Lopez-Morillo E, Carvajal RG, Munoz F, El Gmili H, Lopez-Martin A, Ramirez-Angulo J, Rodriguez-Villegas E. A 1.2-V 140-nW 10-bit Sigma-Delta Modulator for Electroencephalogram Applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2008;
2:223-230. [PMID:
23852971 DOI:
10.1109/tbcas.2008.2001868]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a second-order Sigma-Delta modulator for electroencephalogram applications with 10 bits of resolution, 1.2 V of supply voltage, and only 140 nW of power consumption over a bandwidth of 25 Hz. Low-voltage operation has been achieved using quasi-floating-gate-based circuits. The use of a new class-AB operational amplifier in weak inversion allows very low power consumption. Experimental results show an energy efficiency of 1.6 pJ per quantization level, making it the most energy-efficient converter reported to date in the very low signal bandwidth range.
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