Temporal Modulation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Influences Sensory Perception

Effectiveness of electroacupuncture for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A retrospective study

This retrospective study investigated the use of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Between May 2016 and April 2020, 140 patients with SSNHL were retrospectively analyzed. They were allocated to a treatment group (n = 70, received EA) and a control group (n = 70, received acupuncture). They received EA or acupuncture for a total of 3 months. The outcomes included average hearing threshold (AHT), tinnitus (as assessed by tinnitus handicap inventory [THI]), dizziness (as measured by dizziness handicap inventory [DHI]), and adverse events (AEs).After treatment, patients in both groups exerted more reduction in HT (P < .01), THI (P < .01), and DHI (P < .01), than those before the treatment. Furthermore, patients in the treatment group showed more relief in HT (P < .01), THI (P < .01), and DHI (P < .01), than those of patients in the control group. When it comes to AEs, both modalities had similar safety profile.The findings of this retrospective study indicated that the effectiveness of EA is superior to acupuncture in treating SSNHL. Future high quality studies are needed to warrant the present findings.

Electrotactile Feedback for the Discrimination of Different Surface Textures Using a Microphone

Most commercial prosthetic hands lack closed-loop feedback, thus, a lot of research has been focusing on implementing sensory feedback systems to provide the user with sensory information during activities of daily living. This study evaluates the possibilities of using a microphone and electrotactile feedback to identify different textures. A condenser microphone was used as a sensor to detect the friction sound generated from the contact between different textures and the microphone. The generated signal was processed to provide a characteristic electrical stimulation presented to the participants. The main goal of the processing was to derive a continuous and intuitive transfer function between the microphone signal and stimulation frequency. Twelve able-bodied volunteers participated in the study, in which they were asked to identify the stroked texture (among four used in this study: Felt, sponge, silicone rubber, and string mesh) using only electrotactile feedback. The experiments were done in three phases: (1) Training, (2) with-feedback, (3) without-feedback. Each texture was stroked 20 times each during all three phases. The results show that the participants were able to differentiate between different textures, with a median accuracy of 85%, by using only electrotactile feedback with the stimulation frequency being the only variable parameter.