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Roy TR, Dutta-Gupta S, Iyer BVS. Deformation induced evolution of plasmonic responses in polymer grafted nanoparticle thin films. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38861250 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Multi-functional nanoparticle thin films are being used in various applications ranging from biosensing to photo-voltaics. In this study, we integrate two different numerical approaches to understand the interplay between the mechanical deformation and optical response of polymer grafted plasmonic nanoparticle (PGPN) arrays. Using numerical simulations we examine the deformation of thin films formed by end-functionalised polymer grafted nanoparticles subject to uniaxial elongation. The induced deformation causes the particles in the thin film network to rearrange their positions by two different mechanisms viz. sliding and packing. In sliding, the particles move in the direction of induced deformation. On the other hand, in packing, the particles move in a direction normal to that of the induced deformation. By employing a Green's tensor formulation in polarizable backgrounds for evaluating the optical response of the nanoparticle network, we calculate the evolution of the plasmonic response of the structure as a function of strain. The results indicate that the evolution of plasmonic response closely follows the deformation. In particular, we show that the onset of relative electric field enhancement of the optical response occurs when there is significant rearrangement of the constituent PGPNs in the array. Furthermore, we show that depending on the local packing/sliding and the polarization of the incident light there can be both enhancement and suppression of the SERS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talem Rebeda Roy
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Shourya Dutta-Gupta
- Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Balaji V S Iyer
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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Miranda B, Dello Iacono S, Rea I, Borbone F, De Stefano L. Effect of the molecular weight on the sensing mechanism in polyethylene glycol diacrylate/gold nanocomposite optical transducers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25593. [PMID: 38356564 PMCID: PMC10864976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of plasmonic nanoparticles and hydrogels results in nanocomposite materials with unprecedented properties that give rise to powerful platforms for optical biosensing. Herein, we propose a physicochemical characterization of plasmonic hydrogel nanocomposites made of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels with increasing molecular weights (700-10000 Da) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, ∼60 nm). The swelling capability, mechanical properties, and thermal responses of the nanocomposites are analyzed and the combination with the resulting optical properties is elucidated. The different optomechanical properties of the proposed nanocomposites result in different transduction mechanisms, which can be exploited for several biosensing applications. A correlation between the polymer molecular weight, the effective refractive index of the material, and the optical response is found by combining experimental data and numerical simulations. In particular, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) position of the AuNPs was found to follow a parabolic profile as a function of the monomer molecular weight (MW), while its absorbance intensity was found as inversely proportional to the monomer MW. Low MW PEGDA nanocomposites were found to be responsive to refractive index variations for small molecule sensing. Differently, high MW PEGDA nanocomposites exhibited absorbance intensity increase/decrease as a function of the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the targeted small molecule. The proposed optomechanical model paves the way to the design of innovative platforms for real-life applications, such as wearable sensing, point-of-care testing, and food monitoring via smart packaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Miranda
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Dello Iacono
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Fabio Borbone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
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Lin HY, Chen WR, Lu LC, Chen HL, Chen YH, Pan M, Chen CC, Chen C, Yen TH, Wan D. Direct Thermal Growth of Gold Nanopearls on 3D Interweaved Hydrophobic Fibers as Ultrasensitive Portable SERS Substrates for Clinical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207404. [PMID: 36974592 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors have attracted much attention for their label-free detection, ultrahigh sensitivity, and unique molecular fingerprinting. In this study, a wafer-scale, ultrasensitive, highly uniform, paper-based, portable SERS detection platform featuring abundant and dense gold nanopearls with narrow gap distances, are prepared and deposited directly onto ultralow-surface-energy fluorosilane-modified cellulose fibers through simple thermal evaporation by delicately manipulating the atom diffusion behavior. The as-designed paper-based SERS substrate exhibits an extremely high Raman enhancement factor (3.9 × 1011 ), detectability at sub-femtomolar concentrations (single-molecule level) and great signal reproductivity (relative standard deviation: 3.97%), even when operated with a portable 785-nm Raman spectrometer. This system is used for fingerprinting identification of 12 diverse analytes, including clinical medicines (cefazolin, chloramphenicol, levetiracetam, nicotine), pesticides (thiram, paraquat, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos), environmental carcinogens (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene), and illegal drugs (methamphetamine, mephedrone). The lowest detection concentrations reach the sub-ppb level, highlighted by a low of 16.2 ppq for nicotine. This system appears suitable for clinical applications in, for example, i) therapeutic drug monitoring for individualized medication adjustment and ii) ultra-early diagnosis for pesticide intoxication. Accordingly, such scalable, portable and ultrasensitive fibrous SERS substrates open up new opportunities for practical on-site detection in biofluid analysis, point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 10449, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ru Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chia Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsuen-Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Michael Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chia Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chihchen Chen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 10449, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33378, Taiwan
| | - Dehui Wan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Abstract
Current advances in the fabrication of smart nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces find wide usage in the biomedical field. In this context, nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance exhibit unprecedented optical features that can be exploited to reduce the costs, analytic times, and need for expensive lab equipment. Moreover, they are promising for the design of nanoplatforms with multiple functionalities (e.g., multiplexed detection) with large integration within microelectronics and microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the most recent design strategies, fabrication approaches, and bio-applications of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) arranged in colloids, nanoarrays, and nanocomposites. After a brief introduction on the physical principles behind plasmonic nanostructures both as inherent optical detection and as nanoantennas for external signal amplification, we classify the proposed examples in colloid-based devices when plasmonic NPs operate in solution, nanoarrays when they are assembled or fabricated on rigid substrates, and nanocomposites when they are assembled within flexible/polymeric substrates. We highlight the main biomedical applications of the proposed devices and offer a general overview of the main strengths and limitations of the currently available plasmonic nanodevices.
