Revisiting knowledge sharing from the organizational change perspective

Employees’ Innovative Work Behavior and Change Management Phases in Government Institutions: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

The change management process in government institutions includes many challenges that require identifying the factors that may facilitate such a process. This study aims to examine the mediating impact of knowledge sharing (KS) on the relationship between employees’ innovative work behavior (EIWB) and change management phases in governmental institutions, based on Lewin’s model. The data were collected from 300 employees working in governmental institutions in Saudi Arabia using a structured survey questionnaire method. Structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) with bootstrap procedures was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study demonstrated that KS has a significant mediating impact on the relationship between EIWB and the stages of change management (unfreezing, change process, and refreezing). Additionally, KS had greater mediating effects on the unfreezing and refreezing phases than on the change process phase. These results indicate the importance of promoting EIWB and encouraging a knowledge sharing culture for the successful implementation of change programs in governmental institutions.

Effect of Emotional Exhaustion and Knowledge Sharing on Depersonalization, Work Accomplishment, and Organizational Performance

The objective of the present study is to empirically investigate the relationship between emotional exhaustion and knowledge sharing of individual and organizational outcomes. Data was collected from 672 respondents from the information technology (IT) sector. The results from path analysis revealed that emotional exhaustion is (i) positively related to depersonalization, and (ii) negatively related to work accomplishment and organizational performance. The results also reveal that knowledge sharing is (i) negatively related to depersonalization, and (ii) positively related to work accomplishment and organizational performance. However, depersonalization is not negatively related to organizational performance. As predicted, work accomplishment is positively related to organizational performance. The diametrically opposite results of emotional exhaustion and knowledge sharing are particularly interesting. The implications for management and practicing mangers are discussed.

Addressing the knowledge divide: digital knowledge sharing and social learning of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate digital knowledge sharing (KS) and social learning (SL) of geographically dispersed employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is qualitative case study action research within a leading global provider of comprehensive logistics and transportation solutions; 22 employees from various geographically dispersed entities were selected through purposive sampling. Employees took part in interviews to explore their perspectives on and experiences with digital KS and SL.

Findings

Findings first show that successful digital KS and SL hinges on the motivation, intentions, attitude and behaviour of employees to share and co-create knowledge embedded in supportive KS culture and climate. Second, findings show that the implementation of knowledge sharing platforms customised to the needs and preferences of employees within the case study organisation facilitated KS and SL, which in turn aided the development of individual and organisational capability, agility and adaptability required in the contemporary, digital knowledge economy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

This research was a single case study of an organisation within one business sector, namely logistics, encompassing a small sample of 22 employees. Hence, this study does not permit statistical generalisation but only permits internal generalisation.

Practical implications

Forming and sustaining networks of influencers, i.e. employees who are role models of digital KS and SL, who serve as strong advocates and ambassadors for instilling a KS culture and climate within the organisation have a powerful influence on evoking digital KS and SL organisation-wide.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is that it presents an evidence-based “Digital Knowledge Sharing and Social Learning model” depicting the factors that influence digital KS and SL, the benefits and outcomes. This model aids researchers and practitioners to better understand the dynamics of digital KS and SL between organisational members in a cross-cultural business environment during times of crises.

Do mistakes acceptance foster innovation? Polish and US cross-country study of tacit knowledge sharing in IT

Purpose

This study aims to understand and compare how the mechanism of innovative processes in the information technology (IT) industry – the most innovative industry worldwide – is shaped in Poland and the USA in terms of tacit knowledge awareness and sharing driven by a culture of knowledge and learning, composed of a learning climate and mistake acceptance.

Design/methodology/approach

Study samples were drawn from the IT industry in Poland (n = 350) and the USA (n = 370) and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.

Findings

True learning derives from mistake acceptance. As a result of a risk-taking attitude and critical thinking, the IT industry in the USA is consistently innovation-oriented. Specifically, external innovations are highly correlated with internal innovations. Moreover, a knowledge culture supports a learning culture via a learning climate. A learning climate is an important facilitator for learning from mistakes.

Originality/value

This study revealed that a high level of mistake acceptance stimulates a risk-taking attitude that offers a high level of tacit knowledge awareness as a result of critical thinking, but critical thinking without readiness to take a risk is useless for tacit knowledge capturing.

Does servant leadership affect work role performance via knowledge sharing and psychological empowerment?

