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Boese AC, Kang J, Hwang JS, Kim J, Eun K, Malin CM, Magliocca KR, Pan C, Jin L, Kang S. Succinyl-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta promotes stress granule assembly to regulate redox and drive cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217332120. [PMID: 37253003 PMCID: PMC10266061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217332120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although recent studies demonstrate active mitochondrial metabolism in cancers, the precise mechanisms through which mitochondrial factors contribute to cancer metastasis remain elusive. Through a customized mitochondrion RNAi screen, we identified succinyl-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit beta (SUCLA2) as a critical anoikis resistance and metastasis driver in human cancers. Mechanistically, SUCLA2, but not the alpha subunit of its enzyme complex, relocates from mitochondria to the cytosol upon cell detachment where SUCLA2 then binds to and promotes the formation of stress granules. SUCLA2-mediated stress granules facilitate the protein translation of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, which mitigates oxidative stress and renders cancer cells resistant to anoikis. We provide clinical evidence that SUCLA2 expression correlates with catalase levels as well as metastatic potential in lung and breast cancer patients. These findings not only implicate SUCLA2 as an anticancer target, but also provide insight into a unique, noncanonical function of SUCLA2 that cancer cells co-opt to metastasize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C. Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kiyoung Eun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Courteney M. Malin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Kelly R. Magliocca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX78229
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30322
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Liao Z, Lin K, Liao W, Xie Y, Yu G, Shao Y, Dai M, Sun F. Transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential antibacterial mechanism of citral against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171339. [PMID: 37250032 PMCID: PMC10213633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has posed a challenging clinical problem for treating its infection. The development of novel or new antibacterial agents becomes one of the useful methods to solve this problem, and has received more attention over the past decade. Citral is reported to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, but its mechanism is yet entirely clear. Methods To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of citral against S. aureus, comparative transcriptomic analysis was carried out to analyze the gene expression differences between the citral-treated and untreated groups. The changes of protein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in S. aureus caused by citral were also examined. Results Six hundred and fifty-nine differentially expressed genes were obtained according to the comparative transcriptomic analysis, including 287 up-regulated genes and 372 down-regulated genes. The oxidoreductase activity and fatty acid degradation pathway were enriched in up-regulated genes, and ribosome and S. aureus infection pathway were enriched in down-regulated genes. Meanwhile, physiological trials revealed a decline in ATP and protein levels, but an increase in ROS content within the citral-treated group. Thus, it can be inferred that the antibacterial effects of citral against S. aureus were likely due to its ability to decrease ATP content by down-regulating ATP synthase genes (atpD and atpG), reduce protein content, induce cell membrane and cell wall damages, accumulate ROS, and down-regulate virulence factor genes to reduce pathogenicity. Conclusion These findings revealed the antibacterial mechanism of citral was likely a type of multi-target mode that affected multiple molecular processes in S. aureus, which lays the groundwork for further exploitation of citral as a therapeutic candidate against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keshan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijiang Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Shao
- The Second People’s Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jaziri E, Louis H, Gharbi C, Unimuke TO, Agwamba EC, Mathias GE, Fugita W, Nasr CB, Khedhiri L. Synthesis, X-ray crystallography, molecular electronic property investigation, and leukopoiesis activity of novel 4,6-dimethyl-1,6-dihydropyridin-2-amino nitrate hybrid material. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Huang J, Fraser ME. The structure of succinyl-CoA synthetase bound to the succinyl-phosphate intermediate clarifies the catalytic mechanism of ATP-citrate lyase. