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Murtaza G, Khan M, Farooq S, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. New cocrystals of heterocyclic drugs: structural, antileishmanial, larvicidal and urease inhibition studies. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:237-248. [PMID: 37140892 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623003753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many heterocycles have been developed as drugs due to their capacity to interact productively with biological systems. The present study aimed to synthesize cocrystals of the heterocyclic antitubercular agent pyrazinamide (PYZ, 1, BCS III) and the commercially available anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ, 2, BCS class II) to study the effect of cocrystallization on the stability and biological activities of these drugs. Two new cocrystals, namely, pyrazinamide-homophthalic acid (1/1) (PYZ:HMA, 3) and carbamazepine-5-chlorosalicylic acid (1/1) (CBZ:5-SA, 4), were synthesized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction-based structure of carbamazepine-trans-cinnamic acid (1/1) (CBZ:TCA, 5) was also studied for the first time, along with the known cocrystal carbamazepine-nicotinamide (1/1) (CBZ:NA, 6). From a combination drug perspective, these are interesting pharmaceutical cocrystals to overcome the known side effects of PYZ (1) therapy, and the poor biopharmaceutical properties of CBZ (2). The purity and homogeneity of all the synthesized cocrystals were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis, followed by thermal stability studies based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed intermolecular interactions and the role of hydrogen bonding towards crystal stability were evaluated quantitatively via Hirshfeld surface analysis. The solubility of CBZ at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in 0.1 N HCl and H2O were compared with the values of cocrystal CBZ:5-SA (4). The solubility of CBZ:5-SA was found to be significantly improved at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in H2O. All the synthesized cocrystals 3-6 exhibited a potent urease inhibition (IC50 values range from 17.32 ± 0.89 to 12.3 ± 0.8 µM), several times more potent than standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 20.34 ± 0.43 µM). PYZ:HMA (3) also exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Among the synthesized cocrystals, PYZ:HMA (3) and CBZ:TCA (5) were found to possess antileishmanial activity against the miltefosine-induced resistant strain of Leishmania major, with IC50 values of 111.98 ± 0.99 and 111.90 ± 1.44 µM, respectively, in comparison with miltefosine (IC50 = 169.55 ± 0.20 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saba Farooq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Karthikeyan S, Grishina M, Kandasamy S, Mangaiyarkarasi R, Ramamoorthi A, Chinnathambi S, Pandian GN, John Kennedy L. A review on medicinally important heterocyclic compounds and importance of biophysical approach of underlying the insight mechanism in biological environment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14599-14619. [PMID: 36914255 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic derivatives have more interesting biological properties which hold a remarkable place in pharmaceutical industries due to their unique physiochemical properties and ease of adaption in various biological environments. Of many, the above-said derivatives have been recently examined for their promising action against a few malignancies. Specifically, anti-cancer research has benefited from these derivatives' natural flexibility and dynamic core scaffold. In any case, concerning some other promising anti-cancer drugs, heterocyclic derivative doesn't come without deficiencies. To be a successful drug candidate it should poses Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Eliminations (ADME) parameter, and must also have good binding interaction towards carrier protein as well as DNA and less in toxic nature, economically feasible. In this review, we described the overview of biologically important heterocyclic derivatives and their main application in medicine. Further, we focus types of biophysical techniques to understand the binding interaction mechanism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Karthikeyan
- Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Chennai, India
- Centre for Healthcare Advancement, Innovation and Research, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Chennai, India
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory of Computational Modelling of Drugs, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Anitha Ramamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Velammal Intitute of Technology, Velammal Knowledge Park, Panchetti, India
| | - Shanmugavel Chinnathambi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ganesh N Pandian
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L John Kennedy
- Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Chennai, India
