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Niikura M, Fukutomi T, Mitobe J, Kobayashi F. Characterization of a nuclear transport factor 2-like domain-containing protein in Plasmodium berghei. Malar J 2024; 23:13. [PMID: 38195464 PMCID: PMC10777651 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium lacks an mRNA export receptor ortholog, such as yeast Mex67. Yeast Mex67 contains a nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like domain, suggesting that NTF2-like domain-containing proteins might be associated with mRNA export in Plasmodium. In this study, the relationship between mRNA export and an NTF2-like domain-containing protein, PBANKA_1019700, was investigated using the ANKA strain of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. METHODS The deletion mutant Δ1019700 was generated by introducing gene-targeting vectors into the P. berghei ANKA genome, and parasite growth and virulence were examined. To investigate whether PBANKA_1019700 is involved in mRNA export, live-cell fluorescence imaging and immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP-MS) were performed using transgenic parasites expressing fusion proteins (1019700::mCherry). RESULTS Deletion of PBANKA_1019700 affected the sexual phase but not the asexual phase of malaria parasites. Live-cell fluorescence imaging showed that PBANKA_1019700 localizes to the cytoplasm. Moreover, IP-MS analysis of 1019700::mCherry indicated that PBANKA_1019700 interacts with ubiquitin-related proteins but not nuclear proteins. CONCLUSIONS PBANKA_1019700 is a noncanonical NTF2-like superfamily protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Niikura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Mitobe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
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2
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Cao F, Ma LF, Hu LS, Xu CX, Chen X, Zhan ZJ, Zhao QW, Mao XM. Coordination of Polyketide Release and Multiple Detoxification Pathways for Tolerable Production of Fungal Mycotoxins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214814. [PMID: 36461785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Efficient biosynthesis of microbial bioactive natural products (NPs) is beneficial for the survival of producers, while self-protection is necessary to avoid self-harm resulting from over-accumulation of NPs. The underlying mechanisms for the effective but tolerable production of bioactive NPs are not well understood. Herein, in the biosynthesis of two fungal polyketide mycotoxins aurovertin E (1) and asteltoxin, we show that the cyclases in the gene clusters promote the release of the polyketide backbone, and reveal that a signal peptide is crucial for their subcellular localization and full activity. Meanwhile, the fungus adopts enzymatic acetylation as the major detoxification pathway of 1. If intermediates are over-produced, the non-enzymatic shunt pathways work as salvage pathways to avoid excessive accumulation of the toxic metabolites for self-protection. These findings provided new insight into the interplay of efficient backbone release and multiple detoxification strategies for the production of fungal bioactive NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lie-Feng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Long-Shuang Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Chu-Xuan Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xu-Ming Mao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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3
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Liu SH, Sun JL, Hu YL, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yan ZY, Guo X, Guo ZK, Jiao RH, Zhang B, Tan RX, Ge HM. Biosynthesis of Sordarin Revealing a Diels–Alderase for the Formation of the Norbornene Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205577. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jia Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yi Ling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhang Yuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhi Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Bio-technology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 China
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Institute of Functional Biomolecules Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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4
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Ge HM, Liu SH, Sun JL, Hu YL, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yan ZY, Guo X, Guo ZK, Jiao RH, Zhang B, Tan RX. Biosynthesis of Sordarin Revealing a Diels‐Alderase for the Formation of the Norbornene Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming Ge
- Nanjing University School of Lifescience 22 Hankou Road 210093 Nanjing CHINA
| | | | - Jia Li Sun
- Nanjing University School of Life Science CHINA
| | - Yi Ling Hu
- Nanjing University School of Life Science CHINA
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Life Science CHINA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Life Science CHINA
| | | | - Xing Guo
- Nanjing University School of Life Science CHINA
| | - Zhi Kai Guo
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops CHINA
| | | | - Bo Zhang
- Nanjing University School of Life Science xianlin No163, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu, China 210023 nanjing CHINA
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Mcc1229, an Stx2a-amplifying microcin, is produced in vivo and requires CirA for activity. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0058721. [PMID: 34871041 PMCID: PMC8853679 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00587-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, including the foodborne pathogen E. coli O157:H7, are responsible for thousands of hospitalizations each year. Various environmental triggers can modulate pathogenicity in EHEC by inducing the expression of Shiga toxin (Stx), which is encoded on a lambdoid prophage and transcribed together with phage late genes. Cell-free supernatants of the sequence type 73 (ST73) E. coli strain 0.1229 are potent inducers of Stx2a production in EHEC, suggesting that 0.1229 secretes a factor that activates the SOS response and leads to phage lysis. We previously demonstrated that this factor, designated microcin 1229 (Mcc1229), was proteinaceous and plasmid-encoded. To further characterize Mcc1229 and support its classification as a microcin, we investigated its regulation, determined its receptor, and identified loci providing immunity. The production of Mcc1229 was increased upon iron limitation, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lacZ fusions, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Spontaneous Mcc1229-resistant mutants and targeted gene deletion revealed that CirA was the Mcc1229 receptor. TonB, which interacts with CirA in the periplasm, was also essential for Mcc1229 import. Subcloning of the Mcc1229 plasmid indicated that Mcc activity was neutralized by two open reading frames (ORFs), each predicted to encode a domain of unknown function (DUF)-containing protein. In a germfree mouse model of infection, colonization with 0.1229 suppressed subsequent colonization by EHEC. Although Mcc1229 was produced in vivo, it was dispensable for colonization suppression. The regulation, import, and immunity determinants identified here are consistent with features of other Mccs, suggesting that Mcc1229 should be included in this class of small molecules.
