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DAS D, Xu Z, Nasrollahpour M, Martos-Repath I, Zaeimbashi M, Khalifa A, Mittal A, Cash SS, Sun NX, Shrivastava A, Onabajo M. Circuit-Level Modeling and Simulation of Wireless Sensing and Energy Harvesting With Hybrid Magnetoelectric Antennas for Implantable Neural Devices. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2023; 4:139-155. [PMID: 37829556 PMCID: PMC10569408 DOI: 10.1109/ojcas.2023.3259233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A magnetoelectric antenna (ME) can exhibit the dual capabilities of wireless energy harvesting and sensing at different frequencies. In this article, a behavioral circuit model for hybrid ME antennas is described to emulate the radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and sensing operations during circuit simulations. The ME antenna of this work is interfaced with a CMOS energy harvester chip towards the goal of developing a wireless communication link for fully integrated implantable devices. One role of the integrated system is to receive pulse-modulated power from a nearby transmitter, and another role is to sense and transmit low-magnitude neural signals. The measurements reported in this paper are the first results that demonstrate simultaneous low-frequency wireless magnetic sensing and high-frequency wireless energy harvesting at two different frequencies with one dual-mode ME antenna. The proposed behavioral ME antenna model can be utilized during design optimizations of energy harvesting circuits. Measurements were performed to validate the wireless power transfer link with an ME antenna having a 2.57 GHz resonance frequency connected to an energy harvester chip designed in 65nm CMOS technology. Furthermore, this dual-mode ME antenna enables concurrent sensing using a carrier signal with a frequency that matches the second 63.63 MHz resonance mode. A wireless test platform has been developed for evaluation of ME antennas as a tool for neural implant design, and this prototype system was utilized to provide first experimental results with the transmission of magnetically modulated action potential waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptashree DAS
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ziyue Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Nasrollahpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- MediaTek Inc., Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Isabel Martos-Repath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohsen Zaeimbashi
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Khalifa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nian X Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aatmesh Shrivastava
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marvin Onabajo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Rêgo AS, Filipe L, Dias RA, Alves FS, Queiroz J, Ainla A, Arruda LM, Fangueiro R, Bouçanova M, Bernardes RA, de Sousa LB, Santos-Costa P, Apóstolo JA, Parreira P, Salgueiro-Oliveira A. End-User Assessment of an Innovative Clothing-Based Sensor Developed for Pressure Injury Prevention: A Mixed-Method Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054039. [PMID: 36901051 PMCID: PMC10001934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate a clothing prototype that incorporates sensors for the evaluation of pressure, temperature, and humidity for the prevention of pressure injuries, namely regarding physical and comfort requirements. A mixed-method approach was used with concurrent quantitative and qualitative data triangulation. A structured questionnaire was applied before a focus group of experts to evaluate the sensor prototypes. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the discourse of the collective subject, followed by method integration and meta-inferences. Nine nurses, experts in this topic, aged 32.66 ± 6.28 years and with a time of profession of 10.88 ± 6.19 years, participated in the study. Prototype A presented low evaluation in stiffness (1.56 ± 1.01) and roughness (2.11 ± 1.17). Prototype B showed smaller values in dimension (2.77 ± 0.83) and stiffness (3.00 ± 1.22). Embroidery was assessed as inadequate in terms of stiffness (1.88 ± 1.05) and roughness (2.44 ± 1.01). The results from the questionnaires and focus groups' show low adequacy as to stiffness, roughness, and comfort. The participants highlighted the need for improvements regarding stiffness and comfort, suggesting new proposals for the development of sensors for clothing. The main conclusions are that Prototype A presented the lowest average scores relative to rigidity (1.56 ± 1.01), considered inadequate. This dimension of Prototype B was evaluated as slightly adequate (2.77 ± 0.83). The rigidity (1.88 ± 1.05) of Prototype A + B + embroidery was evaluated as inadequate. The prototype revealed clothing sensors with low adequacy regarding the physical requirements, such as stiffness or roughness. Improvements are needed regarding the stiffness and roughness for the safety and comfort characteristics of the device evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S. Rêgo
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Filipe
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosana A. Dias
- International Iberian Laboratory of Nanotechnology (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Alves
- International Iberian Laboratory of Nanotechnology (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Queiroz
- International Iberian Laboratory of Nanotechnology (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alar Ainla
- International Iberian Laboratory of Nanotechnology (INL), 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Arruda
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Maria Bouçanova
- Impetus Portugal-Têxteis Sa (IMPETUS), 4740-696 Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Rafael A. Bernardes
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana B. de Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos-Costa
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João A. Apóstolo
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Parreira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Salgueiro-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), 3000-232 Coimbra, Portugal
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Muñoz JD, Mosquera VH, Rengifo CF. A low-cost, portable, two-dimensional bioimpedance distribution estimation system based on the AD5933 impedance converter. HARDWAREX 2022; 11:e00274. [PMID: 35509922 PMCID: PMC9058721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a low-cost, portable, eight-channel electrical impedance tomograph based on the AD5933 impedance converter. The patterns for current injection and voltage measurement are managed by an Arduino Mega 2560 board and four 74HC4067 Texas Instruments multiplexers. Regarding the experimental results, the errors in the impedance estimates of an electrical circuit that represents a Cole model were less than 1.14% for the magnitude and 4.15% for the phase. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio measured in a resistive phantom was 55.23 dB. Additional experiments consisted of placing five spheres of different size and conductivity in a saline tank, measuring their impedance through eight electrodes, and then generating impedance maps using the Electrical Impedance Tomography and Diffuse Optical Tomography Reconstruction Software (EIDORS). These maps were different for each sphere, suggesting the proposed prototype as a promising alternative for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Muñoz
- Research Group of Automation, Universidad del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Víctor H. Mosquera
- Department of Electronic Instrumentation and Control, Universidad del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Carlos F. Rengifo
- Department of Electronic Instrumentation and Control, Universidad del Cauca, Colombia
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