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Luo Y, Wang K, Mu J, Cai Y, Zhu W. Exploring the adsorption behavior of pyrazinamide on the surface of X12Y12(X= B, Al; Y = N, P) nanocages: A in-silico study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Saravanan K, Sugarthi S, Suganya S, Kumaradhas P. Probing the intermolecular interactions, binding affinity, charge density distribution and dynamics of silibinin in dual targets AChE and BACE1: QTAIM and molecular dynamics perspective. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12880-12894. [PMID: 34637680 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1977699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the grievous neurodegenerative disorder. Reportedly, many enzymes are responsible for this disease, in which notably, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE1) are largely involved for AD. An experimental study reports that silibinin molecule inhibits both AChE and BACE1 enzymes. Present study aims to understand the dual binding mechanism of silibinin in the active site of AChE and BACE1 from the intermolecular interactions, conformational flexibility, charge density distribution, binding energy and the stability of molecule. To obtain the above information, the molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) and QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) calculations have been performed. The molecular docking reveals that silibinin molecule is forming strong and weak intermolecular interactions with the catalytic site of both enzymes. The QTAIM analysis for the binding pockets of both complexes shows the charge density distribution of intermolecular interactions. The electrostatic potential map displays the electronegative/positive regions at the interaction zone of silibinin with AChE and BACE1 complexes. The MD simulation confirms that the silibinin molecule is stable in the active site of AChE and BACE1 enzymes. The binding free energies of silibinin with both enzymes are more favorable to have the interactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Srinivasan Sugarthi
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, India
| | - Suresh Suganya
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Hoser AA, Rekis T, Madsen AØ. Dynamics and disorder: on the stability of pyrazinamide polymorphs. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:416-424. [PMID: 35695115 PMCID: PMC9254588 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enantiotropic relationship between the four polymorphs of pyrazinamide is analyzed by means of accurate X-ray diffraction measurements, normal-mode refinement and periodic DFT calculations. This article focuses on the structure and relative stability of four pyrazinamide polymorphs. New single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected for all forms at 10 K and 122 K are presented. By combining periodic abinitio DFT calculations with normal-mode refinement against X-ray diffraction data, both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy of all polymorphs are calculated. On the basis of the estimated free energies, the stability order of the polymorphs as a function of temperature and the corresponding solid state phase transition temperatures are anticipated. It can be concluded that the α and γ forms have higher vibrational entropy than that of the β and δ forms and therefore they are significantly more stabilized at higher temperatures. Due to the entropy which arises from the disorder in γ form, it overcomes form α and is the most stable form at temperatures above ∼500 K. Our findings are in qualitative agreement with the experimental calorimetry results.
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Anand A, Sindogi K, Dixit SR, Shetty RP, Pujar GV, Kulkarni MV, Guru Row TN. Comparative Investigation on the Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Antitubercular Assays, and Molecular Docking of Regioisomeric 1,2,3‐Triazoles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Anand
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka India
| | - Kishorkumar Sindogi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka India
| | - Sheshagiri R. Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru 570015, Karnataka India
| | - Richa P. Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru 570015, Karnataka India
| | - Gurubasavaraj V. Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru 570015, Karnataka India
| | - Manohar V. Kulkarni
- Department of Studies in Chemistry Karnatak University Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka India
| | - Tayur N. Guru Row
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka India
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Akram S, Mehmood A, Noureen S, Ahmed M. Thermal-induced transformation of glutamic acid to pyroglutamic acid and self-cocrystallization: a charge–density analysis. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2022; 78:72-80. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621013607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal-induced transformation of glutamic acid to pyroglutamic acid is well known. However, confusion remains over the exact temperature at which this happens. Moreover, no diffraction data are available to support the transition. In this article, we make a systematic investigation involving thermal analysis, hot-stage microscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction to study a one-pot thermal transition of glutamic acid to pyroglutamic acid and subsequent self-cocrystallization between the product (hydrated pyroglutamic acid) and the unreacted precursor (glutamic acid). The melt upon cooling gave a robust cocrystal, namely, glutamic acid–pyroglutamic acid–water (1/1/1), C5H7NO3·C5H9NO4·H2O, whose structure has been elucidated from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. A three-dimensional network of strong hydrogen bonds has been found. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to make a quantitative estimation of the intermolecular interactions. In order to gain insight into the strength and stability of the cocrystal, the transferability principle was utilized to make a topological analysis and to study the electron-density-derived properties. The transferred model has been found to be superior to the classical independent atom model (IAM). The experimental results have been compared with results from a multipolar refinement carried out using theoretical structure factors generated from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Very strong classical hydrogen bonds drive the cocrystallization and lend stability to the resulting cocrystal. Important conclusions have been drawn about this transition.
