1
|
Liang H, Li J, Zhang K. Pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191645. [PMID: 37346040 PMCID: PMC10279876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The histopathological features of psoriasis include excessive proliferation of keratinocytes and infiltration of immune cells. The S100 proteins are a group of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, including S100A2, -A7, -A8/A9, -A12, -A15, which expression levels are markedly upregulated in psoriatic skin. These proteins exert numerous functions such as serving as intracellular Ca2+ sensors, transduction of Ca2+ signaling, response to extracellular stimuli, energy metabolism, and regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Evidence shows a crucial role of S100 proteins in the development and progress of inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. S100 proteins can possibly be used as potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarkers. This review focuses on the pathogenic role of S100 proteins in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Center Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Influence of S100A2 in Human Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071756. [PMID: 35885660 PMCID: PMC9316160 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins characterized by two calcium-binding sites with a helix-loop-helix (“EF-hand-type”) domain. The S100 family of proteins is distributed across various organs and can interact with diverse molecules. Among the proteins of the S100 family, S100 calcium-binding protein A2 (S100A2) has been identified in mammary epithelial cells, glands, lungs, kidneys, and prostate gland, exhibiting various physiological and pathological actions in human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. In this review, we introduce basic knowledge regarding S100A2 regulatory mechanisms. Although S100A2 is a tumor suppressor, we describe the various influences of S100A2 on cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hegde RP, Fedorov AA, Sauder JM, Burley SK, Almo SC, Ramagopal UA. The hidden treasure in your data: phasing with unexpected weak anomalous scatterers from routine data sets. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:184-195. [PMID: 28368276 PMCID: PMC5379167 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) utilizing anomalous signal from native S atoms, or other atoms with Z ≤ 20, generally requires highly redundant data collected using relatively long-wavelength X-rays. Here, the results from two proteins are presented where the anomalous signal from serendipitously acquired surface-bound Ca atoms with an anomalous data multiplicity of around 10 was utilized to drive de novo structure determination. In both cases, the Ca atoms were acquired from the crystallization solution, and the data-collection strategy was not optimized to exploit the anomalous signal from these scatterers. The X-ray data were collected at 0.98 Å wavelength in one case and at 1.74 Å in the other (the wavelength was optimized for sulfur, but the anomalous signal from calcium was exploited for structure solution). Similarly, using a test case, it is shown that data collected at ∼1.0 Å wavelength, where the f'' value for sulfur is 0.28 e, are sufficient for structure determination using intrinsic S atoms from a strongly diffracting crystal. Interestingly, it was also observed that SHELXD was capable of generating a substructure solution from high-exposure data with a completeness of 70% for low-resolution reflections extending to 3.5 Å resolution with relatively low anomalous multiplicity. Considering the fact that many crystallization conditions contain anomalous scatterers such as Cl, Ca, Mn etc., checking for the presence of fortuitous anomalous signal in data from well diffracting crystals could prove useful in either determining the structure de novo or in accurately assigning surface-bound atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghurama P. Hegde
- Division of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, #4, 16th Cross, Sadashivnagar, Bangalore 560 080, India
| | - Alexander A. Fedorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ullmann Building, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - J. Michael Sauder
- Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, 10290 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Stephen K. Burley
- RCSB Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Institute of Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- RCSB Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, San Diego, California, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Ullmann Building, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Udupi A. Ramagopal
- Division of Biological Sciences, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research, #4, 16th Cross, Sadashivnagar, Bangalore 560 080, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim MK, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kang SO. Structure of the 34 kDa F-actin-bundling protein ABP34 from Dictyostelium discoideum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1835-49. [PMID: 26327373 DOI: 10.1107/s139900471501264x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the 34 kDa F-actin-bundling protein ABP34 from Dictyostelium discoideum was solved by Ca(2+)/S-SAD phasing and refined at 1.89 Å resolution. ABP34 is a calcium-regulated actin-binding protein that cross-links actin filaments into bundles. Its in vitro F-actin-binding and F-actin-bundling activities were confirmed by a co-sedimentation assay and transmission electron microscopy. The co-localization of ABP34 with actin in cells was also verified. ABP34 adopts a two-domain structure with an EF-hand-containing N-domain and an actin-binding C-domain, but has no reported overall structural homologues. The EF-hand is occupied by a calcium ion with a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination as in the canonical EF-hand. The C-domain structure resembles a three-helical bundle and superposes well onto the rod-shaped helical structures of some cytoskeletal proteins. Residues 216-244 in the C-domain form part of the strongest actin-binding sites (193-254) and exhibit a conserved sequence with the actin-binding region of α-actinin and ABP120. Furthermore, the second helical region of the C-domain is kinked by a proline break, offering a convex surface towards the solvent area which is implicated in actin binding. The F-actin-binding model suggests that ABP34 binds to the side of the actin filament and residues 216-244 fit into a pocket between actin subdomains -1 and -2 through hydrophobic interactions. These studies provide insights into the calcium coordination in the EF-hand and F-actin-binding site in the C-domain of ABP34, which are associated through interdomain interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fritz G. X-ray structural analysis of S100 proteins. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2013; 963:87-97. [PMID: 23296606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-230-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallography is a potent and meanwhile fast technique to obtain detailed structural information of S100 proteins in their apo or metal ion-loaded state. S100 proteins crystallize in the absence or presence of Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) and the obtained crystals often diffract to high resolution yielding information on the ion-binding sites, conformation, and target interaction sites of the proteins. Here, I describe a general scheme to isolate and crystallize S100 proteins and the analysis of protein crystals using a modern synchrotron source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Fritz
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurozentrum, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|