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Valdehuesa KNG, Ramos KRM, Nisola GM, Bañares AB, Cabulong RB, Lee WK, Liu H, Chung WJ. Everyone loves an underdog: metabolic engineering of the xylose oxidative pathway in recombinant microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7703-7716. [PMID: 30003296 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The D-xylose oxidative pathway (XOP) has recently been employed in several recombinant microorganisms for growth or for the production of several valuable compounds. The XOP is initiated by D-xylose oxidation to D-xylonolactone, which is then hydrolyzed into D-xylonic acid. D-Xylonic acid is then dehydrated to form 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-xylonic acid, which may be further dehydrated then oxidized into α-ketoglutarate or undergo aldol cleavage to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde. This review introduces a brief discussion about XOP and its discovery in bacteria and archaea, such as Caulobacter crescentus and Haloferax volcanii. Furthermore, the current advances in the metabolic engineering of recombinant strains employing the XOP are discussed. This includes utilization of XOP for the production of diols, triols, and short-chain organic acids in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Improving the D-xylose uptake, growth yields, and product titer through several metabolic engineering techniques bring some of these recombinant strains close to industrial viability. However, more developments are still needed to optimize the XOP pathway in the host strains, particularly in the minimization of by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Niño G Valdehuesa
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristine Rose M Ramos
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace M Nisola
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Angelo B Bañares
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhudith B Cabulong
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Department of Energy Science and Technology (DEST), Energy and Environment Fusion Technology Center (E2FTC), Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17058, Republic of Korea.
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Rahman MM, Andberg M, Koivula A, Rouvinen J, Hakulinen N. The crystal structure of D-xylonate dehydratase reveals functional features of enzymes from the Ilv/ED dehydratase family. Sci Rep 2018; 8:865. [PMID: 29339766 PMCID: PMC5770437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ilv/ED dehydratase protein family includes dihydroxy acid-, gluconate-, 6-phosphogluconate- and pentonate dehydratases. The members of this family are involved in various biosynthetic and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Here, we describe the first crystal structure of D-xylonate dehydratase from Caulobacter crescentus (CcXyDHT) at 2.7 Å resolution and compare it with other available enzyme structures from the IlvD/EDD protein family. The quaternary structure of CcXyDHT is a tetramer, and each monomer is composed of two domains in which the N-terminal domain forms a binding site for a [2Fe-2S] cluster and a Mg2+ ion. The active site is located at the monomer-monomer interface and contains residues from both the N-terminal recognition helix and the C-terminus of the dimeric counterpart. The active site also contains a conserved Ser490, which probably acts as a base in catalysis. Importantly, the cysteines that participate in the binding and formation of the [2Fe-2S] cluster are not all conserved within the Ilv/ED dehydratase family, which suggests that some members of the IlvD/EDD family may bind different types of [Fe-S] clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mubinur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Martina Andberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
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Rahman MM, Andberg M, Thangaraj SK, Parkkinen T, Penttilä M, Jänis J, Koivula A, Rouvinen J, Hakulinen N. The Crystal Structure of a Bacterial l-Arabinonate Dehydratase Contains a [2Fe-2S] Cluster. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1919-1927. [PMID: 28574691 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel crystal structure of the IlvD/EDD family enzyme, l-arabinonate dehydratase from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (RlArDHT, EC 4.2.1.25), which catalyzes the conversion of l-arabinonate to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-l-arabinonate. The enzyme is a tetramer consisting of a dimer of dimers, where each monomer is composed of two domains. The active site contains a catalytically important [2Fe-2S] cluster and Mg2+ ion and is buried between two domains, and also at the dimer interface. The active site Lys129 was found to be carbamylated. Ser480 and Thr482 were shown to be essential residues for catalysis, and the S480A mutant structure showed an unexpected open conformation in which the active site was more accessible for the substrate. This structure showed the partial binding of l-arabinonate, which allowed us to suggest that the alkoxide ion form of the Ser480 side chain functions as a base and the [2Fe-2S] cluster functions as a Lewis acid in the elimination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mubinur Rahman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Martina Andberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Senthil Kumar Thangaraj
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tarja Parkkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina Hakulinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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