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Zhang J, Liang Z, Ji S, Wang X, Lan P. The thermal behavior of pyrazinamide in 12 solvents from 288.15 to 328.15 k. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Ganjoo A, Tripathi A, Chetti P. Structural assessment and identification of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 38:4928-4937. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1688193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Ganjoo
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Anuj Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
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Faroque MU, Mehmood A, Noureen S, Ahmed M. Crystal engineering and electrostatic properties of co-crystals of pyrimethamine with benzoic acid and gallic acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Li K, Gbabode G, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Vergé-Depré M, Robert B, Rietveld IB. The phase relationship between the pyrazinamide polymorphs α and γ. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rajendran ND, Mookan N, Samuel I, Mookan SB. Experimental validation of bifurcated hydrogen bond of 2,5-lutidinium bromanilate and its charge density distribution. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
2,5-Lutidinium bromanilate is a molecular complex that consists of bromanilic acid and 2,5-lutidine in which hydrogen-bonding interactions occur between them, producing a charge-assisted bifurcated N–H…O hydrogen bond. Bond characteristics are determined from the experimental charge density distribution of the molecular complex using the Hansen–Coppens model. The electron density, topological properties, electrostatic potential and atomic charges of the molecule have been investigated to better understand the atomic, molecular and electronic properties in a detailed manner. The electronic nature of the significantly important charge-assisted bifurcated hydrogen bond has been analyzed with the help of topological properties.
Graphic abstract
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Kalaiarasi C, George C, Gonnade RG, Hathwar VR, Poomani K. Experimental and theoretical charge density, intermolecular interactions and electrostatic properties of metronidazole. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:942-953. [PMID: 32830674 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619011272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole is a radiosensitizer; it crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c. The crystal structure of metronidazole has been determined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements at 90 K with a resolution of (sin θ/λ)max = 1.12 Å-1. To understand the charge-density distribution and the electrostatic properties of metronidazole, a multipole model refinement was carried out using the Hansen-Coppens multipole formalism. The topological analysis of the electron density of metronidazole was performed using Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules to determine the electron density and the Laplacian of the electron density at the bond critical point of the molecule. The experimental results have been compared with the corresponding periodic theoretical calculation performed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level using CRYSTAL09. The topological analysis reveals that the N-O and C-NO2 exhibit less electron density as well as negative Laplacian of electron density. The molecular packing of crystal is stabilized by weak and strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and H...H interactions. The topological analysis of O-H...N, C-H...O and H...H intra- and intermolecular interactions was also carried out. The electrostatic potential of metronidazole, calculated from the experiment, predicts the possible electrophilic and nucleophilic sites of the molecule; notably, the hydroxyl and the nitro groups exhibit large electronegative regions. The results have been compared with the corresponding theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Kalaiarasi
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
| | - Christy George
- Centre for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India
| | | | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, India
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Manjula S, Kumaradhas P. Evaluating the suitability of RNA intervention mechanism exerted by some flavonoid molecules against dengue virus MTase RNA capping site: a molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3533-3543. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1666744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Manjula
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Hasil A, Mehmood A, Ahmed M. Experimental and theoretical charge-density analysis of hippuric acid: insight into its binding with human serum albumin. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:750-762. [PMID: 32830731 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619007911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to comprehend the binding of an important metabolite, hippuric acid, with human serum albumin and to understand its chemical and electronic nature, an experimental charge-density analysis has been carried out using high-resolution diffraction data collected under cryogenic conditions, and all the results have been compared with theoretical findings using the B3LYP/6-311++g(2d,2p) level of theory. The structure displays very strong classical hydrogen bonds as well as other noncovalent interactions, which have been fully characterized using Hirshfeld surface analysis and Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Contact analysis on the Hirshfeld surfaces shows that the O...H, C...H and C...N intermolecular interactions are enriched and gives their relative strengths. Topological analysis of the electron density shows the charge concentration/depletion of hippuric acid bonds in the crystal structure. Electrostatic parameters such as atomic charges and dipole moments were calculated. The mapping of atomic basins and the calculation of respective charges show the atomic volumes of each atom as well as their charge contributions in the hippuric acid crystal structure. The dipole-moment calculations show that the molecule is very polar in nature. Calculations of the electrostatic potential show that the chain part of the molecule has a higher concentration of negative charge than the ring, which might be instrumental in its strong binding with the polar residues of site II of human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hasil
