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Volkova T, Nicollier C, Gass V. An Empirical and Subjective Model of Upper Extremity Fatigue Under Hypogravity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832214. [PMID: 35250635 PMCID: PMC8888417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of extra-terrestrial missions, the effects of hypogravity (0 < G < 1) on the human body can reduce the well-being of the crew, cause musculoskeletal problems and affect their ability to perform tasks, especially during long-term missions. To date, studies of the effects of hypogravity on human movement are limited to experiments on the lower limbs. Here, we extend the knowledge base to the upper limbs, by conducting experiments to evaluate the effect of hypogravity on upper limb physical fatigue and mental workload in participants. Our hypothesis was that hypogravity would both increase participant productivity, by reducing overall physical fatigue expressed in Endurance Time, and reduce mental workload. Task Intensity-Endurance time curves are developed especially in seated positions, while performing static, dynamic, repetitive tasks. This experiment involved 32 healthy participants without chronic problems of the musculoskeletal system aged 33.59 ± 8.16 years. Using the collected data, fatigue models were constructed for tasks of varying Intensity. In addition, all participants completed the NASA – Task Load Index subjective mental workload assessment, which revealed the level of subjective workload when executing different tasks. We found two trends in the empirical fatigue models associated with the difference between the strength capabilities of males and females. The first is a significant positive (p = 0.002) relation between Endurance time and gravity level (⅙ G Moon, ⅓ G Mars, 1G) with negative coefficient for males and females for a static task. And there is marginal relation (p < 0.1) between overall mental workload and gravity level with a positive coefficient for males and females for the same task. The same trend was observed for dynamic and repetitive tasks. We concluded that the Task Intensity-Endurance Time model, adapted to hypogravity in combination with subjective mental assessment, is useful to human fatigue investigation. The combination of these methods used for ergonomic analysis and digital human modeling, could improve worker productivity. Finally, this study may help prepare astronauts for long-term missions on the Moon and Mars and improve our understanding of how we can prevent musculoskeletal disorders caused by hazardous manual handling under such extreme environments.
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Cardiorespiratory Interaction and Autonomic Sleep Quality Improve during Sleep in Beds Made from Pinus cembra (Stone Pine) Solid Wood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189749. [PMID: 34574675 PMCID: PMC8472742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory interactions (CRIs) reflect the mutual tuning of two important organismic oscillators—the heartbeat and respiration. These interactions can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the self-organizational and recreational quality of sleep. In this randomized, blinded and cross-over design study, we investigated CRIs in 15 subjects over a total of 253 nights who slept in beds made from different materials. One type of bed, used as control, was made of melamine faced chipboard with a wood-like appearance, while the other type was made of solid wood from stone pine (Pinus cembra). We observed a significant increase of vagal activity (measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia), a decrease in the heart rate (as an indicator of energy consumption during sleep) and an improvement in CRIs, especially during the first hours of sleep in the stone pine beds as compared to the chipboard beds. Subjective assessments of study participants’ well-being in the morning and sub-scalar assessments of their intrapsychic stability were significantly better after they slept in the stone pine bed than after they slept in the chipboard bed. Our observations suggest that CRIs are sensitive to detectable differences in indoor settings that are relevant to human health. Our results are in agreement with those of other studies that have reported that exposure to volatile phytochemical ingredients of stone pine (α-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate) lead to an improvement in vagal activity and studies that show a reduction in stress parameters upon contact with solid wood surfaces.
