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Abstract
The β common chain (βc) cytokine family includes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and IL-5, all of which use βc as key signaling receptor subunit. GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 have specific roles as hematopoietic growth factors. IL-3 binds with high affinity to the IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα/CD123) and then associates with the βc subunit. IL-3 is mainly synthesized by different subsets of T cells, but is also produced by several other immune [basophils, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, etc.] and non-immune cells (microglia and astrocytes). The IL-3Rα is also expressed by immune (basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, DCs, monocytes, and megacaryocytes) and non-immune cells (endothelial cells and neuronal cells). IL-3 is the most important growth and activating factor for human and mouse basophils, primary effector cells of allergic disorders. IL-3-activated basophils and mast cells are also involved in different chronic inflammatory disorders, infections, and several types of cancer. IL-3 induces the release of cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-13, CXCL8) from human basophils and preincubation of basophils with IL-3 potentiates the release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from IgE- and C5a-activated basophils. IL-3 synergistically potentiates IL-33-induced mediator release from human basophils. IL-3 plays a pathogenic role in several hematologic cancers and may contribute to autoimmune and cardiac disorders. Several IL-3Rα/CD123 targeting molecules have shown some efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Tahk S, Vick B, Hiller B, Schmitt S, Marcinek A, Perini ED, Leutbecher A, Augsberger C, Reischer A, Tast B, Humpe A, Jeremias I, Subklewe M, Fenn NC, Hopfner KP. SIRPα-αCD123 fusion antibodies targeting CD123 in conjunction with CD47 blockade enhance the clearance of AML-initiating cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:155. [PMID: 34579739 PMCID: PMC8477557 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) stem cells (LSCs) cause disease relapse. The CD47 “don’t eat me signal” is upregulated on LSCs and contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting phagocytosis through interacting with myeloid-specific signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). Activation of macrophages by blocking CD47 has been successful, but the ubiquitous expression of CD47 on healthy cells poses potential limitations for such therapies. In contrast, CD123 is a well-known LSC-specific surface marker utilized as a therapeutic target. Here, we report the development of SIRPα-αCD123 fusion antibodies that localize the disruption of CD47/SIRPα signalling to AML while specifically enhancing LSC clearance. Methods SIRPα-αCD123 antibodies were generated by fusing the extracellular domain of SIRPα to an αCD123 antibody. The binding properties of the antibodies were analysed by flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance. The functional characteristics of the fusion antibodies were determined by antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays using primary AML patient cells. Finally, an in vivo engraftment assay was utilized to assess LSC targeting. Results SIRPα-αCD123 fusion antibodies exhibited increased binding and preferential targeting of CD123+ CD47+ AML cells even in the presence of CD47+ healthy cells. Furthermore, SIRPα-αCD123 fusion antibodies confined disruption of the CD47-SIRPα axis locally to AML cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SIRPα-αCD123 antibodies greatly enhanced AML cell phagocytosis mediated by allogeneic and autologous macrophages. Moreover, SIRPα-αCD123 fusion antibodies efficiently targeted LSCs with in vivo engraftment potential. Conclusions SIRPα-αCD123 antibodies combine local CD47 blockade with specific LSC targeting in a single molecule, minimize the risk of targeting healthy cells and efficiently eliminate AML LSCs. These results validate SIRPα-αCD123 antibodies as promising therapeutic interventions for AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-021-01163-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siret Tahk
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Hiller
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia Schmitt
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anetta Marcinek
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico D Perini
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Leutbecher
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Augsberger
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Reischer
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Tast
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cellular Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja C Fenn
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Dougan M, Dranoff G, Dougan SK. GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 Family of Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 50:796-811. [PMID: 30995500 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The β common chain cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 regulate varied inflammatory responses that promote the rapid clearance of pathogens but also contribute to pathology in chronic inflammation. Therapeutic interventions manipulating these cytokines are approved for use in some cancers as well as allergic and autoimmune disease, and others show promising early clinical activity. These approaches are based on our understanding of the inflammatory roles of these cytokines; however, GM-CSF also participates in the resolution of inflammation, and IL-3 and IL-5 may also have such properties. Here, we review the functions of the β common cytokines in health and disease. We discuss preclinical and clinical data, highlighting the potential inherent in targeting these cytokine pathways, the limitations, and the important gaps in understanding of the basic biology of this cytokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang M, Wu H, Duan M, Yang Y, Wang G, Che F, Liu B, He W, Li Q, Zhang L. SS30, a novel thioaptamer targeting CD123, inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Life Sci 2019; 232:116663. [PMID: 31323275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS CD123 represents an important acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapeutic target. CD123 aptamers may potentially serve as tumor-homing ligands with excellent affinity and specificity for AML targeted therapy, but their complexity, laborious preparation and nuclease digestion limited pharmacological application. The aim of this study was to develop the first CD123 thioaptamer to overcome these obstacles. MAIN METHODS Flow cytometry was utilized to assess the binding specificity, affinity and anti-nuclease ability of thioaptamer. CCK8, Annexin-V/DAPI, and colony forming assays were used to evaluate the anti-cancer ability of thioaptamer in vitro. The tumor volume, weights, survival rate, H&E staining of organs, and serum level of organ damage biomarkers of animal model were applied to investigate the anti-cancer ability of thioaptamer in vivo. Furthermore, we explored the binding mechanism between thioaptamer and CD123. KEY FINDINGS CD123 thioaptamer SS30 was able to bind to CD123 structure with high specificity in complex nuclease environment, the dissociation constant of 39.1 nM for CD123 peptide and 287.6 nM for CD123+ AML cells, while exhibiting minimal cross-reactivity to albumin. Furthermore, SS30 inhibited the proliferation and survival of AML cell lines and human AML blasts selectively in vitro (P < 0.01). In addition, SS30 prolonged the survival and inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft tumor model in vivo. Of note, SS30 blocked the interaction between IL-3 and CD123, and decreased expression of p-STAT5 and p-AKT. SIGNIFICANCE The proliferation inhibition and nuclease resistance ability of SS30 made it as a more promising functional molecule for AML targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, No. 946 Hospital of the PLA, YiNing, XinJiang 0086-835000, PR China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Mingyue Duan
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Fengyu Che
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xi'an Children's Hospital, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China
| | - Qiao Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China.
