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Linschmann O, Uguz DU, Romanski B, Baarlink I, Gunaratne P, Leonhardt S, Walter M, Lueken M. A Portable Multi-Modal Cushion for Continuous Monitoring of a Driver's Vital Signs. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4002. [PMID: 37112341 PMCID: PMC10144144 DOI: 10.3390/s23084002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With higher levels of automation in vehicles, the need for robust driver monitoring systems increases, since it must be ensured that the driver can intervene at any moment. Drowsiness, stress and alcohol are still the main sources of driver distraction. However, physiological problems such as heart attacks and strokes also exhibit a significant risk for driver safety, especially with respect to the ageing population. In this paper, a portable cushion with four sensor units with multiple measurement modalities is presented. Capacitive electrocardiography, reflective photophlethysmography, magnetic induction measurement and seismocardiography are performed with the embedded sensors. The device can monitor the heart and respiratory rates of a vehicle driver. The promising results of the first proof-of-concept study with twenty participants in a driving simulator not only demonstrate the accuracy of the heart (above 70% of medical-grade heart rate estimations according to IEC 60601-2-27) and respiratory rate measurements (around 30% with errors below 2 BPM), but also that the cushion might be useful to monitor morphological changes in the capacitive electrocardiogram in some cases. The measurements can potentially be used to detect drowsiness and stress and thus the fitness of the driver, since heart rate variability and breathing rate variability can be captured. They are also useful for the early prediction of cardiovascular diseases, one of the main reasons for premature death. The data are publicly available in the UnoVis dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Linschmann
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Durmus Umutcan Uguz
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bianca Romanski
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Immo Baarlink
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pujitha Gunaratne
- Toyota Collaborative Safety Research Center, Toyota Motors Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Steffen Leonhardt
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marian Walter
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Lueken
- Medical Information Technology, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Sagaidachnyi A, Fomin A, Usanov D, Skripal A. Real-time technique for conversion of skin temperature into skin blood flow: human skin as a low-pass filter for thermal waves. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:1009-1019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1615058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sagaidachnyi
- Department of Nano – and Biomedical Technology, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Andrey Fomin
- Department of Nano – and Biomedical Technology, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Dmitry Usanov
- Department of Nano – and Biomedical Technology, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anatoly Skripal
- Department of Nano – and Biomedical Technology, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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Cipresso P, Colombo D, Riva G. Computational Psychometrics Using Psychophysiological Measures for the Assessment of Acute Mental Stress. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040781. [PMID: 30769812 PMCID: PMC6412878 DOI: 10.3390/s19040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to provide reliable quantitative analyses of psycho-physiological measures during acute mental stress. Acute, time-limited stressors are used extensively as experimental stimuli in psychophysiological research. In particular, the Stroop Color Word Task and the Arithmetical Task have been widely used in several settings as effective mental stressors. We collected psychophysiological data on blood volume pulse, thoracic respiration, and skin conductance from 60 participants at rest and during stressful situations. Subsequently, we used statistical univariate tests and multivariate computational approaches to conduct comprehensive studies on the discriminative properties of each condition in relation to psychophysiological correlates. The results showed evidence of a greater discrimination capability of the Arithmetical Task compared to the Stroop test. The best predictors were the short time Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices, in particular, the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia index, which in turn could be predicted by other HRV and respiratory indices in a hierarchical, multi-level regression analysis. Thus, computational psychometrics analyses proved to be an effective tool for studying such complex variables. They could represent the first step in developing complex platforms for the automatic detection of mental stress, which could improve the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
- Department of Psychology of the Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 20100 Milano (MI) and Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
| | - Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
- Department of Psychology of the Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 1, 20100 Milano (MI) and Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab at IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via L. Ariosto 13, 20145 Milano (MI), Italy.
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Chen CC, Lin SC, Young MS, Yang CL. QUANTIFYING THE ACCUMULATED STRESS LEVEL USING A POINT-OF-CARE TEST DEVICE. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATIONS, BASIS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237214500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a portable embedded multi-sensor fusion for point-of-care health monitoring to evaluate the accumulated stress levels of affected people. The instrument integrates numerous physiological parameters to quantify the level of accumulated stress, which is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. The participants in this study were assigned daily mental arithmetic tasks over one week to simulate stress-accumulation conditions. Fuzzy logic rules were defined to quantify the accumulated stress level by combining electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrocardiograph (ECG) and photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals. The trends of 21 physiological parameters were analyzed and compared, from which the following four physiological parameters were identified as being representative of the effective response to cumulative stress: (1) the heart rate, (2) the ratio of low- to high-frequency powers for heart rate variability (HRV), (3) the skin conductance level (SCL) and (4) the liver harmonic proportion (i.e. the first harmonic of the peripheral blood volume pulse spectrum). Subsequently, the observed trends of these four parameters were combined to enhance the robustness and the reliability of the proposed system by adjusting the applied fuzzy logic rules. The experimental results show an 82% correlation between the measured level of accumulated stress and the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) obtained from subject-independent testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shing Young
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lung Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wei YC, Wei YY, Chang KH, Young MS. A three-lead, programmable, and microcontroller-based electrocardiogram generator with frequency domain characteristics of heart rate variability. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:045109. [PMID: 22559578 DOI: 10.1063/1.3693278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to design and develop a programmable electrocardiogram (ECG) generator with frequency domain characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) which can be used to test the efficiency of ECG algorithms and to calibrate and maintain ECG equipment. We simplified and modified the three coupled ordinary differential equations in McSharry's model to a single differential equation to obtain the ECG signal. This system not only allows the signal amplitude, heart rate, QRS-complex slopes, and P- and T-wave position parameters to be adjusted, but can also be used to adjust the very low frequency, low frequency, and high frequency components of HRV frequency domain characteristics. The system can be tuned to function with HRV or not. When the HRV function is on, the average heart rate can be set to a value ranging from 20 to 122 beats per minute (BPM) with an adjustable variation of 1 BPM. When the HRV function is off, the heart rate can be set to a value ranging from 20 to 139 BPM with an adjustable variation of 1 BPM. The amplitude of the ECG signal can be set from 0.0 to 330 mV at a resolution of 0.005 mV. These parameters can be adjusted either via input through a keyboard or through a graphical user interface (GUI) control panel that was developed using LABVIEW. The GUI control panel depicts a preview of the ECG signal such that the user can adjust the parameters to establish a desired ECG morphology. A complete set of parameters can be stored in the flash memory of the system via a USB 2.0 interface. Our system can generate three different types of synthetic ECG signals for testing the efficiency of an ECG algorithm or calibrating and maintaining ECG equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Karthikeyan P, Murugappan M, Yaacob S. Descriptive Analysis of Skin Temperature Variability of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Stress. J Phys Ther Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.24.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sazali Yaacob
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Baek HJ, Lee HB, Kim JS, Choi JM, Kim KK, Park KS. Nonintrusive Biological Signal Monitoring in a Car to Evaluate a Driver’s Stress and Health State. Telemed J E Health 2009; 15:182-9. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2008.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jae Baek
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haet Bit Lee
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Research Center for Sensory Organ, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ko Keun Kim
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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