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Zorko A, Frühwirth M, Goswami N, Moser M, Levnajić Z. Heart Rhythm Analyzed via Shapelets Distinguishes Sleep From Awake. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1554. [PMID: 32009972 PMCID: PMC6978775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatically determining when a person falls asleep from easily available vital signals is important, not just for medical applications but also for practical ones, such as traffic safety or smart homes. Heart dynamics and respiration cycle couple differently during sleep and awake. Specifically, respiratory modulation of heart rhythm or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is more prominent during sleep, as both sleep and RSA are connected to strong vagal activity. The onset of sleep can be recognized or even predicted as the increase of cardio-respiratory coupling. Here, we employ this empirical fact to design a method for detecting the change of consciousness status (sleep/awake) based only on heart rate variability (HRV) data. Our method relies on quantifying the (self)similarity among shapelets - short chunks of HRV time series - whose "shapes" are related to the respiration cycle. To test our method, we examine the HRV data of 75 healthy individuals recorded with microsecond precision. We find distinctive patterns stable across age and sex, that are not only indicative of sleep and awake, but allow to pinpoint the change from awake to sleep almost immediately. More systematic analysis along these lines could lead to a reliable prediction of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zorko
- Complex Systems and Data Science Lab, Faculty of Information Studies in Novo Mesto, Novo Mesto, Slovenia
| | | | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center of Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Human Research Institute, Weiz, Austria
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center of Vascular Biology, Immunity and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zoran Levnajić
- Complex Systems and Data Science Lab, Faculty of Information Studies in Novo Mesto, Novo Mesto, Slovenia
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Rosenblum M, Frühwirth M, Moser M, Pikovsky A. Dynamical disentanglement in an analysis of oscillatory systems: an application to respiratory sinus arrhythmia. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20190045. [PMID: 31656138 PMCID: PMC6834001 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop a technique for the multivariate data analysis of perturbed self-sustained oscillators. The approach is based on the reconstruction of the phase dynamics model from observations and on a subsequent exploration of this model. For the system, driven by several inputs, we suggest a dynamical disentanglement procedure, allowing us to reconstruct the variability of the system's output that is due to a particular observed input, or, alternatively, to reconstruct the variability which is caused by all the inputs except for the observed one. We focus on the application of the method to the vagal component of the heart rate variability caused by a respiratory influence. We develop an algorithm that extracts purely respiratory-related variability, using a respiratory trace and times of R-peaks in the electrocardiogram. The algorithm can be applied to other systems where the observed bivariate data can be represented as a point process and a slow continuous signal, e.g. for the analysis of neuronal spiking. This article is part of the theme issue 'Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rosenblum
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Control Theory Department, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M. Frühwirth
- Human Research Institute of Health Technology and Prevention Research, Franz Pichler Street 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - M. Moser
- Human Research Institute of Health Technology and Prevention Research, Franz Pichler Street 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6/D05, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - A. Pikovsky
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Control Theory Department, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Moser M, Frühwirth M, Messerschmidt D, Goswami N, Dorfer L, Bahr F, Opitz G. Investigation of a Micro-test for Circulatory Autonomic Nervous System Responses. Front Physiol 2017; 8:448. [PMID: 28785223 PMCID: PMC5519958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in homeostasis and organismic recreation, control of immune function, inflammation, and bone growth. It also regulates blood pressure and orthostasis via vagal and sympathetic pathways. Besides recording of heart rate variability (HRV), which characterizes medium (1–5 min) and long term (circadian) autonomic tone or modulation, no gentle tests of short-term autonomic reactivity and control are available. In 1976 Nogier described a short time cardiovascular response (“Réflexe Auriculo Cardiaque”, RAC) which could be used to investigate short term autonomic reactions without changing system characteristics and thus being repeatable in short intervals. In this paper, we investigated the possible application of the Nogier reaction as a micro-test for the identification of a disturbed sensitivity or reactivity of the autonomic nervous system. Methods: We statistically analyzed cardiovascular signals derived during the application of small repeated