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6
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Cai X, Li C, Ichinose K, Jiang Y, Liu M, Wang H, Gong C, Li L, Wan J, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Li A. A single-domain small protein Med-ORF10 regulates the production of antitumour agent medermycin in Streptomyces. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1918-1930. [PMID: 34139068 PMCID: PMC8449675 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Med-ORF10, a single-domain protein with unknown function encoded by a gene located in a gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of a novel antitumour antibiotic medermycin, shares high homology to a group of small proteins widely distributed in many aromatic polyketide antibiotic pathways. This group of proteins contain a nuclear transport factor-2 (NTF-2) domain and appear to undergo an evolutionary divergence in their functions. Gene knockout and interspecies complementation suggested that Med-ORF10 plays a regulatory role in medermycin biosynthetic pathway. Overexpression of med-ORF10 in its wild-type strain led to significant increase of medermycin production. It was also shown by qRT-PCR and Western blot that Med-ORF10 controls the expression of genes encoding tailoring enzymes involved in medermycin biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that Med-ORF10 has pleiotropic effects on more targets. However, there is no similar conserved domain available in Med-ORF10 compared to those of mechanistically known regulatory proteins; meanwhile, no direct interaction between Med-ORF10 and its target promoter DNA was detected via gel shift assay. All these studies suggest that Med-ORF10 regulates medermycin biosynthesis probably via an indirect mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Cai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Koji Ichinose
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Yali Jiang
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huili Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Caixia Gong
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Le Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Juan Wan
- The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,The College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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7
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Pleiotropic effects of ActVI-ORFA as an unusual regulatory factor identified in the biosynthetic pathway of actinorhodin in Streptomyces coelicolor. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126792. [PMID: 34082307 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory networks play critical roles in controlling the the biosynthesis of natural products in Streptomyces. ActVI-ORFA, a regulatory factor encoded by the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster (act cluster), positively controls the production of actinorhodin (ACT) in Streptomyces coelicolor, although its regulatory mechanism remains obscure. This study aimed to identify the regulatory targets of ActVI-ORFA. Deletion of ActVI-ORFA caused the differential expression of hundreds of proteins, as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis. qRT-PCR analysis of some genes encoding these differentially expressed proteins, including act genes and non-act genes, confirmed that ActVI-ORFA could control their transcriptional levels. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with a promoter region of a target gene located in the act cluster, no binding was detected, consistent with the lack of a recognizable DNA-binding domain in ActVI-ORFA. Overall, our findings suggest that ActVI-ORFA is a pleiotropic regulatory factor that controls multiple physiological pathways, including secondary metabolite production, probably via an indirect mode.
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8
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Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen that is often refractory to antibiotic control. Treatment is further complicated by considerable variation among clinical isolates in both their genetic constitution and their clinical manifestations. Here, we show that the prophage and plasmid mobilome is a likely contributor to this variation. Prophages and plasmids are common, abundant, and highly diverse, and code for large repertoires of genes influencing virulence, antibiotic susceptibility, and defense against viral infection. At least 85% of the strains we describe carry one or more prophages, representing at least 17 distinct and diverse sequence "clusters," integrated at 18 different attB locations. The prophages code for 19 distinct configurations of polymorphic toxin and toxin-immunity systems, each with WXG-100 motifs for export through type VII secretion systems. These are located adjacent to attachment junctions, are lysogenically expressed, and are implicated in promoting growth in infected host cells. Although the plethora of prophages and plasmids confounds the understanding of M. abscessus pathogenicity, they also provide an abundance of tools for M. abscessus engineering.IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium abscessus is an important emerging pathogen that is challenging to treat with current antibiotic regimens. There is substantial genomic variation in M. abscessus clinical isolates, but little is known about how this influences pathogenicity and in vivo growth. Much of the genomic variation is likely due to the large and varied mobilome, especially a large and diverse array of prophages and plasmids. The prophages are unrelated to previously characterized phages of mycobacteria and code for a diverse array of genes implicated in both viral defense and in vivo growth. Prophage-encoded polymorphic toxin proteins secreted via the type VII secretion system are common and highly varied and likely contribute to strain-specific pathogenesis.
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9
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Zhu X, Siitonen V, Melançon III CE, Metsä-Ketelä M. Biosynthesis of Diverse Type II Polyketide Core Structures in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:243-251. [PMID: 33471506 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology-based approaches have been employed to generate advanced natural product (NP) pathway intermediates to overcome obstacles in NP drug discovery and production. Type II polyketides (PK-IIs) comprise a major subclass of NPs that provide attractive structures for antimicrobial and anticancer drug development. Herein, we have assembled five biosynthetic pathways using a generalized operon design strategy in Streptomyces coelicolor M1152 to allow comparative analysis of metabolite production in an improved heterologous host. The work resulted in production of four distinct PK-II core structures, namely benzoisochromanequinone, angucycline, tetracenomycin, and pentangular compounds, which serve as precursors to diverse pharmaceutically important NPs. Our bottom-up design strategy provided evidence that the biosynthetic pathway of BE-7585A proceeds via an angucycline core structure, instead of rearrangement of an anthracycline aglycone, and led to the discovery of a novel 26-carbon pentangular polyketide. The synthetic biology platform presented here provides an opportunity for further controlled production of diverse PK-IIs in a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Vilja Siitonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20014, Finland
| | - Charles E. Melançon III
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Mikko Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20014, Finland
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