prior molecular docking modeling and gut-lung axis approaches to understanding COVID-19. These findings advance understanding the physiology of B0AT1 interaction with ACE2 in the gut, and thereby contribute to translational developments designed to treat or mitigate COVID-19 variant outbreaks and/or GI symptom persistence in long-haul postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - J Clive Ellory
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert L Preston
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790, USA
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Madaj R, Pawlowska R, Chworos A. In silico exploration of binding of selected bisphosphonate derivatives to placental alkaline phosphatase via docking and molecular dynamics. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107801. [PMID: 33296741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates constitute a group of pyrophosphate analogues therapeutically active against bone diseases. Numerous studies confirm their anticancer and antimetastatic potential as well as ability to relieve pathological pain. Although this is a known class of compounds, many aspects of their action remain unexplained and their new interaction partners are still being discovered. Due to the structural similarity to pyrophosphate, their interaction with pyrophosphate-recognizing enzymes seems to be feasible. In current work, the placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is considered as a potential target for these class of compounds. PLAP is one of the enzymes responsible for degradation of pyrophosphate with high clinical significance. An elevation of PLAP level are considered as a potential cancer marker. An in silico study of complexes formed between selected phosphate derivatives and PLAP was performed. It indicates that all tested compounds: alendronic acid, clodronic acid, etidronic acid, zoledronic acid, imidodiphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, medronic acid, chloromethylenediphosphonic acid and hypophosphoric acid form a complexes with PLAP, stabilized by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. Zoledronic acid, drug used in prevention of bone complications during cancer treatment was found to have the lowest estimated energy of binding (-6.6 kcal/mol). In silico study yielded very low energy of binding also for hypophosphate, equal -6.4 kcal/mol, despite having no identified hydrogen bonds. Subsequent molecular dynamic simulations, followed by molecular mechanics generalized-born surface area with pairwise decomposition calculations confirmed the stability of protein-ligand complexes. The results indicate that selected phosphate derivatives may potentially interact with the enzyme, changing its function, what should be investigated during in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Madaj
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Roza Pawlowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Chworos
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
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Katsipis G, Tsalouxidou V, Halevas E, Geromichalou E, Geromichalos G, Pantazaki AA. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the inhibitory effect of a curcumin-based oxovanadium (IV) complex on alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial biofilm formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:147-168. [PMID: 33191462 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific interest in the development of novel metal-based compounds as inhibitors of bacterial biofilm-related infections and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) deregulating effects is continuous and rising. In the current study, a novel crystallographically defined heteroleptic V(IV)-curcumin-bipyridine (V-Cur) complex with proven bio-activity was studied as a potential inhibitor of ALP activity and bacterial biofilm. The inhibitory effect of V-Cur was evaluated on bovine ALP, with two different substrates: para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The obtained results suggested that V-Cur inhibited the ALP activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 26.91 ± 1.61 μM for ATP, IC50 = 2.42 ± 0.12 μM for pNPP) exhibiting a mixed/competitive type of inhibition with both substrates tested. The evaluation of the potential V-Cur inhibitory effect on bacterial biofilm formation was performed on Gram (+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram (-) Escherichia coli (E. coli) cultures, and it positively correlated with inhibition of bacterial ALP activity. In silico study proved the binding of V-Cur at eukaryotic and bacterial ALP, and its interaction with crucial amino acids of the active sites, verifying complex's inhibitory potential. The findings suggested a specific anti-biofilm activity of V-Cur, offering a further dimension in the importance of metal complexes, with naturally derived products as biological ligands, as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections and ALP-associated diseases. KEY POINTS: • V-Cur inhibits bovine and bacterial alkaline phosphatases and bacterial biofilm formation. • Alkaline phosphatase activity correlates with biofilm formation. • In silico studies prove binding of the complex on alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Katsipis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Tsalouxidou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Halevas
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Democritus", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - E Geromichalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - G Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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7
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Understanding the enzymatic inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by aminophenazone-derived aryl thioureas with aided computational molecular dynamics simulations: synthesis, characterization, SAR and kinetic profiling. Mol Divers 2020; 25:1701-1715. [PMID: 32862361 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The work presented in this paper aims toward the synthesis of aryl thiourea derivatives 4a-l of pyrazole based nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug named 4-aminophenazone, as potential inhibitors of intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The screening of synthesized target compounds 4a-l for unraveling the anti-inflammatory potential against calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase gives rise to lead member 4c possessing IC50 value 0.420 ± 0.012 µM, many folds better than reference standard used (KH2PO4 IC50 = 2.8 ± 0.06 µM and L-phenylalanine IC50 = 100 ± 3.1 µM). SAR for unfolding the active site binding pocket interaction along with the mode of enzyme inhibition based on kinetic studies is carried out which showed non-competitive binding mode. The enzyme inhibition studies were further supplemented by molecular dynamic simulations for predicting the protein behavior against active inhibitors 4c and 4g during docking analysis. The preliminary toxicity of the synthesized compounds was determined by using brine shrimp assay. This work also includes detailed biochemical analysis along with RO5 parameters for all the newly synthesized drug derivatives 4a-l.