stimuli utilizing methods of signal averaging to characterize the physiological background. Specifically, the Nogier reaction was investigated using simultaneous recordings of ECG, pulse waves, and respiration. Results: Significant fast (delay 1–5 s) and slower (delay 6–12 s) cardio-autonomic responses to different stimuli which characterize short term were observed. From time characteristics and type of signals where they occur we deduce that fast changes observed in heart rate are vagal reactions to the small stimuli whereas slower changes observed in pulse waves stem from sympathetic nervous system responses. Conclusions: The investigated autonomic micro-test opens the possibility to differentially investigate both limbs of the autonomic nervous system with minimal stimuli. It can be performed within seconds and does not change the set point of the system in opposition to less subtle tests such as Valsalva maneuver. Therefore, it is well-suited for quick, repeated measurements of autonomic nervous system reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Moser
- Human Research Institute of Health Technology and Prevention ResearchWeiz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Matthias Frühwirth
- Human Research Institute of Health Technology and Prevention ResearchWeiz, Austria
| | | | - Nandu Goswami
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Leopold Dorfer
- Austrian Society for Controlled AcupunctureGraz, Austria
| | - Frank Bahr
- German Academy for AcupunctureMunich, Germany
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Kralemann B, Frühwirth M, Pikovsky A, Rosenblum M, Kenner T, Schaefer J, Moser M. In vivo cardiac phase response curve elucidates human respiratory heart rate variability. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2418. [PMID: 23995013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovering interaction of endogenous rhythms from observations is challenging, especially if a mathematical model explaining the behaviour of the system is unknown. The decisive information for successful reconstruction of the dynamics is the sensitivity of an oscillator to external influences, which is quantified by its phase response curve. Here we present a technique that allows the extraction of the phase response curve from a non-invasive observation of a system consisting of two interacting oscillators--in this case heartbeat and respiration--in its natural environment and under free-running conditions. We use this method to obtain the phase-coupling functions describing cardiorespiratory interactions and the phase response curve of 17 healthy humans. We show for the first time the phase at which the cardiac beat is susceptible to respiratory drive and extract the respiratory-related component of heart rate variability. This non-invasive method for the determination of phase response curves of coupled oscillators may find application in many scientific disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kralemann
- Institut für Pädagogik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Grote V, Kelz C, Goswami N, Stossier H, Tafeit E, Moser M. Cardio-autonomic control and wellbeing due to oscillating color light exposure. Physiol Behav 2013; 114-115:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mathie MJ, Coster ACF, Lovell NH, Celler BG. Accelerometry: providing an integrated, practical method for long-term, ambulatory monitoring of human movement. Physiol Meas 2004; 25:R1-20. [PMID: 15132305 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/2/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Accelerometry offers a practical and low cost method of objectively monitoring human movements, and has particular applicability to the monitoring of free-living subjects. Accelerometers have been used to monitor a range of different movements, including gait, sit-to-stand transfers, postural sway and falls. They have also been used to measure physical activity levels and to identify and classify movements performed by subjects. This paper reviews the use of accelerometer-based systems in each of these areas. The scope and applicability of such systems in unsupervised monitoring of human movement are considered. The different systems and monitoring techniques can be integrated to provide a more comprehensive system that is suitable for measuring a range of different parameters in an unsupervised monitoring context with free-living subjects. An integrated approach is described in which a single, waist-mounted accelerometry system is used to monitor a range of different parameters of human movement in an unsupervised setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn J Mathie
