Synthesis, crystal structure and biological properties of a cis-dichloridobis(diimine)copper(II) complex

Development and characterization of a cell line from the caudal fin of Schizothorax niger (Heckel, 1838) for in vitro toxicity testing

Here, we successfully grew the SNCF (Schizothorax niger caudal fin) cell line from the caudal fin explants of S. niger, an important cold-water fish of the Himalayas. The cells were successfully grown up to 22 passages by planting explant tissues in DMEM medium supplemented with FBS. We observed optimal cell growth at a concentration of 18% FBS. We observed the steady generation of cells from explants from days 2 to 5 of seeding, and obtained a complete monolayer at days 7-10. We tested various temperatures, including 10 °C, 13 °C, 16 °C, 19 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C, and 28 °C, and found that 22 °C was the optimal temperature for cell growth. We examined the response to various doses of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ng/mL) on cell colony growth at an optimal temperature of 22 °C. We characterized the cell line using karyotyping at the 14th and 20th passages. The cell line showed epithelial cell-like growth by morphology, which was confirmed by immunotyping. We further used the cell line to study the impact of three pesticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and endosulfan), and a fungicide (mancozeb) and bacterial extracellular product (ECP). The DAPI stain assay and MTT assay confirmed the pesticides toxic effects on the cells, revealing disintegration of the cell nuclei by the formation of micronuclei and LC50 concentrations. ECP treatment showed disruption of the monolayer within 0-36 hrs.

Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of novel 1,2,4-triazole-isatin derivatives as potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase inhibitors

The issue of emerging resistance to antitubercular drugs has created a formidable barrier in the effective prevention and cure of tuberculosis globally. In an effort to search for new antimycobacterial agents, possibly comprising new pharmacophore, novel triazole-isatin derivatives were designed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase inhibitors and synthesized by microwave-assisted method. The synthesized molecules were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity by MABA assay against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The molecule 5h demonstrated MIC of 0.8 μg/ml and good safety profile with higher selectivity index with HEK293 cell line. The antimycobacterial activity was further substantiated with molecular docking studies. The triazole-isatin derivatives showed significant binding interactions with amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme. These studies revealed that molecule 5h could act as a potential lead molecule for further studies to find new target-directed molecules.

N, Kumara K, Lokanath NK, Butcher RJ, Kumbar V, Bhat K. Copper(i) complexes with quinolone appended 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates: structural characterization, DNA and protein binding and cytotoxicity studies

Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of copper(i) complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates have been investigated.

Synthesis, structural characterization, protein binding, DNA cleavage and anticancer activity of fluorophore labelled copper(ii) complexes based on 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates

The synthesized copper complexes have good anticancer activity and induce an apoptotic mode of cell death.

Discovery of novel N-substituted thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as HDAC8 inhibitors: in-silico studies, synthesis, and biological evaluation

Epigenetics plays a fundamental role in cancer progression, and developing agents that regulate epigenetics is crucial for cancer management. Among Class I and Class II HDACs, HDAC8 is one of the essential epigenetic players in cancer progression. Therefore, we designed, synthesized, purified, and structurally characterized novel compounds containing N-substituted TZD (P1-P25). Cell viability assay of all compounds on leukemic cell lines (CEM, K562, and KCL22) showed the cytotoxic potential of P8, P9, P10, P12, P19, and P25. In-vitro screening of different HDACs isoforms revealed that P19 was the most potent and selective inhibitor for HDAC8 (IC50 - 9.3 μM). Thermal shift analysis (TSA) confirmed the binding of P19 to HDAC8. In-vitro screening of all compounds on the transport activity of GLUT1, GLUT4, and GLUT5 indicated that P19 inhibited GLUT1 (IC50 - 28.2 μM). P10 and P19 induced apoptotic cell death in CEM cells (55.19% and 60.97% respectively) and P19 was less cytotoxic on normal WBCs (CC50 - 104.2 μM) and human fibroblasts (HS27) (CC50 - 105.0 μM). Thus, among this novel series of TZD derivatives, compound P19 was most promising HDAC8 inhibitor and cytotoxic on leukemic cells. Thus, P19 could serve as a lead for further development of optimized molecules with enhanced selectivity and potency.

Quinoline-3-carboxylate Derivatives: A New Hope as an Antiproliferative Agent

BACKGROUND

The quinoline scaffold has been an attraction due to its pharmacological activities such as anti-HIV, anti-neoplastic, anti-asthmatic, anti-tuberculotic, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial.

OBJECTIVE

The designed quinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized through a two-step reaction and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

METHODS

Synthesized compounds were characterized by modern analytical techniques like NMR, 2DNMR, mass, and IR. Moreover, the purity of compounds was analyzed through the HPLC. In the progress of biological results, all synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and K562 cell lines.

RESULTS

The synthesized compounds exhibited micromolar inhibition in all over the ranges, however, some of the compounds showed better activity than the standard anticancer drug such, as 4m and 4n with the IC50 value of 0.33μM against the MCF-7 cell line, and the compounds 4k and 4m showed potential activity against the K562 cell line with the IC50 value of 0.28μM. The anti-cancer activities of compounds were found to be through the up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathways.

CONCLUSION

The biological data of all compounds in both cell lines were utilized for the structural activity relationship of the quinoline-3-carboxylate pharmacophore. The active lead was further validated through rigorous in silico studies for the drug-likeness (QED) and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties. Here in the present research is utilized for the demonstration of an important pharmacophore, which could be utilized for further development to become a lead as an anticancer agent with minimal toxicity.

Factorial design based curcumin ethosomal nanocarriers for the skin cancer delivery: in vitro evaluation

Melanoma is the most deadly and life-threatening form of skin cancer with progressively higher rates of incidence worldwide. The objective of the present investigation is to develop and to statistically optimize and characterize curcumin (CUR) loaded ethosomes for treatment of melanoma. A two factor, three level (3²) factorial design approach was employed for the optimization of ethosomes. The prepared ethosomes were evaluated for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro skin permeation and deposition ability. The optimized ethosomal formulation was evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies using A375 human melanoma cells. The optimized formulation has imperfect round shaped unilamellar structures with a mean vesicle size of 247 ± 5.25 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.24 ± 0.20%. The in vitro skin permeation studies proved the superiority of ethosomes over the traditional liposomes in terms of the amount of drug permeated and deposited in skin layers. Fluorescence microscopy showed the enhanced penetration of ethosomes into the deeper layers of the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies revealed that curcumin ethosomes have significantly improved cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in A375 human melanoma cell lines. The colony formation assay results showed that curcumin ethosomes have a superior antiproliferative effect as they effectively inhibit the clonogenic ability of A375 cells. The flow cytometry results indicate that curcumin ethosomes induce cell death in A375 cells by apoptosis mechanism. The present study provides a strong rationale and motivation for further investigation of newly developed curcumin ethosomes as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.

In search of bioinspired hydrogels from amphiphilic peptides: a template for nanoparticle stabilization for the sustained release of anticancer drugs

This report presents the efficiency of palmitic acid-based proteolytically stable, biocompatible hydrogelators for the sustained release of anticancer drugs.

Structural modification of zolpidem led to potent antimicrobial activity in imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazoles

New imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazoles (IPTs) designed by specific structural modifications of zolpidem exhibited superior antitubercular activity than the parent compound.