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Plovie T, Schoeters R, Tarnaud T, Joseph W, Tanghe E. Nonlinearities and timescales in neural models of temporal interference stimulation. Bioelectromagnetics 2024. [PMID: 39183685 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
In temporal interference (TI) stimulation, neuronal cells react to two interfering sinusoidal electric fields with a slightly different frequency (f 1 ${f}_{1}$ ,f 2 ${f}_{2}$ in the range of about 1-4 kHz,∣ f 1 - f 2 ∣ $| {f}_{1}-{f}_{2}| $ in the range of about 1-100 Hz). It has been previously observed that for the same input intensity, the neurons do not react to a purely sinusoidal signal atf 1 ${f}_{1}$ orf 2 ${f}_{2}$ . This study seeks a better understanding of the largely unknown mechanisms underlying TI neuromodulation. To this end, single-compartment models are used to simulate computationally the response of neurons to the sinusoidal and TI waveform. This study compares five different neuron models: Hodgkin-Huxley (HH), Frankenhaeuser-Huxley (FH), along with leaky, exponential, and adaptive-exponential integrate-and-fire (IF). It was found that IF models do not entirely reflect the experimental behavior while the HH and FH model did qualitatively replicate the observed neural responses. Changing the time constants and steady state values of the ion gates in the FH model alters the response to both the sinusoidal and TI signal, possibly reducing the firing threshold of the sinusoidal input below that of the TI input. The results show that in the modified (simplified) model, TI stimulation is not qualitatively impacted by nonlinearities in the current-voltage relation. In contrast, ion channels have a significant impact on the neuronal response. This paper offers insights into neuronal biophysics and computational models of TI stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Plovie
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Schoeters
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tarnaud
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- 4Brain, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmeric Tanghe
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vassiliadis P, Beanato E, Popa T, Windel F, Morishita T, Neufeld E, Duque J, Derosiere G, Wessel MJ, Hummel FC. Non-invasive stimulation of the human striatum disrupts reinforcement learning of motor skills. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1581-1598. [PMID: 38811696 PMCID: PMC11343719 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Reinforcement feedback can improve motor learning, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain underexplored. In particular, the causal contribution of specific patterns of oscillatory activity within the human striatum is unknown. To address this question, we exploited a recently developed non-invasive deep brain stimulation technique called transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) during reinforcement motor learning with concurrent neuroimaging, in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study. Striatal tTIS applied at 80 Hz, but not at 20 Hz, abolished the benefits of reinforcement on motor learning. This effect was related to a selective modulation of neural activity within the striatum. Moreover, 80 Hz, but not 20 Hz, tTIS increased the neuromodulatory influence of the striatum on frontal areas involved in reinforcement motor learning. These results show that tTIS can non-invasively and selectively modulate a striatal mechanism involved in reinforcement learning, expanding our tools for the study of causal relationships between deep brain structures and human behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Vassiliadis
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Beanato
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Traian Popa
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Windel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Takuya Morishita
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Esra Neufeld
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julie Duque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerard Derosiere
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Impact Team, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Maximilian J Wessel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland.
- Clinical Neuroscience, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhu Z, Yin L. A mini-review: recent advancements in temporal interference stimulation in modulating brain function and behavior. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1266753. [PMID: 37780965 PMCID: PMC10539552 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1266753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assessed the effect of Temporal Interference (TI) on human performance. However, a comprehensive literature review has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this review aimed to search PubMed and Web of Science databases for TI-related literature and analyze the findings. We analyzed studies involving preclinical, human, and computer simulations, and then discussed the mechanism and safety of TI. Finally, we identified the gaps and outlined potential future directions. We believe that TI is a promising technology for the treatment of neurological movement disorders, due to its superior focality, steerability, and tolerability compared to traditional electrical stimulation. However, human experiments have yielded fewer and inconsistent results, thus animal and simulation experiments are still required to perfect stimulation protocols for human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Guo W, He Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Wang J, Liu S, Ming D. A novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique: "Temporally interfering electrical stimulation". Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1092539. [PMID: 36777641 PMCID: PMC9912300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, neuromodulation technology has demonstrated tremendous potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, challenges such as being less intrusive, more concentrated, using less energy, and better public acceptance, must be considered. Several novel and optimized methods are thus urgently desiderated to overcome these barriers. In specific, temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation was pioneered in 2017, which used a low-frequency envelope waveform, generated by the superposition of two high-frequency sinusoidal currents of slightly different frequency, to stimulate specific targets inside the brain. TI electrical stimulation holds the advantages of both spatial targeting and non-invasive character. The ability to activate deep pathogenic targets without surgery is intriguing, and it is expected to be employed to treat some neurological or psychiatric disorders. Recently, efforts have been undertaken to investigate the stimulation qualities and translation application of TI electrical stimulation via computational modeling and animal experiments. This review detailed the most recent scientific developments in the field of TI electrical stimulation, with the goal of serving as a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Guo
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenquan Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Liu,
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Tianjin, China,Dong Ming,
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