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how servant leaders play an essential role in employee work role performance by assessing the mediating role of knowledge sharing and psychological empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected from a sample of 583 employees working in a public sector organization in India. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the proposed model.

Findings

The results contribute to new knowledge that servant leadership has a positive link to work role performance. Findings demonstrate that this relationship was partially mediated by knowledge sharing and psychological empowerment. Knowledge sharing has a positive and significant effect on psychological empowerment. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

Originality/value

By identifying servant leadership as a determinant of knowledge-sharing behavior and psychological empowerment, this paper significantly supplements current research on the process through which leadership influences individual behavior and motivation toward work performance.

Uncovering the role of social media and cross-platform applications as tools for knowledge sharing

Purpose

Leaders, consultants and researchers are increasingly focused on enhancing the adoption of social networking tools to increase knowledge sharing practices and the success rate of organizations. This study was conducted to explore the adoption of social networking applications in public and private sector universities. This paper aims to discover how social networking applications can foster knowledge sharing practices among employees of universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on an interpretivist, qualitative research design using grounded theory. Fifty-two semi-structured and non-directive interviews were undertaken with employees of public and private sector universities. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and thematic analysis was performed using the NVivo 11-Plus.

Findings

The study highlights how social media networking applications can be used effectively and efficiently to foster knowledge sharing practices in the workplace. Five emerging themes are identified as follows. Social media networking tools can enhance new knowledge, increase employee skills, promote a knowledge sharing culture, foster effective communication and increase employee involvement in research activities.

Research limitations/implications

Social networking applications have received attention because executives and researchers are increasingly focused on finding new ways to use social networking tools in business. The effective and efficient use of social networking tools helps organizations to foster knowledge amongst employees, and can address various critical issues such as knowledge hoarding, lowers levels of skills and knowledge, poor communication and employee involvement, the lack of desire to share knowledge, and resistance toward technology.

Originality/value

A brief systematic literature review on social media and knowledge sharing highlights that only 11 per cent of studies found that examined the link between social media and knowledge sharing practices across the world. The study therefore represents an effort to shed new light on the adoption of social networking tools in the context of knowledge sharing among universities employees. Social media applications have become popular across the world, and the speed of their uptake is evolving rapidly. However, their contribution toward organizational change is not yet known.

Effects of organizational learning on performance: the moderating roles of trust in leaders and organizational justice

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify how organizational learning processes influence perceived organizational performance and examine the moderating roles of organizational justice and trust in managers therein.

Design/methodology/approach

This study develops a theoretical model to exhibit how knowledge acquisition and transfer activities influence perceived organizational performance. Data were collected from 515 respondents and analyzed by PROCESS macro for SPSS.

Findings

This study found that feedback learning flows are strongly mediated between learning stocks and organizational performance. It also found that organizational justice moderates the effect of learning stocks on organizational performance through feed-forward learning flows, while trust in manager moderates the effect of learning stocks on organizational performance through feedback learning flows.

Research limitations/implications

This study has a limitation in which it uses self-report data to measure all constructs. The objective measure may be necessary for future study.

Practical implications

The implications of this study are twofold. First, it finds that the higher organizational justice, the better the transfer of knowledge from the bottom up. When firms need to explore new knowledge, fairness in procedure and the distribution system is critical. Second, the higher the trust in management, the better the transfer of knowledge from the top down. The role of managers is instrumental in persuading employees and disseminating knowledge.

Originality/value

Combining functionalist and critical perspectives and developing a theoretical model, this study contributes to the understanding of how trust and justice facilitate learning activities within organizations.

Emerging organizational parameters and their roles in implementation of organizational change

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate new emerging organizational parameters and their roles in successful change implementation. These organizational parameters are rarely investigated especially in the context of organizational change (OC) in private and public sector organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

In cumulative, 403 valid responses have been obtained randomly from public sector workers by using self-administered questionnaires.

Findings

The results reveal that knowledge sharing regarding incremental and radical changes can helpful for effective OC implementation. Findings highlight the significant role of emotional and social intelligence in managing resistance and bringing openness to change in these organizations. It is also found that social media has become an important emerging organizational parameter to foster effective communication and knowledge sharing during OC implementation. Apart from the direct effects, readiness to change has multiple effects coupled with emerging organizational parameters to implement change successfully.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the current study offer diversified implications for theory, practice and global society. The theoretical base is taken from the well-known theories of management (i.e. Lewin’s three-step model, field theory, intelligence theory, cost-effective theory, social exchange theory, social network theory and social penetration theory). Emerging organizational parameters that have a potential impact on effective change implementation are identified. The findings suggest that global organizations should have to initiate effective networking structure using social media applications and social intelligence skills to remain connected and get positive responses about change formulation and implementation decision.

