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Yang Q, Enríquez Á, Devathasan D, Thompson CA, Nayee D, Harris R, Satoski D, Obeng-Gyasi B, Lee A, Bentley RT, Lee H. Application of magnetically actuated self-clearing catheter for rapid in situ blood clot clearance in hemorrhagic stroke treatment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:520. [PMID: 35082280 PMCID: PMC8791973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the patency of indwelling drainage devices is critical in preventing further complications following an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and other chronic disease management. Surgeons often use drainage devices to remove blood and cerebrospinal fluid but these catheters frequently become occluded with hematoma. Using an implantable magnetic microactuator, we created a self-clearing catheter that can generate large enough forces to break down obstructive blood clots by applying time-varying magnetic fields. In a blood-circulating model, our self-clearing catheters demonstrated a > 7x longer functionality than traditional catheters (211 vs. 27 min) and maintained a low pressure for longer periods (239 vs. 79 min). Using a porcine IVH model, the self-clearing catheters showed a greater survival rate than control catheters (86% vs. 0%) over the course of 6 weeks. The treated animals also had significantly smaller ventricle sizes 1 week after implantation compared to the control animals with traditional catheters. Our results suggest that these magnetic microactuator-embedded smart catheters can expedite the removal of blood from the ventricles and potentially improve the outcomes of critical patients suffering from often deadly IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ángel Enríquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dillon Devathasan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Craig A Thompson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dillan Nayee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ryan Harris
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Douglas Satoski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Barnabas Obeng-Gyasi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Albert Lee
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Devathasan D, Bentley RT, Enriquez A, Yang Q, Thomovsky SA, Thompson C, Lee AE, Lee H. Development of an In Vitro Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Model for Functional Evaluation of Magnetic Microactuators Against Shunt Obstructions. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:e294-e300. [PMID: 34418611 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occlusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts placed after intraventricular hemorrhage occurs frequently. The objective of this study was to develop a hemorrhagic hydrocephalus model to assess the ability of an oscillating microactuator within the ventricular catheter (VC) to prevent shunt obstruction. METHODS An in vitro hydrocephalus model with extreme risk of shunt obstruction was created. Phosphate-buffered saline, blood, and thrombin were driven through ventriculoperitoneal shunts for 8 hours. Five VCs were fitted with a microactuator and compared with 5 control VCs. The microactuator was actuated by an external magnetic field for 30 minutes. Pressure within the imitation lateral ventricle was measured. RESULTS In the 5 control shunts, 6 obstructions developed (3 VC, 3 valve-distal catheter) compared with 1 obstruction (VC) in the 5 microactuator shunts. In the control and microactuator groups, the median volume exiting the shunts in 8 hours was 30 mL versus 256 mL. Median time to reach an intraventricular pressure of 40 mm Hg (13.8 minutes vs. >8 hours), median total time >40 mm Hg (6.2 hours vs. 0.0 hours), and median maximum pressure (192 mm Hg vs. 36 mm Hg) were significantly improved in the microactuator group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In addition to protecting the VC, the microactuator appeared to prevent hematoma obstructing the valve or distal catheter, resulting in a much longer duration of low intraventricular pressures. A microactuator activated by placing the patient's head in an external magnetic field could reduce shunt obstructions in hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Devathasan
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Angel Enriquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Craig Thompson
- Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Albert E Lee
- Goodman Campbell Brain & Spine, Carmel, Indiana, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Enríquez Á, Libring S, Field TC, Jimenez J, Lee T, Park H, Satoski D, Wendt MK, Calve S, Tepole AB, Solorio L, Lee H. High-Throughput Magnetic Actuation Platform for Evaluating the Effect of Mechanical Force on 3D Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2005021. [PMID: 34764824 PMCID: PMC8577425 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurately replicating and analyzing cellular responses to mechanical cues is vital for exploring metastatic disease progression. However, many of the existing in vitro platforms for applying mechanical stimulation seed cells on synthetic substrates. To better recapitulate physiological conditions, a novel actuating platform is developed with the ability to apply tensile strain on cells at various amplitudes and frequencies in a high-throughput multi-well culture plate using a physiologically-relevant substrate. Suspending fibrillar fibronectin across the body of the magnetic actuator provides a matrix representative of early metastasis for 3D cell culture that is not reliant on a synthetic substrate. This platform enables the culturing and analysis of various cell types in an environment that mimics the dynamic stretching of lung tissue during normal respiration. Metabolic activity, YAP activation, and morphology of breast cancer cells are analyzed within one week of cyclic stretching or static culture. Further, matrix degradation is significantly reduced in breast cancer cell lines with metastatic potential after actuation. These new findings demonstrate a clear suppressive cellular response due to cyclic stretching that has implications for a mechanical role in the dormancy and reactivation of disseminated breast cancer cells to macrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Enríquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tyler C. Field
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Julian Jimenez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Taeksang Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyunsu Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Douglas Satoski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael K. Wendt
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Luis Solorio
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abstract
The growing trend for personalized medicine calls for more reliable implantable biosensors that are capable of continuously monitoring target analytes for extended periods (i.e., >30 d). While promising biosensors for various applications are constantly being developed in the laboratories across the world, many struggle to maintain reliable functionality in complex in vivo environments over time. In this review, we explore the impact of various biotic and abiotic failure modes on the reliability of implantable biosensors. We discuss various design considerations for the development of chronically reliable implantable biosensors with a specific focus on strategies to combat biofouling, which is a fundamental challenge for many implantable devices. Briefly, we introduce the process of the foreign body response and compare the in vitro and the in vivo performances of state-of-the-art implantable biosensors. We then discuss the latest development in material science to minimize and delay biofouling including the usage of various hydrophilic, biomimetic, drug-eluting, zwitterionic, and other smart polymer materials. We also explore a number of active anti-biofouling approaches including stimuli-responsive materials and mechanical actuation. Finally, we conclude this topical review with a discussion on future research opportunities towards more reliable implantable biosensors.
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