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:363-370. [PMID: 36189720 PMCID: PMC9527654 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22008810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes a three-step reaction in the citric acid cycle with succinyl-phosphate proposed as a catalytic intermediate. However, there are no structural data to show the binding of succinyl-phosphate to SCS. Recently, the catalytic mechanism underlying acetyl-CoA production by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) has been debated. The enzyme belongs to the family of acyl-CoA synthetases (nucleoside diphosphate-forming) for which SCS is the prototype. It was postulated that the amino-terminal portion catalyzes the full reaction and the carboxy-terminal portion plays only an allosteric role. This interpretation was based on the partial loss of the catalytic activity of ACLY when Glu599 was mutated to Gln or Ala, and on the interpretation that the phospho-citryl-CoA intermediate was trapped in the 2.85 Å resolution structure from cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To better resolve the structure of the intermediate bound to the E599Q mutant, the equivalent mutation, E105αQ, was made in human GTP-specific SCS. The structure of the E105αQ mutant shows succinyl-phosphate bound to the enzyme at 1.58 Å resolution when the mutant, after phosphorylation in solution by Mg2+-ATP, was crystallized in the presence of magnesium ions, succinate and desulfo-CoA. The E105αQ mutant is still active but has a specific activity that is 120-fold less than that of the wild-type enzyme, with apparent Michaelis constants for succinate and CoA that are 50-fold and 11-fold higher, respectively. Based on this high-resolution structure, the cryo-EM maps of the E599Q ACLY complex reported previously should have revealed the binding of citryl-phosphate and CoA and not phospho-citryl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Marie E. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Pei J, Zhang J, Cong Q. Human mitochondrial protein complexes revealed by large-scale coevolution analysis and deep learning-based structure modeling. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:4301-4311. [PMID: 35881696 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Recent development of deep-learning methods has led to a breakthrough in the prediction accuracy of 3D protein structures. Extending these methods to protein pairs is expected to allow large-scale detection of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and modeling protein complexes at the proteome level. RESULTS We applied RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold, two of the latest deep-learning methods for structure predictions, to analyze coevolution of human proteins residing in mitochondria, an organelle of vital importance in many cellular processes including energy production, metabolism, cell death and antiviral response. Variations in mitochondrial proteins have been linked to a plethora of human diseases and genetic conditions. RoseTTAFold, with high computational speed, was used to predict the coevolution of about 95% of mitochondrial protein pairs. Top-ranked pairs were further subject to modeling of the complex structures by AlphaFold, which also produced contact probability with high precision and in many cases consistent with RoseTTAFold. Most top-ranked pairs with high contact probability were supported by known PPIs and/or similarities to experimental structural complexes. For high-scoring pairs without experimental complex structures, our coevolution analyses and structural models shed light on the details of their interfaces, including CHCHD4-AIFM1, MTERF3-TRUB2, FMC1-ATPAF2 and ECSIT-NDUFAF1. We also identified novel PPIs (PYURF-NDUFAF5, LYRM1-MTRF1L and COA8-COX10) for several proteins without experimentally characterized interaction partners, leading to predictions of their molecular functions and the biological processes they are involved in. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Data of mitochondrial proteins and their interactions are available at: http://conglab.swmed.edu/mitochondria. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Huang J, Fraser ME. Second distinct conformation of the phosphohistidine loop in succinyl-CoA synthetase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:357-368. [PMID: 33645539 PMCID: PMC7919408 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) catalyzes a reversible reaction that is the only substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle. One of the essential steps for the transfer of the phosphoryl group involves the movement of the phosphohistidine loop between active site I, where CoA, succinate and phosphate bind, and active site II, where the nucleotide binds. Here, the first crystal structure of SCS revealing the conformation of the phosphohistidine loop in site II of the porcine GTP-specific enzyme is presented. The phosphoryl transfer bridges a distance of 29 Å between the binding sites for phosphohistidine in site I and site II, so these crystal structures support the proposed mechanism of catalysis by SCS. In addition, a second succinate-binding site was discovered at the interface between the α- and β-subunits of SCS, and another magnesium ion was found that interacts with the side chains of Glu141β and Glu204β via water-mediated interactions. These glutamate residues interact with the active-site histidine residue when it is bound in site II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Marie E. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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