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus 63100, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus 63100, Pakistan
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Saravanan K, Hunday G, Kumaradhas P. Binding and stability of indirubin-3-monoxime in the GSK3β enzyme: a molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:957-974. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1591301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindasamy Hunday
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Topology of electron density and electrostatic potential of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine from high resolution X-ray diffraction and charge density analysis. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Manjula S, Sivanandam M, Kumaradhas P. Probing the "fingers" domain binding pocket of Hepatitis C virus NS5B RdRp and D559G resistance mutation via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2440-2456. [PMID: 30047829 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1491419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NS5B RdRp polymerase is a prominent enzyme for the replication of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). During the HCV replication, the template RNA binding takes place in the "fingers" sub-domain of NS5B. The "fingers" domain is a new emerging allosteric site for the HCV drug development. The inhibitors of the "fingers" sub-domain adopt a new antiviral mechanism called RNA intervention. The details of essential amino acid residues, binding mode of the ligand, and the active site intermolecular interactions of RNA intervention reflect that this mechanism is ambiguous in the experimental study. To elucidate these details, we performed molecular docking analysis of the fingers domain inhibitor quercetagetin (QGN) with NS5B polymerase. The detailed analysis of QGN-NS5B intermolecular interactions was carried out and found that QGN interacts with the binding pocket amino acid residues Ala97, Ala140, Ile160, Phe162, Gly283, Gly557, and Asp559; and also forms π⋯π stacking interaction with Phe162 and hydrogen bonding interaction with Gly283. These are found to be the essential interactions for the RNA intervention mechanism. Among the strong hydrogen bonding interactions, the QGN⋯Ala140 is a newly identified important hydrogen bonding interaction by the present work and this interaction was not resolved by the previously reported crystal structure. Since D559G mutation at the fingers domain was reported for reducing the inhibition percentage of QGN to sevenfold, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for wild and D559G mutated complexes to study the stability of protein conformation and intermolecular interactions. At the end of 50 ns MD simulation, the π⋯π stacking interaction of Phe162 with QGN found in the wild-type complex is altered into T-shaped π stacking interaction, which reduces the inhibition strength. The origin of the D559G resistance mutation was studied using combined MD simulation, binding free energy calculations and principal component analysis. The results were compared with the wild-type complex. The mutation D559G reduces the binding affinity of the QGN molecule to the fingers domain. The free energy decomposition analysis of each residue of wild-type and mutated complexes revealed that the loss of non-polar energy contribution is the origin of the resistance. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Manjula
- a Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | - Magudeeswaran Sivanandam
- a Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics , Periyar University , Salem , India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- a Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics , Periyar University , Salem , India
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Smets MM, Baaklini G, Tijink A, Sweers L, Vossen CHF, Brandel C, Meekes H, Cuppen HM, Coquerel G. Inhibition of the Vapor-Mediated Phase Transition of the High Temperature Form of Pyrazinamide. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:1109-1116. [PMID: 29445318 PMCID: PMC5806087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tailor-made additives can prove an effective method to prolong the lifetime of metastable forms of pharmaceutical compounds by surface stabilization. Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a pharmaceutical compound with four polymorphic forms. The high temperature γ form, which can be produced by spray drying or sublimation growth, is metastable at room temperature and transforms within days when produced by spray drying, and within several months up to years for single crystals produced by sublimation. However, when PZA is cospray dried with 1,3-dimethylurea (DMU), it has been reported to remain in its γ form for several years. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the phase transition from γ-PZA to the low temperature forms involves a vapor-mediated recrystallization, while the reverse phase transition upon heating is a nucleation-and-growth solid-solid phase transition. The lifetime-extending effect of DMU on spray-dried PZA has been investigated in more detail and compared with high-energy ball milling of sublimation-grown γ-PZA crystals. Co-ball milling of PZA and DMU is found to extend the lifetime of the high temperature form of PZA to a few months, while separate ball milling leads to an extension of merely a few weeks. DMU acts as an additive that most likely stabilizes the surface of γ-PZA, which would reduce the vapor pressure of PZA, thereby reducing the transition rate. Alternatively, DMU could prevent nucleation of low temperature forms of PZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M.
