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Antonny B, Burd C, De Camilli P, Chen E, Daumke O, Faelber K, Ford M, Frolov VA, Frost A, Hinshaw JE, Kirchhausen T, Kozlov MM, Lenz M, Low HH, McMahon H, Merrifield C, Pollard TD, Robinson PJ, Roux A, Schmid S. Membrane fission by dynamin: what we know and what we need to know. EMBO J 2016; 35:2270-2284. [PMID: 27670760 PMCID: PMC5090216 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The large GTPase dynamin is the first protein shown to catalyze membrane fission. Dynamin and its related proteins are essential to many cell functions, from endocytosis to organelle division and fusion, and it plays a critical role in many physiological functions such as synaptic transmission and muscle contraction. Research of the past three decades has focused on understanding how dynamin works. In this review, we present the basis for an emerging consensus on how dynamin functions. Three properties of dynamin are strongly supported by experimental data: first, dynamin oligomerizes into a helical polymer; second, dynamin oligomer constricts in the presence of GTP; and third, dynamin catalyzes membrane fission upon GTP hydrolysis. We present the two current models for fission, essentially diverging in how GTP energy is spent. We further discuss how future research might solve the remaining open questions presently under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonny
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Christopher Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Department of Crystallography, Max-Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Faelber
- Department of Crystallography, Max-Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marijn Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vadim A Frolov
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny E Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Lenz
- LPTMS, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Harry H Low
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Thomas D Pollard
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Swiss NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Yan L, Sun S, Wang W, Shi J, Hu X, Wang S, Su D, Rao Z, Hu J, Lou Z. Structures of the yeast dynamin-like GTPase Sey1p provide insight into homotypic ER fusion. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:961-72. [PMID: 26370501 PMCID: PMC4576867 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structures of the N-terminal cytosolic domain of Sey1p shed light on the mechanism of Sey1p-mediated ER membrane fusion. Homotypic membrane fusion of the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by dynamin-like guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which include atlastin (ATL) in metazoans and Sey1p in yeast. In this paper, we determined the crystal structures of the cytosolic domain of Sey1p derived from Candida albicans. The structures reveal a stalk-like, helical bundle domain following the GTPase, which represents a previously unidentified configuration of the dynamin superfamily. This domain is significantly longer than that of ATL and critical for fusion. Sey1p forms a side-by-side dimer in complex with GMP-PNP or GDP/AlF4− but is monomeric with GDP. Surprisingly, Sey1p could mediate fusion without GTP hydrolysis, even though fusion was much more efficient with GTP. Sey1p was able to replace ATL in mammalian cells, and the punctate localization of Sey1p was dependent on its GTPase activity. Despite the common function of fusogenic GTPases, our results reveal unique features of Sey1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084
| | - Sha Sun
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin, China 300071
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084 State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China 475004
| | - Juanming Shi
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin, China 300071
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin, China 300071
| | - Shiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China 475004
| | - Dan Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610041
| | - Zihe Rao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084 National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China 100101 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610041
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin, China 300071 National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 100084 Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 610041
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Klinglmayr E, Wenger J, Mayr S, Bossy-Wetzel E, Puehringer S. Purification, crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of human dynamin-related protein 1 GTPase-GED fusion protein. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1217-21. [PMID: 23027751 PMCID: PMC3497983 DOI: 10.1107/s174430911203607x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechano-enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 plays an important role in mitochondrial fission and is implicated in cell physiology. Dysregulation of Drp1 is associated with abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and neuronal damage. Drp1 shares structural and functional similarities with dynamin 1 with respect to domain organization, ability to self-assemble into spiral-like oligomers and GTP-cycle-dependent membrane scission. Structural studies of human dynamin-1 have greatly improved the understanding of this prototypical member of the dynamin superfamily. However, high-resolution structural information for full-length human Drp1 covering the GTPase domain, the middle domain and the GTPase effector domain (GED) is still lacking. In order to obtain mechanistic insights into the catalytic activity, a nucleotide-free GTPase-GED fusion protein of human Drp1 was expressed, purified and crystallized. Initial X-ray diffraction experiments yielded data to 2.67 Å resolution. The hexagonal-shaped crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 53.59, b = 151.65, c = 43.53 Å, one molecule per asymmetric unit and a solvent content of 42%. Expression of selenomethionine-labelled protein is currently in progress. Here, the expression, purification, crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of the Drp1 GTPase-GED fusion protein are presented, which form a basis for more detailed structural and biophysical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klinglmayr
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Wenger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Mayr
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ella Bossy-Wetzel
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Sandra Puehringer
- Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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