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 0086-710061, PR China.
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A dual role for the N-terminal domain of the IL-3 receptor in cell signalling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:386. [PMID: 29374162 PMCID: PMC5785977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor is a cell-surface heterodimer that links the haemopoietic, vascular and immune systems and is overexpressed in acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia progenitor cells. It belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family in which the α-subunits consist of two fibronectin III-like domains that bind cytokine, and a third, evolutionarily unrelated and topologically conserved, N-terminal domain (NTD) with unknown function. Here we show by crystallography that, while the NTD of IL3Rα is highly mobile in the presence of IL-3, it becomes surprisingly rigid in the presence of IL-3 K116W. Mutagenesis, biochemical and functional studies show that the NTD of IL3Rα regulates IL-3 binding and signalling and reveal an unexpected role in preventing spontaneous receptor dimerisation. Our work identifies a dual role for the NTD in this cytokine receptor family, protecting against inappropriate signalling and dynamically regulating cytokine receptor binding and function. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of interleukin-3 receptor α-subunit (IL3Rα) is involved in IL-3 recognition but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors present crystal structures of the IL3Rα complex and provide biochemical evidence that the NTD regulates IL-3 binding and signalling complex assembly.
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Wu H, Wang M, Dai B, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li Q, Duan M, Zhang X, Wang X, Li A, Zhang L. Novel CD123-aptamer-originated targeted drug trains for selectively delivering cytotoxic agent to tumor cells in acute myeloid leukemia theranostics. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1216-1229. [PMID: 28845698 PMCID: PMC8241133 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since conventional chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has its limitations, a theranostic platform with targeted and efficient drug transport is in demand. In this study, we developed the first CD123 (AML tumor marker) aptamers and designed a novel CD123-aptamer-mediated targeted drug train (TDT) with effective, economical, biocompatible and high drug-loading capacity. These two CD123 aptamers (termed as ZW25 and CY30, respectively) can bind to a CD123 peptide epitope and CD123 + AML cells with high specificities and KD of 29.41 nM and 15.38 nM, respectively, while has minimal cross reactivities to albumin, IgG and trypsin. Further, TDT is self-assembled from two short primers by ligand-modified ZW25 that acted as initiation position for elongation, while intercalated by doxorubicin (Dox). TDT is capable of transporting high capacity of Dox to CD123 + cells and retains the efficacy of Dox, while significantly reducing drug uptake and eased toxicity to CD123- cells in vitro (p < .01). Moreover, TDT can ease Dox cytoxicity to normal tissues, prolong survivals and inhibit tumor growth of mouse xenograft tumor model in vivo. These suggest that CD123 aptamer and CD123 aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery system may have potential applications for selective delivery cytotoxic agents to CD123-expressing tumors in AML theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wu
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The No.11 Hospital of PLA, YiNing, XinJiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Dai
- Shaanxi Center for Stem Cell Application Engineering Research, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Duan
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anmao Li
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Broughton SE, Hercus TR, Hardy MP, McClure BJ, Nero TL, Dottore M, Huynh H, Braley H, Barry EF, Kan WL, Dhagat U, Scotney P, Hartman D, Busfield SJ, Owczarek CM, Nash AD, Wilson NJ, Parker MW, Lopez AF. Dual mechanism of interleukin-3 receptor blockade by an anti-cancer antibody. Cell Rep 2014; 8:410-9. [PMID: 25043189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is an activated T cell product that bridges innate and adaptive immunity and contributes to several immunopathologies. Here, we report the crystal structure of the IL-3 receptor α chain (IL3Rα) in complex with the anti-leukemia antibody CSL362 that reveals the N-terminal domain (NTD), a domain also present in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-5, and IL-13 receptors, adopting unique "open" and classical "closed" conformations. Although extensive mutational analyses of the NTD epitope of CSL362 show minor overlap with the IL-3 binding site, CSL362 only inhibits IL-3 binding to the closed conformation, indicating alternative mechanisms for blocking IL-3 signaling. Significantly, whereas "open-like" IL3Rα mutants can simultaneously bind IL-3 and CSL362, CSL362 still prevents the assembly of a higher-order IL-3 receptor-signaling complex. The discovery of open forms of cytokine receptors provides the framework for development of potent antibodies that can achieve a "double hit" cytokine receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Broughton
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Timothy R Hercus
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | | | - Barbara J McClure
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tracy L Nero
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mara Dottore
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Huy Huynh
- CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hal Braley
- CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Emma F Barry
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Winnie L Kan
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Urmi Dhagat
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael W Parker
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Angel F Lopez
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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