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O’Malley C, McArdle P, Erxleben A. Formation of Salts and Molecular Ionic Cocrystals of Fluoroquinolones and α,ω-Dicarboxylic Acids. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3060-3071. [PMID: 35529070 PMCID: PMC9073931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cocrystallization of the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin (cip), norfloxacin (nor), and enrofloxacin (enro) with the α,ω-dicarboxylic acids glutaric acid (glu), adipic acid (adi), pimelic acid (pim), suberic acid (sub), azeliac acid (az), and sebacic acid (seb) resulted in 27 new molecular salts and ternary molecular ionic cocrystals of compositions A+B-, A2 +B2-, A2 +B2-B, and A+B-A. Depending on the solvent, different stoichiomorphs, solvates, or polymorphs were obtained. All salts and cocrystals contain the robust R2NH2 +...-OOC or R3NH+...-OOC synthon but have different supramolecular ring motifs. Moderate solubility enhancements over the parent fluoroquinolones were observed. Salts in the ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 were also prepared by ball-milling. The milled sample nor/az (1:1) was shown to gel the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) solvent propylene glycol, and enro/sub (1:1) was shown to gel both propylene glycol and water. Dynamic rheology measurements confirmed that nor/az and enro/sub behave like viscoelastic materials and supramolecular gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O’Malley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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2
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Liu L, Liu M, Zhang Y, Sun W, Li J, Feng Y, Geng Y, Cheng G, Gong Y, Guo Y, Wu L, Wang C, Liu Y. Improving Solubility and Avoiding Hygroscopicity of Gatifloxacin by Forming Pharmaceutical Salt of Gatifloxacin‐2,3‐Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Based on Charge‐Assisted Hydrogen Bonds. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Moqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Weitong Sun
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Jinjing Li
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yanru Feng
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yiding Geng
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | | | - Yixia Gong
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Chaoxing Wang
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yingli Liu
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
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Jurczak E, Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Pisklak DM, Zielińska-Pisklak M. Pharmaceutical Hydrates Analysis-Overview of Methods and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100959. [PMID: 33050621 PMCID: PMC7601571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses a set of instrumental and computational methods that are used to characterize hydrated forms of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The focus has been put on highlighting advantages as well as on presenting some limitations of the selected analytical approaches. This has been performed in order to facilitate the choice of an appropriate method depending on the type of the structural feature that is to be analyzed, that is, degree of hydration, crystal structure and dynamics, and (de)hydration kinetics. The presented techniques include X-ray diffraction (single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), spectroscopic (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), gravimetric (dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)), and computational (molecular mechanics (MM), Quantum Mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD)) methods. Further, the successful applications of the presented methods in the studies of hydrated APIs as well as studies on the excipients' influence on these processes have been described in many examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jurczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Golovnev NN, Molokeev MS, Sterkhova IV, Lesnikov MK. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NORFLOXACINIUM AND 2,2′-BIPYRIDYL-1′-IUM 2-THIOBARBITURATES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Enrofloxacin is a poorly soluble antibacterial drug of the fluoroquinolones class used in veterinary medicine. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the structural and pharmaceutical properties of new enrofloxacin salts. Enrofloxacin anhydrate and its organic salts with tartaric acid, nicotinic acid and suberic acid formed as pure crystalline anhydrous solids. All the crystals were grown from a mixed solution by slow evaporation at room temperature. These products were then characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Further, X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis was used to study the crystal structure. The intermolecular interactions and packing arrangements in the crystal structures were studied, and the solubility of these salts in water was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results show that the new salts of enrofloxacin developed in this study exhibited excellent water solubility.
