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Azaripour A, Lagerweij T, Scharfbillig C, Jadczak AE, Swaan BVD, Molenaar M, Waal RVD, Kielbassa K, Tigchelaar W, Picavet DI, Jonker A, Hendrikx EML, Hira VVV, Khurshed M, Noorden CJFV. Three-dimensional histochemistry and imaging of human gingiva. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1647. [PMID: 29374186 PMCID: PMC5785975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 3D histochemistry and imaging methodology is described for human gingiva to analyze its vascular network. Fifteen human gingiva samples without signs of inflammation were cleared using a mixture of 2-parts benzyl benzoate and 1-part benzyl alcohol (BABB), after being immunofluorescently stained for CD31, marker of endothelial cells to visualize blood vessels in combination with fluorescent DNA dyes. Samples were imaged in 3D with the use of confocal microscopy and light-sheet microscopy and image processing. BABB clearing caused limited tissue shrinkage 13 ± 7% as surface area and 24 ± 1% as volume. Fluorescence remained intact in BABB-cleared gingiva samples and light-sheet microscopy was an excellent tool to image gingivae whereas confocal microscopy was not. Histochemistry on cryostat sections of gingiva samples after 3D imaging validated structures visualized in 3D. Three-dimensional images showed the vascular network in the stroma of gingiva with one capillary loop in each stromal papilla invading into the epithelium. The capillary loops were tortuous with structural irregularities that were not apparent in 2D images. It is concluded that 3D histochemistry and imaging methodology described here is a promising novel approach to study structural aspects of human gingiva in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Azaripour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany. .,Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Research Group, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Room 3.36, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Scharfbillig
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Anna Elisabeth Jadczak
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rens van der Waal
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Kielbassa
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I Picavet
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ard Jonker
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M L Hendrikx
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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