Originality/value

A majority of studies have presented the research model on OC implementation in the context of developed countries, which form 30 percent of the world’s population, mostly the Americas and Europe. It is observed that a developing country, such as Pakistan, has a culture that is based on power distance, collectivism and more political influence as compared to developed countries. Triandis et al. (1980) argued that any theoretical contribution without considering the cultural aspect can lead to bias findings. There is limited research available in the world that is conducted to examine the interactive effects of readiness to change on the relationship between effective change implementation, knowledge sharing, intelligence and social media. These findings are useful to plan and execute OC using new emerging organizational parameters.

Exploring the sources and role of knowledge sharing to overcome the challenges of organizational change implementation

Purpose

In recent times, organizations and leaders are focusing on new strategies to increase the success rate of organizational change (OC) implementation. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the sources and role of knowledge sharing (KS) to overcome the challenges of OC implementation.

Design/methodology/approach

For this research, data have been gathered from respondents based on their key designations by using unstructured interview method. Thematic analysis was then performed using the NVivo 11-Plus software.

Findings

It has found that employees in public sector organizations are opposing OC because of ineffective communication, and a lower level of employee participation in decision-making and barriers of, for example, a cultural, social, structural and political nature. Therefore, this study suggests how KS can be used to overcome the challenges of OC implementation.

Research limitations/implications

KS has become necessary to ensure incremental and radical changes in the survival of dynamic businesses. The results are useful to enhance understanding regarding the role of KS in the context of OC among change leaders, researchers, academicians and policymakers.

Originality/value

The study provides meaningful and novel knowledge regarding role of KS to overcome the challenges of OC implementation. No prior research that contributes practical and theoretical knowledge in the perspective of KS and OC has been found, especially in the context of developing countries and Asian culture. Therefore, this investigation attempts to explore the role of KS and presented overarching conceptual framework in the real context of OC implementation.

Fostering organizational learning through leadership and knowledge sharing

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among transformational leadership, knowledge sharing climate and behavior, interpersonal trust and organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 209 participants from a manufacturing company in Korea were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.

Findings

The findings of the study indicated that transformational leadership directly affected the knowledge sharing climate and behavior, interpersonal trust and organizational learning of an organization. Transformational leadership also indirectly affected organizational learning through knowledge climate and behavior, and interpersonal trust. In addition, a knowledge sharing climate directly affected interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing behavior and indirectly affected organizational learning through interpersonal trust and knowledge behavior. Interpersonal trust directly affected knowledge sharing behavior and indirectly affected organizational learning through knowledge sharing behavior. Finally, knowledge sharing behavior positively affected organizational learning.

Research limitations/implications

The results highlight the important role of transformational leadership to enhance the knowledge sharing climate and behavior of employees, interpersonal trust and organizational learning. This study also indicated that transformational leadership, interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing behavior are antecedents of organizational learning.

Practical implications

The study’s findings could motivate practitioners to place more emphasis on leadership support, knowledge sharing and organizational learning in the manufacturing sector.

Originality/value

The study provided diverse paths indicating how transformational leadership can impact organizational learning by examining both the direct and indirect paths between transformational leadership, multiple mediators and organizational learning. It also suggested a research framework for supporting transformational leadership, knowledge sharing and organizational learning, as well as their relationships by examining the three variables in one research model.

Knowledge sharing and organizational change: Practice interactions in Australian local government

The sharing of knowledge in organizations is deemed critical to achieving environmental and economic sustainability outcomes. This study applies a practice theoretical approach to investigating knowledge sharing in a team in local government created to break down the boundaries which have led to siloed practices. Findings indicate a range of activities, including influencing and resisting, and these differ from findings in other studies. Analysis of organizational discourses, physical arrangements and social spaces of organizations demonstrated the existence of two distinct practices: knowledge sharing and organizational change. Sharing knowledge of the organization and its ways of working were found to be as important as sharing subject knowledge and expertise.

