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Gălbău CȘ, Badea M, Gaman LE. Do Young Consumers Care about Antioxidant Benefits and Resveratrol and Caffeic Acid Consumption? Nutrients 2024; 16:1439. [PMID: 38794677 PMCID: PMC11123920 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol and caffeic acid are some of the most consumed antioxidants during the day, so their importance as sources and their benefits need to be evaluated and updated. This survey aimed not only to analyze whether young Romanian consumers are informed about the benefits of antioxidants in general, and resveratrol and caffeic acid in particular, but also to observe the degree of nutritional education of these participants. Young consumers know the concept of antioxidants relatively well; they managed to give examples of antioxidants and indicate their effects. The majority of those chosen drink wine and coffee, but many are unaware of their health advantages and antioxidant properties. Students are less familiar with the antioxidant chemicals resveratrol and caffeic acid. It is advised to have a thorough understanding of these significant antioxidants and their nutritional content as they are present in our regular diets, and further studies on different kinds of antioxidants are required to increase the awareness of people concerning their importance in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ștefania Gălbău
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania;
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, 500484 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brașov, Romania;
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, 500484 Brașov, Romania
| | - Laura Elena Gaman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Ferreira SDS, Silva DPD, Torres-Rêgo M, Silva-Júnior AAD, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. The potential of phenolic acids in therapy against snakebites: A review. Toxicon 2021; 208:1-12. [PMID: 34979199 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ophidism is a serious health problem worldwide and is included in the World Health Organization's (WHO's) list of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Although snakebite envenoming requires emergency treatment, currently the only treatment recommended by WHO is serotherapy, which has some disadvantages such as low access to the rural population, low effectiveness in neutralizing local effects, and high cost. In this context, new alternatives for the treatment of snakebites are required. The use of plant-derived compounds to inhibit the effects caused by snake venoms has been the object of a number of studies in recent years. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the use of phenolic acids with therapeutic application against envenomation by snakes of different species. In this sense, structural analysis in silico and biological activities in vivo and in vitro were reported. The acids were subdivided into derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids, with derivatives of cinnamic acids being the most studied. Studies have revealed that these compounds are capable of inhibiting local and systemic effects induced by envenomation, and structural analyses indicate that the acids interact with important sites responsible for the action of toxins. Thus, it was reported that phenolic acids showed antiophidic potential, providing insights for future research to develop complementary drugs for the treatment of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Sousa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Diana Pontes da Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil; Graduate Program of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.
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Gutiérrez JM, Albulescu LO, Clare RH, Casewell NR, Abd El-Aziz TM, Escalante T, Rucavado A. The Search for Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors That Would Complement Antivenoms as Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:451. [PMID: 34209691 PMCID: PMC8309910 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A global strategy, under the coordination of the World Health Organization, is being unfolded to reduce the impact of snakebite envenoming. One of the pillars of this strategy is to ensure safe and effective treatments. The mainstay in the therapy of snakebite envenoming is the administration of animal-derived antivenoms. In addition, new therapeutic options are being explored, including recombinant antibodies and natural and synthetic toxin inhibitors. In this review, snake venom toxins are classified in terms of their abundance and toxicity, and priority actions are being proposed in the search for snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), three-finger toxin (3FTx), and serine proteinase (SVSP) inhibitors. Natural inhibitors include compounds isolated from plants, animal sera, and mast cells, whereas synthetic inhibitors comprise a wide range of molecules of a variable chemical nature. Some of the most promising inhibitors, especially SVMP and PLA2 inhibitors, have been developed for other diseases and are being repurposed for snakebite envenoming. In addition, the search for drugs aimed at controlling endogenous processes generated in the course of envenoming is being pursued. The present review summarizes some of the most promising developments in this field and discusses issues that need to be considered for the effective translation of this knowledge to improve therapies for tackling snakebite envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Laura-Oana Albulescu
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Rachel H. Clare
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (L.-O.A.); (R.H.C.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rucavado
- Facultad de Microbiología, Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica; (T.E.); (A.R.)
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Fernandes CAH, Cardoso FF, Cavalcante WGL, Soares AM, Dal-Pai M, Gallacci M, Fontes MRM. Structural Basis for the Inhibition of a Phospholipase A2-Like Toxin by Caffeic and Aristolochic Acids. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133370. [PMID: 26192963 PMCID: PMC4508052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in toxicology today is to develop therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of snake venom injuries that are not efficiently neutralized by conventional serum therapy. Venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) and PLA2-like proteins play a fundamental role in skeletal muscle necrosis, which can result in permanent sequelae and disability. This leads to economic and social problems, especially in developing countries. In this work, we performed structural and functional studies with Piratoxin-I, a Lys49-PLA2 from Bothropspirajai venom, complexed with two compounds present in several plants used in folk medicine against snakebites. These ligands partially neutralized the myotoxic activity of PrTX-I towards binding on the two independent sites of interaction between Lys49-PLA2 and muscle membrane. Our results corroborate the previously proposed mechanism of action of PLA2s-like and provide insights for the design of structure-based inhibitors that could prevent the permanent injuries caused by these proteins in snakebite victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. H. Fernandes
- Dep. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Toxinas, CNPq, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Florença Cardoso
- Dep. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Toxinas, CNPq, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dep. de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter G. L. Cavalcante
- Dep. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Toxinas, CNPq, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Dep. de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai
- Dep. de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Gallacci
- Dep. de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos R. M. Fontes
- Dep. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP–Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Toxinas, CNPq, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandes CA, Borges RJ, Lomonte B, Fontes MR. A structure-based proposal for a comprehensive myotoxic mechanism of phospholipase A2-like proteins from viperid snake venoms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:2265-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Snake venom PLA2s inhibitors isolated from Brazilian plants: synthetic and natural molecules. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:153045. [PMID: 24171158 PMCID: PMC3793501 DOI: 10.1155/2013/153045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ophidian envenomation is an important health problem in Brazil and other South American countries. In folk medicine, especially in developing countries, several vegetal species are employed for the treatment of snakebites in communities that lack prompt access to serum therapy. However, the identification and characterization of the effects of several new plants or their isolated compounds, which are able to inhibit the activities of snake venom, are extremely important and such studies are imperative. Snake venom contains several organic and inorganic compounds; phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are one of the principal toxic components of venom. PLA2s display a wide variety of pharmacological activities, such as neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, anticoagulant, hemorrhagic, and edema-inducing effects. PLA2 inhibition is of pharmacological and therapeutic interests as these enzymes are involved in several inflammatory diseases. This review describes the results of several studies of plant extracts and their isolated active principles, when used against crude snake venoms or their toxic fractions. Isolated inhibitors, such as steroids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, are able to inhibit PLA2s from different snake venoms. The design of specific inhibitors of PLA2s might help in the development of new pharmaceutical drugs, more specific antivenom, or even as alternative approaches for treating snakebites.
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