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Huang P, Li B, Wei M, Hao X, Chen X, Huang X, Huang W, Zhou S, Wen X, Xie S, Su D. Electromagnetic Susceptibility Analysis of the Operational Amplifier to Conducted EMI Injected through the Power Supply Port. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:121. [PMID: 38258240 PMCID: PMC10818561 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are widely used in circuit systems. The increasing complexity of the power supply network has led to the susceptibility of the power supply port to electromagnetic interference (EMI) in circuit systems. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) of op-amps at the power supply port. In this paper, we assessed the effect of EMI on the operational performance of op-amps through the power supply port by a bulk current injection (BCI) method. Firstly, we conducted the continuous sine wave into the power supply port by a current injection probe and measured the change in the offset voltage under EMI. Secondly, we proposed a new method of conducted susceptibility and obtained the susceptibility threshold regularities of the op-amps at the power supply port under the interference of different waveform signals. Our study provided conclusive evidence that EMI reduced the reliability of the op-amp by affecting the offset voltage of op-amps and demonstrated that the sensitivity type of op-amps was peak-sensitive at the power supply port. This study contributed to a deep understanding of the EMS mechanism and guided the design of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of op-amps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengyuan Wei
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuchun Hao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaozong Huang
- No. 24 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 404100, China; (X.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- No. 24 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 404100, China; (X.H.)
| | - Shuling Zhou
- No. 24 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 404100, China; (X.H.)
| | - Xiaokang Wen
- No. 24 Research Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Chongqing 404100, China; (X.H.)
| | - Shuguo Xie
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Donglin Su
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (P.H.); (S.X.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Liang Z, Wang X, Guo J, Ye Y, Zhang H, Xie L, Tao K, Zeng W, Yin E, Ji B. A Wireless, High-Quality, Soft and Portable Wrist-Worn System for sEMG Signal Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051085. [PMID: 37241708 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of wearable systems based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals has attracted widespread attention and plays an important role in human-computer interaction, physiological state monitoring, and other fields. Traditional sEMG signal acquisition systems are primarily targeted at body parts that are not in line with daily wearing habits, such as the arms, legs, and face. In addition, some systems rely on wired connections, which impacts their flexibility and user-friendliness. This paper presents a novel wrist-worn system with four sEMG acquisition channels and a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) greater than 120 dB. The circuit has an overall gain of 2492 V/V and a bandwidth of 15~500 Hz. It is fabricated using flexible circuit technologies and is encapsulated in a soft skin-friendly silicone gel. The system acquires sEMG signals at a sampling rate of over 2000 Hz with a 16-bit resolution and transmits data to a smart device via low-power Bluetooth. Muscle fatigue detection and four-class gesture recognition experiments (accuracy greater than 95%) were conducted to validate its practicality. The system has potential applications in natural and intuitive human-computer interaction and physiological state monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Liang
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xuanqi Wang
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yuanming Ye
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Erwei Yin
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences (AMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Tianjin Artificial Intelligence Innovation Center (TAIIC), Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China
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