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Jiao L, Zhang T, Gao P, Zhou C, Mei X, Zhang W, Lu Y, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Yu Z, He M. Exploring and validating heating dynamics in a radio-frequency electromagnetic field-based resonant chamber for mouse hyperthermia research. Electromagn Biol Med 2024; 43:164-175. [PMID: 38859623 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2361873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mild whole-body hyperthermia has been shown to have anti-tumor effects through an immune-modulating mechanism. Before it is widely applied in the clinic, tremendous mechanistic research in animals is necessary to adhere to evidence-based principles. The radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) based heating facility could be a good choice for hyperthermia treatment, but the heating characteristics of a facility, including structure design, electromagnetic and thermal dosimetry, and the biologic effects of hyperthermia, need to be well elucidated. Here, we reported the heating characteristic study on a resonant chamber (RC) excited by a 1800 MHz solid source. The EMF in the RC was stirred by 24 static reflectors, which resulted in the standard deviation of electric field intensity being below 3 dB in the EM homogeneity evaluation. For the exposure scenario, six free-moving mice were loaded into separate cases and exposed simultaneously in the RC. The EMF energy absorption and distribution in exposed mice were calculated with the 12-plane-waves method of numerical simulation. Different levels of core body temperature increment in exposed mice were achieved through regulation of the source output power. Overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was detected in the liver, lung and muscle, but not in the brain of the exposed mice. The levels of representative inflammatory cytokines in the serum, TNF-α and IL-10 increased post RC exposure. Based on the heating characteristic study and validation, the applied RC would be a qualified heating system for mild whole-body hyperthermia effect research in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Xizang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Harada K, Takahashi K, Ikuta F, Shindo Y, Kato K, Iseki Y, Oshima Y, Majima T. Efficacy of a Deep Thermal Therapy System for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. J NIPPON MED SCH 2021; 88:335-341. [PMID: 32999179 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2021_88-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to assess the efficacy of a deep-tissue thermal therapy system with a resonant cavity applicator (DTT-RCA), which safely heats deep joint tissue for treating osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS Two groups of participants were recruited. The DTT-RCA group comprised 20 knees. Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade was I and II in 8 knees (DTT-RCA I/II group) [mean age 73.3 years (standard deviation 11.4) ], III and VI in 12 knees (DTT-RCA III/IV group) [75.4 (8.6) years]. The control group comprised 13 knees [68.2 (10.8) years]. K-L grade was I in 7 knees and II in 6 knees. This group received exercise therapy. The DTT-RCA I/II group and the control group were imaged by MRI T2 mapping at baseline and 6 months to determine the area of cartilage degeneration. RESULTS Visual Analogue Scale improved only in the DTT-RCA I/II post-intervention (p < 0.01). Japanese Orthopedic Association knee rating scores (DTT-RCA I/II: p < 0.01, control group: p < 0.01), the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (DTT-RCA I/II: p < 0.05, control: p < 0.01), and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (DTT-RCA I/II: p < 0.01, DTT-RCA III/IV: p < 0.05, control: p < 0.01) post-intervention. The magnitude of change did not differ significantly between the three groups. The area of cartilage degeneration did not change significantly post-intervention in the DTT-RCA I/II group, not even relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to test a DTT-RCA system in patients with knee OA. The system reduced the clinical symptoms of knee OA and could potentially be effective for conservative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Futoshi Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | | | - Kazuo Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University
| | - Yuya Iseki
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Mechanical System Design Course, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Hachinohe College
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School
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Shindo Y, Takahashi K, Ikuta F, Iseki Y, Harada K, Kato K. Deep heat therapy system with resonant cavity applicator for articular cartilage in knee osteoarthritis. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:823-827. [PMID: 33362353 PMCID: PMC7758613 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Heat can prevent cartilage degeneration when applied to articular cartilage, but the size of the human knee joint makes it difficult to target cartilage during heat treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish a heat therapy method capable of safely applying heat to deep intra-articular tissues utilizing a resonant cavity applicator and to confirm the extent of cartilage heating in the human knee when using this system. [Participants and Methods] Heating experiments were carried out on the knees of healthy three volunteers using a resonant cavity applicator and a microwave diathermy system. After heat application, temperature distributions inside the knee were measured noninvasively using our measurement method based on ultrasound imaging techniques. [Results] We observed an increase in the temperature around the cartilage tissue in the knees of the volunteers using an ultrasonic thermometer; there was no increase in temperature in the overlying layers. During heating with up to 20 W of power, none of the volunteers experienced adverse reactions. [Conclusion] This study indicates the potential safety and effectiveness of the resonant cavity heat therapy system for knee osteoarthritis in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine: 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Yuya Iseki
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Mechanical System Design Course, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Hachinohe College, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Japan
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Shindo Y, Kato K, Ikuta F, Takahashi K. Validation of Noninvasive Ultrasound Temperature Measurement System Through Experiments Using Resonant Cavity Applicator. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:2521-2524. [PMID: 31946410 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We developed a resonant cavity applicator for noninvasive deep hyperthermia treatment of osteoarthritis. In previous studies, we confirmed its viability by heating agar phantoms and conducting computer simulations. To evaluate the heating performance of this system on human subjects, it is necessary to develop a new noninvasive temperature measurement system. In this study, we developed a new temperature measurement system utilizing ultrasound imaging techniques. After heating an agar phantom with our resonant cavity applicator, temperature measurements from both our custom-made noninvasive ultrasonic thermometer and an optical fiber thermometer were collected and compared. Both temperature distributions showed a reliable trend, with heat energy concentrated at the center of the agar phantom. Average error rates were less than 13% for temperatures. The results of this study describe the viability of the temperature measurement system and the resonant cavity applicator for clinical applications.
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