The antecedents and dimensionality of knowledge-sharing intention

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the relationships between situational/dispositional variables and an individual’s intention to knowledge sharing, and has theoretical implications for researchers in human resource development and management, as well as implications for practicing managers in organizations. First, this study examines whether an integrative model of knowledge sharing reveals an impact of various antecedents on sharing of knowledge between individuals, which has been rarely explored in a single study. In particular, this study is interested in examining whether the two dimensions improve individual sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey design approach is used as the research method for data collection. Initially, a pilot study is conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the measures. A 120-item questionnaire is used to measure personality traits, organizational climate and knowledge-sharing intention. The main study is conducted at the Korean IT companies, which have knowledge management system and actively share knowledge between R&D engineers.

Findings

The results of regression analyses indicate that conscientiousness, openness and extroversion of dispositional variables are positively related to an individual’s intention to share knowledge. Of situational variables, organizational support and identity are positively related to knowledge sharing, and reward is negatively associated with knowledge-sharing intention. Theoretical and practical implications for future research are discussed.

Originality/value

Scholars focused with increasing emphasis over the past 20 years on an organization’s ability to facilitate, utilize and share knowledge as critical components of organizational success. Several scholarly attempts tried to explain the antecedents of knowledge sharing. Despite an increasing demand for a coherent and integrated approach to knowledge sharing, empirical efforts remain largely absent with regard to how knowledge transfer and knowledge-sharing practices among individuals are affected by dispositional and situational variables. Also, individual intention to share knowledge was primarily measured as a unidimensional concept. This is a surprising oversight, given that tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge are critical. Indeed, these may be collectivized successfully for the firm’s driver. To address this gap in our understanding of the personal dynamics involved in knowledge-sharing practices, this study seeks to investigate whether dispositional and situational variables lead to changes in individual’s intention to share tacit and explicit knowledge.

The Co-Creation-Wheel

Purpose

This study aims to design and validate a conceptual and practical model of co-creation. Co-creation, to design collaborative new products, services and processes in contact with users, has become more and more important because organisations increasingly require multidisciplinary collaboration inside and outside the organisation to respond to challenges and create added value.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a design and validation study, which uses mixed-methods, a reconstructive design and a semi-structured interview with a questionnaire as validation. The designed model is validated by 14 scholars and practitioners across fields.

Findings

Designed is a conceptual and practical model, the four-dimensional Co-Creation-Wheel, which contains success factors for co-creation: 12 internal team factors plus 4 external conditions and a core. The validation study of this model, scientifically and as a practical instrument, supported the importance of the components of the model and suggested slight improvements. This resulted in a refinement of the first designed Co-Creation-Wheel.

Research limitations/implications

Although restricted usefulness to large-scale structured innovation practices was expected, the instrument has a broader reach. First applications demonstrate that this Co-Creation-Wheel is multifunctional and international. It inspires, supports reflection of collaboration, stimulates interventions to enhance co-creation practices and human resource development (HRD) activities and is able to measure the quality of co-creation elements. Further research on its effects in co-creation practices is necessary, especially on the role of HRD in co-creation..

Originality/value

This study is the first to design and validate a multifaceted, holistic conceptual and practical model of co-creation that is easy to use for innovators in practice and is multifunctional.

Exploring the challenges, trends and issues for knowledge sharing

Purpose

This study aims to explore the challenges to knowledge sharing (KS) in the context of public sector universities in developing countries. Furthermore, it explores why knowledge hoarding behaviour is flourishing even when employees are encouraged to share their knowledge in organisations and are rewarded for doing so.

Design/methodology/approach

Research data were collected from vice chancellor, registrar, professors, assistant professors and lecturers using an interview technique. They shared their knowledge, expertise, experiences and understanding about issues relating to KS practices in public universities. These interviews were thematically analysed using the NVivo 11-Plus software and different themes emerged.

Findings

The results reveal that hoard knowledge to gain power, authority, influence, promotion opportunities and employee favouritism negatively influence KS practices. Furthermore, an unsupportive culture and a poor linkage between KS and rewards negatively influence KS practices in public sector universities.

Research limitations/implications

The present study aids academic leadership in designing policies and strategies to enhance KS among faculty staff and to create a supportive KS culture. These results are useful for top management officials of public sector universities, especially in developing countries, and for policy makers, who can plan and execute effective policies to foster KS behaviour.

Originality/value

The originality can be viewed as a new window open towards the motivation of the university staff to hoard their knowledge instead of sharing it. This study gives the novel conceptual model based on why people do not share their knowledge and how KS practices can be fostered among the employees in public sector universities. Few studies have been conducted to explore KS issues in the real context of developing countries, and specifically in the Asian culture.