H. Smets
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Baaklini
- Normandie Université,
Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Université de Rouen, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - A. Tijink
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Sweers
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. H. F. Vossen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Brandel
- Normandie Université,
Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Université de Rouen, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - H. Meekes
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. M. Cuppen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Coquerel
- Normandie Université,
Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Université de Rouen, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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22
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Spackman MA. Towards the use of experimental electron densities to estimate reliable lattice energies. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lattice energies derived from experimental charge densities are critically assessed, with a view to encouraging further research of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Spackman
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
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23
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Tikhonov DS, Vishnevskiy YV, Rykov AN, Grikina OE, Khaikin LS. Semi-experimental equilibrium structure of pyrazinamide from gas-phase electron diffraction. How much experimental is it? J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Kalaiarasi C, Pavan MS, Kumaradhas P. Topological characterization of electron density, electrostatic potential and intermolecular interactions of 2-nitroimidazole: an experimental and theoretical study. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2016; 72:775-786. [PMID: 27698320 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520616010581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An experimental charge density distribution of 2-nitroimidazole was determined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction and the Hansen-Coppens multipole model. The 2-nitroimidazole compound was crystallized and a high-angle X-ray diffraction intensity data set has been collected at low temperature (110 K). The structure was solved and further, an aspherical multipole model refinement was performed up to octapole level; the results were used to determine the structure, bond topological and electrostatic properties of the molecule. In the crystal, the molecule exhibits a planar structure and forms weak and strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions with the neighbouring molecules. The Hirshfeld surface of the molecule was plotted, which explores different types of intermolecular interactions and their strength. The topological analysis of electron density at the bond critical points (b.c.p.) of the molecule was performed, from that the electron density ρbcp(r) and the Laplacian of electron density ∇2ρbcp(r) at the b.c.p.s of the molecule have been determined; these parameters show the charge concentration/depletion of the nitroimidazole bonds in the crystal. The electrostatic parameters like atomic charges and the dipole moment of the molecule were calculated. The electrostatic potential surface of the molecule has been plotted, and it displays a large electronegative region around the nitro group. All the experimental results were compared with the corresponding theoretical calculations performed using CRYSTAL09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Kalaiarasi
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India
| | - Mysore S Pavan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Poomani Kumaradhas
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, India
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25
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Dittrich B, Matta CF. Contributions of charge-density research to medicinal chemistry. IUCRJ 2014; 1:457-69. [PMID: 25485126 PMCID: PMC4224464 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514018867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews efforts in accurate experimental charge-density studies with relevance to medicinal chemistry. Initially, classical charge-density studies that measure electron density distribution via least-squares refinement of aspherical-atom population parameters are summarized. Next, interaction density is discussed as an idealized situation resembling drug-receptor interactions. Scattering-factor databases play an increasing role in charge-density research, and they can be applied both to small-molecule and macromolecular structures in refinement and analysis; software development facilitates their use. Therefore combining both of these complementary branches of X-ray crystallography is recommended, and examples are given where such a combination already proved useful. On the side of the experiment, new pixel detectors are allowing rapid measurements, thereby enabling both high-throughput small-molecule studies and macromolecular structure determination to higher resolutions. Currently, the most ambitious studies compute intermolecular interaction energies of drug-receptor complexes, and it is recommended that future studies benefit from recent method developments. Selected new developments in theoretical charge-density studies are discussed with emphasis on its symbiotic relation to crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Dittrich
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chérif F. Matta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M 2J6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4J3M, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
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