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8
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Li W, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ma Y, Guo Z, Liu Z. Controllably Prepared Aptamer-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Hybrid for High-Specificity and High-Affinity Recognition of Target Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4831-4837. [PMID: 30827094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and aptamers, as effective mimics of antibodies, can overcome only some drawbacks of antibodies. Since they have their own advantages and disadvantages, the combination of MIPs with aptamers could be an ideal solution to produce hybrid alternatives with improved properties and desirable features. Although quite a few attempts have been made in this direction, a facile and controllable approach for the preparation of aptamer-MIP hybrids still remains lacking. Herein, we present a new approach for facile and controllable preparation of aptamer-MIP hybrids for high-specificity and high-affinity recognition toward proteins. An aptamer that can bind the glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with relative weak affinity and specificity was used as a ligand, and controllable oriented surface imprinting was carried out with an in-water self-polymerization system of dopamine. A thin layer of polydopamine was formed to cover the template to an appropriate thickness. After removing the template from the polymer, an aptamer-MIP hybrid with apparently improved affinity and specificity toward ALP was obtained, giving cross-reactivity of 3.2-5.6% and a dissociation constant of 1.5 nM. With this aptamer-MIP hybrid, a plasmonic immunosandwich assay (PISA) was developed. Reliable detection of ALP in human serum by the PISA was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Al-Rashida M, Qazi SU, Batool N, Hameed A, Iqbal J. Ectonucleotidase inhibitors: a patent review (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:1291-1304. [PMID: 28870136 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1369958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of metallo-ectoenzymes that are responsible for hydrolysing a variety of nucleotides to nucleosides, hence orchestrating the activation of P1 and P2 cell receptors via controlled release of nucleotides and nucleosides. Many disorders such as impaired calcification including aortic calcification, neurological and immunological disorders, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation and metastasis. are characterized by an increase in expression of these ectonucleotidases. Consequently, selective inhibitors of ectonucleotidases are required for therapeutic intervention. Area covered: Several classes of compounds such as purine, nucleotide derivatives (e.g., ARL67156) and monoclonal antibodies, have shown promising ectonucleotidase inhibitory potential. This review discusses chemistry and therapeutic applications of ectonucleotidase inhibitors patented from 2011 to 2016. Expert opinion: All eukaryotic cells express nucleotide and nucleoside receptors on their cell surface and are capable of releasing extracellular nucleotides. Ectonucleotidases are a broad family of metallo-ectoenzymes that hydrolyze a variety of nucleotides to nucleosides. These extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are important cell signalling molecules and mediate a variety of (patho)physiological processes by acting upon their respective P1 and/or P2 receptors. Discovery of molecules that can selectively inhibit or activate ectonucleotidases is crucial from therapeutic point of view, since it allows human intervention into purinergic cell signalling, thereby allowing us to modulate related (patho)physiological processes as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Al-Rashida
- a Department of Chemistry , Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Syeda Uroos Qazi
- b H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Nayab Batool
- c Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- b H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- d Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan
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10
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Rader BA. Alkaline Phosphatase, an Unconventional Immune Protein. Front Immunol 2017; 8:897. [PMID: 28824625 PMCID: PMC5540973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies focusing on alkaline phosphatases (APs), revealing an expanding complexity of function of these enzymes. Of the four human AP (hAP) proteins, most is known about tissue non-specific AP (TNAP) and intestinal AP (IAP). This review highlights current understanding of TNAP and IAP in relation to human health and disease. TNAP plays a role in multiple processes, including bone mineralization, vitamin B6 metabolism, and neurogenesis, is the genetic cause of hypophosphatasia, influences inflammation through regulation of purinergic signaling, and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. IAP regulates fatty acid absorption and has been implicated in the regulation of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. IAP and TNAP can dephosphorylate bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharide, and IAP has been identified as a potential regulator of the composition of the intestinal microbiome, an evolutionarily conserved function. Endogenous and recombinant bovine APs and recombinant hAPs are currently being explored for their potential as pharmacological agents to treat AP-associated diseases and mitigate multiple sources of inflammation. Continued research on these versatile proteins will undoubtedly provide insight into human pathophysiology, biochemistry, and the human holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States
