Synthesis and crystal structures of a 3-acetylated (20S,24S)-ocotillol-type saponin and its C-24 epimer

Crystal structure of (8R,10R,14R, Z)-2-((3–Fluoropyridin-4-yl) methylene)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-((R)-2,6, 6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) hexadecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a] phenanthren-3-one, C36H52FNO3

C36H52FNO3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.8016(7) Å, b = 13.1609(10) Å, c = 30.536(2) Å, V = 3135.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0657, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1435, T = 100 K.

The crystal structure of (3S,12R,20R,24R)-3,12-diacetyl-20,24-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25–triol–ethyl acetate (4/1), C34H56O6⋅ 0.25(C4H8O2)

C34H56O6⋅0.25(C4H8O2), orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.17152(14) Å, b = 17.6728(3) Å, c = 23.1916(5) Å, V = 3349.18(11) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0416, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1143, T = 293 K.

The crystal structure of (5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R)-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-((R)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6(2H)-dione, C30H48O4

C30H48O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 12.34133(14) Å, b = 16.50759(15) Å, c = 26.8804(2) Å, V = 5476.23(9) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0422, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0990, T = 293 K.

The crystal structure of (8R,10R,12R,14R)- 12-hydroxy-16-(5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)- 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyltetradecahydro-3H- cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6(2H)-dione, C30H48O5

C30H48O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.6608(10) Å, b = 14.8098(15) Å, c = 15.9975(16) Å, V = 2762.7(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0586, wRref (F 2) = 0.1580, T = 293(2) K.

Recent Advances in the Semisynthesis, Modifications and Biological Activities of Ocotillol-Type Triterpenoids

Ginseng is one of the most widely consumed herbs in the world and plays an important role in counteracting fatigue and alleviating stress. The main active substances of ginseng are its ginsenosides. Ocotillol-type triterpenoid is a remarkably effective ginsenoside from Vietnamese ginseng that has received attention because of its potential antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. The semisynthesis, modification and biological activities of ocotillol-type compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarize semisynthesis, modification and pharmacological activities of ocotillol-type compounds. The structure-activity relationship studies of these compounds were reported. This summary should prove useful information for drug exploration of ocotillol-type derivatives.

The Advances on the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on Myocardial Ischemia and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Ginseng is a traditional medicine with a complex chemical composition, wide bioactivity and unique pharmacological action. Many studies have confirmed that ginsenosides are the active ingredients of ginseng, and ginsenosides have always been the focus of different researchers. With the development of modern separation and analysis technology, more than 150 kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated. The ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rg1 and Re account for more than 80% of total ginsenosides, and other saponins, such as Rd, Rg3 and Rh2, which are minor constituents, accounting for only a small portion of the total amount. In recent years, ginsenosides have been found to possess strong pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation, clearing of oxygen free radicals, reducing calcium overload and anti-apoptosis. Ginsenosides play a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. This paper reviews the protective effects of ginsenosides on myocardial ischemia and ischemiareperfusion injury.

Crystal structure of (20R)-20,25-epoxy-dammaran-3,12-dione, C30H48O3

C30H48O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.8710(16) Å, b = 13.800(28) Å, c = 24.561(49) Å, V = 2667.9(9) Å3, Z = 4. Rgt(F) = 0.0488, wRref(F2) = 0.1264, T = 293(2) K.