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Pustchi SE, Avci NG, Akay YM, Akay M. Astrocytes Decreased the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Bay 11-7082. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7154. [PMID: 32998285 PMCID: PMC7583902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant type of astrocytic tumors. GBM patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite the "Stupp" Regimen and high tumor recurrence due to the tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we co-cultured GBM cells with human astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) microwells to mimic the tumor microenvironment. We treated 3D co- and mono-cultured cells with Temozolomide (TMZ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 and investigated the combined effect of the drugs. We assessed the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin that play a role in the tumor malignancy and activation of the astrocytes as well as Notch-1 and survivin that play a role in GBM malignancy after the drug treatment to understand how astrocytes induced GBM drug response. Our results showed that in the co-culture, astrocytes increased GBM survival and resistance after combined drug treatment compared to mono-cultures. These data restated the importance of 3D cell culture to mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Survivin/genetics
- Survivin/metabolism
- Temozolomide/pharmacology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.E.P.); (N.G.A.); (Y.M.A.)
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Avci NG, Ebrahimzadeh-Pustchi S, Akay YM, Esquenazi Y, Tandon N, Zhu JJ, Akay M. NF-κB inhibitor with Temozolomide results in significant apoptosis in glioblastoma via the NF-κB(p65) and actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13352. [PMID: 32770097 PMCID: PMC7414229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor characterized by intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemotherapy. GBM tumors show nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity that has been associated with tumor formation, growth, and increased resistance to therapy. We investigated the effect of NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 with Temozolomide (TMZ) on the signaling pathways in GBM pathogenesis. GBM cells and patient-derived GBM cells cultured in 3D microwells were co-treated with BAY 11-7082 and TMZ or BAY 11-7082 and TMZ alone, and combined experiments of cell proliferation, apoptosis, wound healing assay, as well as reverse-phase protein arrays, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the effects of drugs on GBM cells. The results revealed that the co-treatment significantly altered cell proliferation by decreasing GBM viability, suppressed NF-κB pathway and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that the co-treatment of BAY 11-7082 and TMZ significantly contributed to a decrease in the migration pattern of patient-derived GBM cells by modulating actin cytoskeleton pathway. These findings suggest that in addition to TMZ treatment, NF-κB can be used as a potential target to increase the treatment's outcomes. The drug combination strategy, which is significantly improved by NF-κB inhibitor could be used to better understand the underlying mechanism of GBM pathways in vivo and as a potential therapeutic tool for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naze G Avci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Sadaf Ebrahimzadeh-Pustchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Yasemin M Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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