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11
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Garcia AF, Simão AMS, Bolean M, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL, Ciancaglini P, Costa-Filho AJ. Effects of GPI-anchored TNAP on the dynamic structure of model membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:26295-301. [PMID: 26389140 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) plays a crucial role during skeletal mineralization, and TNAP deficiency leads to the soft bone disease hypophosphatasia. TNAP is anchored to the external surface of the plasma membranes by means of a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) anchor. Membrane-anchored and solubilized TNAP displays different kinetic properties against physiological substrates, indicating that membrane anchoring influences the enzyme function. Here, we used Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements along with spin labeled phospholipids to probe the possible dynamic changes prompted by the interaction of GPI-anchored TNAP with model membranes. The goal was to systematically analyze the ESR data in terms of line shape changes and of alterations in parameters such as rotational diffusion rates and order parameters obtained from non-linear least-squares simulations of the ESR spectra of probes incorporated into DPPC liposomes and proteoliposomes. Overall, the presence of TNAP increased the dynamics and decreased the ordering in the three distinct regions probed by the spin labeled lipids DOPTC (headgroup), and 5- and 16-PCSL (acyl chains). The largest change was observed for 16-PCSL, thus suggesting that GPI-anchored TNAP can give rise to long reaching modifications that could influence membrane processes halfway through the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Kiffer-Moreira T, Sheen CR, Gasque KCDS, Bolean M, Ciancaglini P, van Elsas A, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL. Catalytic signature of a heat-stable, chimeric human alkaline phosphatase with therapeutic potential. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89374. [PMID: 24586729 PMCID: PMC3933536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant alkaline phosphatases are becoming promising protein therapeutics to prevent skeletal mineralization defects, inflammatory bowel diseases, and treat acute kidney injury. By substituting the flexible crown domain of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) with that of the human placental isozyme (PLAP) we generated a chimeric enzyme (ChimAP) that retains the structural folding of IAP, but displays greatly increased stability, active site Zn2+ binding, increased transphosphorylation, a higher turnover number and narrower substrate specificity, with comparable selectivity for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), than the parent IAP isozyme. ChimAP shows promise as a protein therapeutic for indications such as inflammatory bowel diseases, gut dysbioses and acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kiffer-Moreira
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Campbell R. Sheen
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kellen Cristina da Silva Gasque
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Mayte Bolean
- Departamento de Química, FFCLRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Zimmermann H, Zebisch M, Sträter N. Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases. Purinergic Signal 2012; 8:437-502. [PMID: 22555564 PMCID: PMC3360096 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors. They generate extracellular nucleosides for cellular reuptake and salvage via nucleoside transporters of the plasma membrane. The extracellular adenosine formed acts as an agonist of purinergic P1 receptors. They also can produce and hydrolyze extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate that is of major relevance in the control of bone mineralization. This review discusses and compares four major groups of ecto-nucleotidases: the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases, and alkaline phosphatases. Only recently and based on crystal structures, detailed information regarding the spatial structures and catalytic mechanisms has become available for members of these four ecto-nucleotidase families. This permits detailed predictions of their catalytic mechanisms and a comparison between the individual enzyme groups. The review focuses on the principal biochemical, cell biological, catalytic, and structural properties of the enzymes and provides brief reference to tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Zimmermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Biologicum, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Müller KH, Kakkola L, Nagaraj AS, Cheltsov AV, Anastasina M, Kainov DE. Emerging cellular targets for influenza antiviral agents. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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