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Pastacaldi P, Orsini P, Bracciaferri F, Neri G, Porciani M, Liuni L, Zolesi V. Short term microgravity effect on isometric hand grip and precision pinch force with visual and proprioceptive feedback. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2004; 33:1368-1374. [PMID: 15803629 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Experiments executed on the upper limb are assuming increasing significance in the frame of the Human Physiology in space, for at least two reasons: the upper limb is the principal means of locomotion for the subject living in a space station; furthermore, fatigue can have a significant effect on the hand, for the ordinary work on board, and in particular for the extra-vehicular activities. The degradation of the performances affecting the muscular-skeletal apparatus can be easily recognized on the upper limb, by exerting specific scientific protocols, to be repeated through the permanence of the subject in weightlessness conditions. Another aspect relevant to the effect of microgravity on the upper limb is associated with the alteration of the motor control programs due to the different gravity factor, affecting not only the bio-mechanics of the subject, but in general all his/her psycho-physical conditions, induced by the totally different environment. Specific protocols on the upper limb can facilitate the studies on learning mechanisms for the motor control. The results of such experiments can be transferred to the Earth, useful for treatment of subjects with local traumas or diseases of the Central Nervous System.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pastacaldi
- Hand's Microsurgery Department, S. Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Rafolt D, Gallasch E. Influence of Contact Forces on Wrist Photo plethysmography – Prestudy for a Wearable Patient Monitor / Einfluß von Kontaktkräften auf die photoplethysmografische Pulsmessung am Handgelenk – Vorstudie zu einem tragbaren Patientenmonitor. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2004; 49:22-6. [PMID: 15032494 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2004.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The practical setting shows that gentle manual pressure on a photosensor suffices to improve the detectability of arterial pulses, but changes in the pressure applied may also produce signal artefacts. To study these effects, stepwise increasing contact forces (0.5 to 4 N) were applied to a photosensor placed over the radial artery. Additionally, the influence of optical coupling between sensor and skin surface was examined by introducing an elastic distance ring. The AC and DC components from the recorded photoplethysmogram were analysed. The AC component (absorption due to arterial pulsation) increased with the pressure applied; at lower forces (0.5 to 3 N) an introduction of the ring enhanced this effect. The characteristic of the DC component (backscattering from non-pulsating tissues) depends on optical coupling: without the ring the DC component increased stepwise with force (slope 0.035 V/N), but with the ring in place this component decreased (slope -0.075 V/N). Since the sensitivity of the pulse signal to artifacts is related to the slope of the DC component, such artefacts can be minimized by making the slope small. The utilization of these results to improve pulse detection and reduce motion artefacts in a wearable wrist device is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rafolt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna.
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Gaura EI, Rider RJ, Steele N, Naguib RN. Neural-network compensation methods for capacitive micromachined accelerometers for use in telecare medicine. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY 2001; 5:248-52. [PMID: 11550847 DOI: 10.1109/4233.945296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transducers represent a key component of medical instrumentation systems. In this paper, sensors that perform the task of measuring the physical quantity of acceleration are discussed. These sensors are of special significance since, by integrating their output signal, accelerometers can additionally provide a measure of velocity and position. Applications for such measurements and, thus, of accelerometers, range from early diagnosis procedures for tremor-related diseases (e.g., Parkinson's) to monitoring daily patterns of patient activity using telemetry systems. The system-level requirements in such applications are considered and two novel neural-network transducer designs developed by the authors are presented, which aim to satisfy such requirements. Both designs are based on a micromachined sensing element with capacitive signal pickoff. The first is an open-loop design utilizing a direct-inverse-control strategy, while the second is a closed-loop design, where electrostatic actuation is used as a form of feedback. Both transducers are nonlinearly compensated, capable of self-test, and provide digital outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Gaura
- BIOCORE, School of Mathematical and Information Sciences, Coventry University, UK
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Gallasch E, Kozlovskaya IB. Vibrografic signs of autonomous muscle tone studied in long term space missions. ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 1998; 43:101-106. [PMID: 11541917 DOI: 10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Signs of resting muscle tone, assessed by cardiac driven microvibrations (MV), were studied in two cosmonauts during long term space missions on the Russian MIR station. In the 1 g environment, MV showed the typical 7-13 Hz resonance oscillations triggered by the heart beat. In 0 g, these pulsations were damped and the waveform became similar to an acceleration ballistocardiogram. If resting tone was slightly increased by extending the arm in 0 g, the resonance oscillations reappeared in most cases. By means of a simple vibromechanic analog it is demonstrated that the elastic component of muscle has to be reduced during the fully relaxed state in 0g.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gallasch
- University of Graz, Department of Physiology, Austria
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