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Liu L, Zou D, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Cheng G, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wu L, Chang L, Su X, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Liu M. Pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of enoxacin with dicarboxylic acids: Enhancing in vitro antibacterial activity of enoxacin by improving the solubility and permeability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:62-73. [PMID: 32645384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Base on improving the solubility and permeability of enoxacin (EX) to enhance the antibacterial activity in vitro, three new pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX with oxalic acid (EX·0.5(C2H2O4)·2(H2O)), malonic acid ((HEX)·C3H3O4) and fumaric acid ((HEX)·C4H3O4) have been designed, synthesized and characterized. Comprehensive analysis structure and Hirshfeld surface reveal that the hydrogen bonds/CAHBs formed by the N atom in the piperazine ring from EX molecule with the carboxylic acid group in the coformer could form a stable crystal structure. It is universally acknowledged that improving the solubility of the EX (BCS class II) to make it a BCS class I drug would obtain a Bioequivalence of immunity to the drug trial. The solubilities of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX with dicarboxylic acids are consistent with expectation that they are dramatically improved in pure water than pure enoxacin, and the solubility order of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX is consistent with coformers solubility. The permeabilities of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX are improved compared with the pure enoxacin, and the variation tendency is consistent with the solubilities of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX. In addition, the antibacterial activities in vitro of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX are improved compared with the corresponding parent compound (EX), which change the order is consistent with the solubility and permeability. Simultaneously, the hygroscopic stabilities of three pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals are surpassing pure EX, and the hygroscopic stability of molecular cocrystal EX-OXA is better than ionic cocrystal EX-MLO and EX-FUM. This implies that preparation of the pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals of EX with oxalic acid, malonic acid and fumaric acid could not only enhance the antibacterial activity of EX, which base on improving the solubility and permeability of EX, but also improve the hygroscopic stability of EX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Dongyu Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yingxue Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Guangdong Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Chaoxing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yunjie Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Lili Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Liang Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Moqi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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Tetrahydroberberine pharmaceutical salts/cocrystals with dicarboxylic acids: Charge-assisted hydrogen bond recognitions and solubility regulation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Surov AO, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Churakov AV, Roussel P, Perlovich GL. Diversity of crystal structures and physicochemical properties of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin salts with fumaric acid. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin – antibacterial fluoroquinolone compounds – with fumaric acid resulted in the isolation of six distinct solid forms of the drugs with different stoichiometries and hydration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem O. Surov
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Alexander P. Voronin
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Drozd
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | | | - Pascal Roussel
- UCCS UMR 8181 University des Sciences et Technologies de Lille-1
- Lille
- France
| | - German L. Perlovich
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS
- Ivanovo
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry
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Som B, Shue JR, Smith MD, Shimizu LS. Temperature-induced pseudopolymorphism of molecular salts from a pyridyl bis-urea macrocycle and naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:75-81. [PMID: 29303500 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617017600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular salts, often observed as cocrystals, play an important role in the fields of pharmaceutics and materials science, where salt formation is used to tune the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and improve the stability of solid-state materials. Salt formation via a proton-transfer reaction typically alters hydrogen-bonding motifs and influences supramolecular assembly patterns. We report here the molecular salts formed by the pyridyl bis-urea macrocycle 3,5,13,15,21,22-hexaazatricyclo[15.3.1.17,11]docosa-1(21),7(22),8,10,17,19-hexaene-4,14-dione, (1), and naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (H2NDS) as two salt cocrystal solvates, namely 4,14-dioxo-3,5,13,15,21,22-hexaazatricyclo[15.3.1.17,11]docosa-1(21),7(22),8,10,17,19-hexaene-21,22-diium naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate, C16H20N6O22+·C10H6O6S22-·2C2H6OS, (2), and the corresponding monosolvate, C16H20N6O22+·C10H6O6S22-·C2H6OS, (3). This follows the ΔpKa rule such that there is a proton transfer from H2NDS to (1), forming the reported molecular salts through hydrogen bonding. Prior to salt formation, (1) is relatively planar and assembles into columnar structures. The salt cocrystal solvates were obtained upon slow cooling of dimethyl sulfoxide-acetonitrile solutions of the molecular components from two temperatures (363 and 393 K). The proton transfer to (1) significantly alters the conformation of the macrocycle, changing the formerly planar macrocycle into a step-shaped conformation with trans-cis urea groups in (2) or into a bowl-shape conformation with trans-trans urea groups in (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozumeh Som
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jessica R Shue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Xu K, Zheng S, Guo L, Li S, Wang L, Tang P, Yan J, Wu D, Li H. Four solid forms of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and solid-state transformations: effects of temperature and milling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TUDCA solid forms were characterized. Temperature-triggered and mechanical activated solid-state transformation, as environmental-friendly methods, were successfully used for getting new solid forms and studying solid-state transformations procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shoujun Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Liuqi Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Peixiao Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jin Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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