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Miranda B, Rea I, Dardano P, De Stefano L, Forestiere C. Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Functionalization of Flexible Optical Biosensors: Toward Smart Life-Sciences Applications. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11040107. [PMID: 33916580 PMCID: PMC8066870 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, optical biosensors based on nanostructured materials have obtained increasing interest since they allow the screening of a wide variety of biomolecules with high specificity, low limits of detection, and great sensitivity. Among them, flexible optical platforms have the advantage of adapting to non-planar surfaces, suitable for in vivo and real-time monitoring of diseases and assessment of food safety. In this review, we summarize the newest and most advanced platforms coupling optically active materials (noble metal nanoparticles) and flexible substrates giving rise to hybrid nanomaterials and/or nanocomposites, whose performances are comparable to the ones obtained with hard substrates (e.g., glass and semiconductors). We focus on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors. We show that large-scale, cost-effective plasmonic platforms can be realized with the currently available techniques and we emphasize the open issues associated with this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Miranda
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Forestiere
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
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Abstract
Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.
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López-Muñoz GA, Estévez MC, Vázquez-García M, Berenguel-Alonso M, Alonso-Chamarro J, Homs-Corbera A, Lechuga LM. Gold/silver/gold trilayer films on nanostructured polycarbonate substrates for direct and label-free nanoplasmonic biosensing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800043. [PMID: 29717543 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmooth gold/silver/gold trilayer nanostructured plasmonic sensors were obtained using commercial Blu-ray optical discs as nanoslits-based flexible polymer substrates. A thin gold film was used as an adhesion and nucleation layer to improve the chemical stability and reduce the surface roughness of the overlying silver film, without increasing ohmic plasmon losses. The structures were physically and optically characterized and compared with nanostructures of single gold layer. Ultrasmooth and chemically stable trilayer nanostructures with a surface roughness <0.5 nm were obtained following a simple and reproducible fabrication process. They showed a figure of merit (FOM) value up to 69.2 RIU-1 which is significantly higher (more than 95%) than the gold monolayer counterpart. Their potential for biosensing was demonstrated by employing the trilayer sensor for the direct and refractometric (label-free) detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) biomarker in undiluted urine achieving a Limit of Detection (LOD) in the pM order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A López-Muñoz
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-Carmen Estévez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vázquez-García
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Berenguel-Alonso
- Sensors & Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julián Alonso-Chamarro
- Sensors & Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Homs-Corbera
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
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Reeves JB, Jayne RK, Stark TJ, Barrett LK, White AE, Bishop DJ. Tunable Infrared Metasurface on a Soft Polymer Scaffold. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2802-2806. [PMID: 29683680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of metallic electromagnetic meta-atoms on a soft microstructured polymer scaffold using a MEMS-based stencil lithography technique is demonstrated. Using this technique, complex metasurfaces that are generally impossible to fabricate with traditional photolithographic techniques are created. By engineering the mechanical deformation of the polymer scaffold, the metasurface reflectivity in the mid-infrared can be tuned by the application of moderate strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Reeves
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Rachael K Jayne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Thomas J Stark
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Lawrence K Barrett
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Alice E White
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Physics , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - David J Bishop
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
- Department of Physics , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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Ballard ZS, Shir D, Bhardwaj A, Bazargan S, Sathianathan S, Ozcan A. Computational Sensing Using Low-Cost and Mobile Plasmonic Readers Designed by Machine Learning. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2266-2274. [PMID: 28128933 PMCID: PMC5451292 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic sensors have been used for a wide range of biological and chemical sensing applications. Emerging nanofabrication techniques have enabled these sensors to be cost-effectively mass manufactured onto various types of substrates. To accompany these advances, major improvements in sensor read-out devices must also be achieved to fully realize the broad impact of plasmonic nanosensors. Here, we propose a machine learning framework which can be used to design low-cost and mobile multispectral plasmonic readers that do not use traditionally employed bulky and expensive stabilized light sources or high-resolution spectrometers. By training a feature selection model over a large set of fabricated plasmonic nanosensors, we select the optimal set of illumination light-emitting diodes needed to create a minimum-error refractive index prediction model, which statistically takes into account the varied spectral responses and fabrication-induced variability of a given sensor design. This computational sensing approach was experimentally validated using a modular mobile plasmonic reader. We tested different plasmonic sensors with hexagonal and square periodicity nanohole arrays and revealed that the optimal illumination bands differ from those that are "intuitively" selected based on the spectral features of the sensor, e.g., transmission peaks or valleys. This framework provides a universal tool for the plasmonics community to design low-cost and mobile multispectral readers, helping the translation of nanosensing technologies to various emerging applications such as wearable sensing, personalized medicine, and point-of-care diagnostics. Beyond plasmonics, other types of sensors that operate based on spectral changes can broadly benefit from this approach, including e.g., aptamer-enabled nanoparticle assays and graphene-based sensors, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Ballard
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Shir
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aashish Bhardwaj
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sarah Bazargan
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shyama Sathianathan
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, ‡Bioengineering Department, and §California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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